This document provides an overview of threads in Java, including:
- Threads allow for multitasking by executing multiple processes simultaneously. They are lightweight processes that exist within a process and share system resources.
- Threads can be created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method defines the code executed by the thread.
- Threads transition between states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead during their lifecycle. Methods like start(), sleep(), join(), etc. impact the thread states.
- Synchronization is used to control access to shared resources when multiple threads access methods and data outside their run() methods. This prevents issues like inconsistent data.
the slide about Exception handling in java and the file and io handling in java .inbuilt java packages in for java exception.for beginner in programming
The document discusses multithreading and threading concepts in Java. It defines a thread as a single sequential flow of execution within a program. Multithreading allows executing multiple threads simultaneously by sharing the resources of a process. The key benefits of multithreading include proper utilization of resources, decreased maintenance costs, and improved performance of complex applications. Threads have various states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead during their lifecycle. The document also explains different threading methods like start(), run(), sleep(), yield(), join(), wait(), notify() etc and synchronization techniques in multithreading.
The document discusses the importance of research and the research process. It notes that research is important for organizations to analyze performance, identify areas for improvement, and make informed decisions. The research process involves defining a problem, developing a plan, collecting and analyzing information, and presenting findings. Effective research influences others, is accepted by scholars, and benefits others. The document also outlines some potential challenges in research including ethical issues, difficulties with methodology, and problems that may arise with data analysis.
M2M technology allows machines and devices to communicate with each other without human intervention. It uses sensors, wireless networks, and the internet to connect devices. There are four basic stages to most M2M applications: data collection, data transmission over a network, data assessment, and response to the available information. M2M has many applications including security, transportation, healthcare, manufacturing, and the automotive industry. In particular, vehicle-to-vehicle communication through technologies like DSRC can help avoid road accidents by warning drivers of dangerous conditions.
This document discusses strings and string buffers in Java. It defines strings as sequences of characters that are class objects implemented using the String and StringBuffer classes. It provides examples of declaring, initializing, concatenating and using various methods like length(), charAt() etc. on strings. The document also introduces the StringBuffer class for mutable strings and lists some common StringBuffer functions.
JRE , JDK and platform independent nature of JAVAMehak Tawakley
Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems which was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core component of Sun Microsystems.
JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment which is used to provide an environment at runtime.
JVM or Java Virtual Machine is the medium which compiles Java code to bytecode which gets interpreted on a different machine and hence it makes it Platform/ Operating system independent.
JDK (Java SE Development Kit) Includes a complete JRE (Java Runtime Environment) plus tools for developing, debugging, and monitoring Java applications.
1. The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines threads as independent paths of execution within a process and explains how Java supports multithreading.
2. Key concepts covered include the different states a thread can be in (new, ready, running, blocked, dead), thread priorities, synchronization to allow threads to safely access shared resources, and methods to control threads like start(), sleep(), join(), etc.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to create and manage multiple threads that run concurrently and synchronize access to shared resources.
Java Multi Threading Concept
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
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Java: The Complete Reference, Eleventh Editionmoxuji
This 1248-page book by Herbert Schildt published in 2018 is the 11th edition of Java: The Complete Reference. It provides a comprehensive reference to the Java programming language, covering topics in thorough detail for experienced Java developers. Published by McGraw-Hill Education, the book is in English and includes ISBN numbers to uniquely identify it.
- Java threads allow for multithreaded and parallel execution where different parts of a program can run simultaneously.
- There are two main ways to create a Java thread: extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface.
- To start a thread, its start() method must be called rather than run(). Calling run() results in serial execution rather than parallel execution of threads.
- Synchronized methods use intrinsic locks on objects to allow only one thread to execute synchronized code at a time, preventing race conditions when accessing shared resources.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as abnormal conditions that arise during runtime and disrupt normal program flow. There are three types of exceptions: checked exceptions which must be declared, unchecked exceptions which do not need to be declared, and errors which are rare and cannot be recovered from. The try, catch, and finally blocks are used to handle exceptions, with catch blocks handling specific exception types and finally blocks containing cleanup code.
The document discusses method overloading and overriding in Java. It defines method overloading as having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters, while overriding involves subclasses providing specific implementations of methods in the parent class. It provides examples of overloading methods by changing parameters and data types, and explains why overriding is not possible by only changing the return type due to ambiguity. The use of the super keyword to refer to parent class members is also explained.
The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines a thread as a single sequential flow of control within a program. Multithreading allows a program to be divided into multiple subprograms that can run concurrently. Threads have various states like newborn, runnable, running, blocked, and dead. The key methods for managing threads include start(), sleep(), yield(), join(), wait(), notify(). Synchronization is needed when multiple threads access shared resources to prevent inconsistencies. Deadlocks can occur when threads wait indefinitely for each other.
The document provides an overview of how to build a graphical user interface (GUI) in Java. It discusses the key classes used to create GUI components like JFrame, JPanel, and JButton. It explains how to set layout managers, add components, set frame size and visibility. It also includes sample code to create a simple calculator GUI with a border layout and grid layout. The document is an introduction to developing GUIs in Java using the Swing toolkit.
This is the presentation file about inheritance in java. You can learn details about inheritance and method overriding in inheritance in java. I think it's can help your. Thank you.
The document discusses different types of early computer processing methods. Serial processing required users to restart the entire setup sequence if an error occurred, wasting significant time. To improve efficiency, simple batch processing was developed where multiple jobs were submitted in batches to maximize processor utilization and reduce wasted time from scheduling and setup between individual jobs. This represented an early form of multiprogramming to better use the expensive computer resources.
A thread is an independent path of execution within a Java program. The Thread class in Java is used to create threads and control their behavior and execution. There are two main ways to create threads - by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method contains the code for the thread's task and threads can be started using the start() method. Threads have different states like New, Runnable, Running, Waiting etc during their lifecycle.
Deadlock occurs when a set of blocked processes form a circular chain where each process waits for a resource held by the next process. There are four necessary conditions for deadlock: mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait. The banker's algorithm avoids deadlock by tracking available resources and process resource needs, and only allocating resources to a process if it will not cause the system to enter an unsafe state where deadlock could occur. It uses matrices to represent allocation states and evaluates requests to ensure allocating resources does not lead to deadlock.
This document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines an exception as a problem that occurs during program execution, such as dividing by zero. It describes two types of exception handling: unstructured and structured. Unstructured handling uses if/else statements or On Error GoTo. Structured handling uses Try/Catch blocks with keywords like Try, Catch, Finally, and Throw to control program flow. It also shows exception class hierarchies and provides a code example using Try/Catch.
Selection Statements
Using if and if...else
Nested if Statements
Using switch Statements
Conditional Operator
Repetition Statements
Looping: while, do, and for
Nested loops
Using break and continue
The document discusses Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit). It describes that AWT is an API that allows developing GUI applications in Java. It provides classes like TextField, Label, TextArea etc. for building GUI components. The document then explains key AWT concepts like containers, windows, panels, events, event handling model, working with colors and fonts.
String is an object that represents a sequence of characters. The three main String classes in Java are String, StringBuffer, and StringTokenizer. String is immutable, while StringBuffer allows contents to be modified. Common string methods include length(), charAt(), substring(), indexOf(), and equals(). The StringBuffer class is similar to String but more flexible as it allows adding, inserting and appending new contents.
Java supports several types of literals including integer, real, character, string, and backslash literals. Integer literals can be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal and consist of digits with an optional sign. Real literals contain fractional parts. Character literals are single characters within single quotes. String literals are sequences of characters within double quotes. Backslash literals use escape sequences to represent special characters like newlines and tabs.
Provides information about Threads in Java. different ways of creating and running the thread and also provides the information about Life Cycle of the Thread
Thread is the basic unit of CPU utilization in an operating system. A single-threaded process can only perform one task at a time, while a multithreaded process can perform multiple tasks simultaneously using threads. Java uses the Thread class and Runnable interface to create and manage threads. The main thread is created automatically, while additional threads can be instantiated by implementing Runnable or extending Thread. Synchronization is needed when threads share resources to prevent race conditions.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It begins by explaining the difference between single-threaded and multithreaded programs. A multithreaded program contains two or more threads that can run concurrently. Each thread defines a separate path of execution. The document then covers key aspects of multithreading like creating threads by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface, starting and controlling threads, thread priorities, synchronization, and inter-thread communication.
JRE , JDK and platform independent nature of JAVAMehak Tawakley
Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems which was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core component of Sun Microsystems.
JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment which is used to provide an environment at runtime.
JVM or Java Virtual Machine is the medium which compiles Java code to bytecode which gets interpreted on a different machine and hence it makes it Platform/ Operating system independent.
JDK (Java SE Development Kit) Includes a complete JRE (Java Runtime Environment) plus tools for developing, debugging, and monitoring Java applications.
1. The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines threads as independent paths of execution within a process and explains how Java supports multithreading.
2. Key concepts covered include the different states a thread can be in (new, ready, running, blocked, dead), thread priorities, synchronization to allow threads to safely access shared resources, and methods to control threads like start(), sleep(), join(), etc.
3. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to create and manage multiple threads that run concurrently and synchronize access to shared resources.
Java Multi Threading Concept
By N.V.Raja Sekhar Reddy
www.technolamp.co.in
Want more...
Like us @ https://www.facebook.com/Technolamp.co.in
subscribe videos @ http://www.youtube.com/user/nvrajasekhar
Java: The Complete Reference, Eleventh Editionmoxuji
This 1248-page book by Herbert Schildt published in 2018 is the 11th edition of Java: The Complete Reference. It provides a comprehensive reference to the Java programming language, covering topics in thorough detail for experienced Java developers. Published by McGraw-Hill Education, the book is in English and includes ISBN numbers to uniquely identify it.
- Java threads allow for multithreaded and parallel execution where different parts of a program can run simultaneously.
- There are two main ways to create a Java thread: extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface.
- To start a thread, its start() method must be called rather than run(). Calling run() results in serial execution rather than parallel execution of threads.
- Synchronized methods use intrinsic locks on objects to allow only one thread to execute synchronized code at a time, preventing race conditions when accessing shared resources.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as abnormal conditions that arise during runtime and disrupt normal program flow. There are three types of exceptions: checked exceptions which must be declared, unchecked exceptions which do not need to be declared, and errors which are rare and cannot be recovered from. The try, catch, and finally blocks are used to handle exceptions, with catch blocks handling specific exception types and finally blocks containing cleanup code.
The document discusses method overloading and overriding in Java. It defines method overloading as having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters, while overriding involves subclasses providing specific implementations of methods in the parent class. It provides examples of overloading methods by changing parameters and data types, and explains why overriding is not possible by only changing the return type due to ambiguity. The use of the super keyword to refer to parent class members is also explained.
The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines a thread as a single sequential flow of control within a program. Multithreading allows a program to be divided into multiple subprograms that can run concurrently. Threads have various states like newborn, runnable, running, blocked, and dead. The key methods for managing threads include start(), sleep(), yield(), join(), wait(), notify(). Synchronization is needed when multiple threads access shared resources to prevent inconsistencies. Deadlocks can occur when threads wait indefinitely for each other.
The document provides an overview of how to build a graphical user interface (GUI) in Java. It discusses the key classes used to create GUI components like JFrame, JPanel, and JButton. It explains how to set layout managers, add components, set frame size and visibility. It also includes sample code to create a simple calculator GUI with a border layout and grid layout. The document is an introduction to developing GUIs in Java using the Swing toolkit.
This is the presentation file about inheritance in java. You can learn details about inheritance and method overriding in inheritance in java. I think it's can help your. Thank you.
The document discusses different types of early computer processing methods. Serial processing required users to restart the entire setup sequence if an error occurred, wasting significant time. To improve efficiency, simple batch processing was developed where multiple jobs were submitted in batches to maximize processor utilization and reduce wasted time from scheduling and setup between individual jobs. This represented an early form of multiprogramming to better use the expensive computer resources.
A thread is an independent path of execution within a Java program. The Thread class in Java is used to create threads and control their behavior and execution. There are two main ways to create threads - by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method contains the code for the thread's task and threads can be started using the start() method. Threads have different states like New, Runnable, Running, Waiting etc during their lifecycle.
Deadlock occurs when a set of blocked processes form a circular chain where each process waits for a resource held by the next process. There are four necessary conditions for deadlock: mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait. The banker's algorithm avoids deadlock by tracking available resources and process resource needs, and only allocating resources to a process if it will not cause the system to enter an unsafe state where deadlock could occur. It uses matrices to represent allocation states and evaluates requests to ensure allocating resources does not lead to deadlock.
This document discusses exception handling in programming. It defines an exception as a problem that occurs during program execution, such as dividing by zero. It describes two types of exception handling: unstructured and structured. Unstructured handling uses if/else statements or On Error GoTo. Structured handling uses Try/Catch blocks with keywords like Try, Catch, Finally, and Throw to control program flow. It also shows exception class hierarchies and provides a code example using Try/Catch.
Selection Statements
Using if and if...else
Nested if Statements
Using switch Statements
Conditional Operator
Repetition Statements
Looping: while, do, and for
Nested loops
Using break and continue
The document discusses Java AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit). It describes that AWT is an API that allows developing GUI applications in Java. It provides classes like TextField, Label, TextArea etc. for building GUI components. The document then explains key AWT concepts like containers, windows, panels, events, event handling model, working with colors and fonts.
String is an object that represents a sequence of characters. The three main String classes in Java are String, StringBuffer, and StringTokenizer. String is immutable, while StringBuffer allows contents to be modified. Common string methods include length(), charAt(), substring(), indexOf(), and equals(). The StringBuffer class is similar to String but more flexible as it allows adding, inserting and appending new contents.
Java supports several types of literals including integer, real, character, string, and backslash literals. Integer literals can be decimal, octal, or hexadecimal and consist of digits with an optional sign. Real literals contain fractional parts. Character literals are single characters within single quotes. String literals are sequences of characters within double quotes. Backslash literals use escape sequences to represent special characters like newlines and tabs.
Provides information about Threads in Java. different ways of creating and running the thread and also provides the information about Life Cycle of the Thread
Thread is the basic unit of CPU utilization in an operating system. A single-threaded process can only perform one task at a time, while a multithreaded process can perform multiple tasks simultaneously using threads. Java uses the Thread class and Runnable interface to create and manage threads. The main thread is created automatically, while additional threads can be instantiated by implementing Runnable or extending Thread. Synchronization is needed when threads share resources to prevent race conditions.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It begins by explaining the difference between single-threaded and multithreaded programs. A multithreaded program contains two or more threads that can run concurrently. Each thread defines a separate path of execution. The document then covers key aspects of multithreading like creating threads by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface, starting and controlling threads, thread priorities, synchronization, and inter-thread communication.
Multithreading is the ability of a program or an
operating system process to manage its use by
more than one user at a time and to even manage
multiple requests by the same user without
having to have multiple copies of the
programming running in the computer.
The document discusses threads and multithreading in Java. It defines a thread as a flow of execution with a beginning, execution sequence, and end. Multithreading allows multiple threads to run simultaneously within a single program. It describes how to create threads by extending the Thread class or implementing Runnable. The document also discusses thread states, priorities, synchronization, and race conditions that can occur when multiple threads access shared data.
Multithreading allows programs to have multiple threads that can run concurrently. Each thread defines a separate path of execution. Processes are programs that are executing, while threads exist within a process and share its resources. Creating a new thread requires fewer resources than creating a new process. There are two main ways to define a thread - by implementing the Runnable interface or by extending the Thread class.
Threads : Single and Multitasking, Creating and terminating the thread, Single and Multi tasking
using threads, Deadlock of threads, Thread communication.
Java Performance, Threading and Concurrent Data StructuresHitendra Kumar
The document discusses Java performance and threading. It provides an overview of performance concepts, the performance process, and measurement techniques like benchmarking and profiling. It also covers key threading concepts like thread states, synchronization, and how to share data across threads using synchronized methods, objects, and wait/notify.
Multithreading allows a program to split into multiple subprograms called threads that can run concurrently. Threads go through various states like new, runnable, running, blocked, and dead. There are two main ways to create threads: by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. Threads can have different priorities that influence scheduling order. Multithreading allows performing multiple operations simultaneously to save time without blocking the user, and exceptions in one thread do not affect others.
The document discusses multithreading concepts in Java, including:
- Multithreading allows multiple tasks in a program to run concurrently by using threads. Threads are lightweight sub-processes that can run tasks independently and in parallel.
- There are two main ways to create threads in Java: by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface. The run() method specifies the task to be performed by the thread.
- Thread states include new, ready, running, blocked, and terminated. Thread methods like start(), join(), sleep(), yield(), interrupt() control thread execution and synchronization.
The document discusses multithreaded programming in Java. It describes that a multithreaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently as separate execution paths called threads. Threads are lighter weight than processes and allow for more efficient CPU usage by enabling idle time to be minimized. The Java threading model eliminates the single event loop of single-threaded programs by allowing threads to run independently such that if one thread blocks, other threads can continue running. Threads can be created by implementing the Runnable interface or extending the Thread class.
Thread is an independent path of execution through program code. The JVM gives each thread its own method-call stack to track execution. When multiple threads execute byte-code instruction sequences in the same program concurrently, it is known as multithreading. Java accomplishes multithreading through its Thread class, with each Thread object describing a single thread of execution that occurs in its run() method.
This document discusses multithreading in Java. It defines two types of multitasking: process-based and thread-based. Process-based multitasking allows multiple programs to run concurrently, while thread-based multitasking allows a single program to perform multiple tasks simultaneously by dividing the program into threads. The document describes how to create threads by implementing the Runnable interface or extending the Thread class, and how threads can be scheduled using priorities.
Multithreading allows multiple tasks in a program to run concurrently. In Java, multithreading is built-in and threads provide the mechanism for running tasks simultaneously. A thread represents the flow of execution of a task. Threads have lifecycles including new, runnable, running, waiting, and dead states. There are two ways to create threads in Java: by extending the Thread class and overriding the run method, or by implementing the Runnable interface.
The document discusses multi-threading in Java. It defines multi-threading as a program with multiple execution paths called threads that can run concurrently. It describes thread priorities that determine context switching between threads. It also covers thread synchronization which ensures only one thread accesses shared resources at a time, and thread interrupts which allow one thread to signal another to stop executing. Finally, it discusses thread groups which allow organizing related threads together.
This document discusses inheritance, operator overloading, and overriding in F#. It provides an example of defining a Person base class and Student and Teacher subclasses that inherit from Person. It also defines a Complex class that overloads the + and - operators. Finally, it shows how to override a base class method in a subclass by declaring it as abstract and overriding.
The document discusses exception handling in .NET F# including try/with, try/finally, raising exceptions, and common exception types. It provides examples of handling different exceptions using try/with blocks and raising custom exceptions. The key constructs for exception handling in F# are covered including basic syntax, matching exception patterns, and ensuring cleanup code executes.
The document discusses events, creating custom events, and processing event streams in F#. It provides an overview of events, how they allow objects to communicate asynchronously, and how to create and handle events through the Event class. It also covers creating custom events for a Worker class to notify when the name or shift changes, attaching callback functions to event handlers, and an example of implementing an interface using events.
This document discusses classes in F# including:
- Constructors are used to initialize class properties and fields when an object is created. Classes can use implicit or explicit constructor syntax.
- Implicit syntax fuses the constructor with the class body while explicit syntax requires declaring fields and constructors separately.
- Let and do bindings execute initialization code during object construction. Fields created by let bindings can be accessed throughout the class.
- Methods can take parameters, call other methods, and be parameterless. Methods support curried or tuple parameter passing forms.
An abstract class is a base class that is meant to be inherited from but cannot be instantiated. It may contain implemented and unimplemented members, with unimplemented members denoted as abstract. Derived classes must implement all abstract members. An interface defines a contract that classes can implement but contains no implementation. Classes implementing an interface must provide method bodies for all interface members. Interfaces can inherit other interfaces.
The document discusses generic classes in F#. It explains that generics allow code to work with any data type without repeating code for each type. It provides examples of generic methods, functions, classes, records, and discriminated unions. It demonstrates how to define a generic method, record, and class. The examples show how to specify type parameters and how the compiler infers types when they are not explicitly provided.
This document discusses delegates in F#. It defines delegates as special functions that encapsulate a method and represent a method signature, similar to function pointers in C/C++. It provides three ways to define delegates and describes simple and multicast delegates. Examples are given to demonstrate defining static and instance methods, defining delegates to reference those methods, and invoking delegates to call the methods. Delegates allow methods to be passed as arguments and attached to functions or methods at runtime.
The document discusses mutable dictionaries in F#. It describes how to create a dictionary, add/remove items from a dictionary, retrieve items from a dictionary, and handle exceptions when accessing non-existent items. It provides examples of creating a dictionary of students by name and accessing dictionary properties like count and keys. It also shows methods for adding, removing, and checking for keys/values and provides an example of a dictionary storing atomic elements by name and weight.
The document discusses mutable lists and dictionaries in F#. It describes lists as mutable collections that can be resized and allow adding elements using methods like Add. Lists are implemented as resizable arrays under the hood. The List<T> class provides properties like Count and Capacity and methods for adding, removing, and accessing elements. Dictionaries are also mutable and map keys to values, providing similar functionality to lists.
The document discusses lists vs arrays in F#, summarizing that:
- Arrays provide constant-time lookups but fixed size, while lists allow variable sizes but are slower;
- Lists are immutable and allow efficient prepending, while mutating arrays is less efficient;
- Multidimensional arrays come in rectangular (same sizes) and jagged (varying row sizes) forms.
Searching arrays uses functions like Array.find to retrieve elements matching a condition. The example shows encrypting a string using ROT13 array indexing.
This document discusses arrays in F# and provides examples of creating and manipulating arrays. It covers:
1. Three ways to create arrays - with semicolon separators, without separators, and using sequence expressions.
2. Accessing array elements using dot notation and indexes, and slice notation to access subranges.
3. Common functions for creating arrays like Array.create, Array.init, and Array.zeroCreate.
4. Other useful functions like Array.copy, Array.append, Array.map, Array.filter, and Array.reverse.
5. An example showing the Apartment type and creating an array of apartments to demonstrate array functions.
The document discusses various ways to create and initialize lists in F#:
1. Using list literals by specifying values separated by semicolons in square brackets.
2. Using the cons (::) operator to prepend values to an existing list or empty list [].
3. Using the List.init method of the List module, which takes the desired length and an initializer function to generate list items.
This document provides an introduction to Microsoft Word 2007 and its features. It covers topics such as creating documents using templates, performing basic tasks, inserting and editing pictures and tables, formatting text, working with language tools like spelling and grammar check, inserting headers and footers, and mail merge. Practical assignments are included at the end to help learners practice different Word functions like formatting text, inserting tables, sorting data, and using mail merge.
The document discusses the String class in Java. It states that a String represents a sequence of characters and belongs to the java.lang package. Character sequences can be represented using character arrays, but character arrays do not support the full range of string operations. In Java, strings are class objects implemented using the String and StringBuffer classes. Strings are immutable while StringBuffers are mutable and support modifying string contents.
The document describes various component constructor methods in Java including Labels, Buttons, TextFields, Checkboxes, RadioButtons, Lists, Dropdown Lists, TextAreas, and Scroll Bars. It provides the constructor syntax and key methods for each component type.
AWT (Abstract Window Toolkit) is a collection of classes and methods that allows creation and management of windows. It provides support for applets and contains support for window-based graphical user interfaces. Different window classes defined by AWT add functionality, with Component and Container being the base classes. Layout managers determine how components are arranged in frames using algorithms. Common layout managers include FlowLayout, BorderLayout, and GridLayout. Graphics methods allow for drawing shapes and text to windows.
The document discusses reading input from the keyboard in Java programs. It covers using the BufferedReader and InputStreamReader classes to get user input as a String. It also discusses extracting separate data items from the input String using a StringTokenizer and converting the items to primitive types using wrapper classes. An example is provided that reads numerical data from the keyboard as a String, uses StringTokenizer to separate the items, and wrapper classes to convert them to ints to calculate a result.
Java Evolution
Java was originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1991 under the name Oak as a language for programming consumer electronics. It was later renamed to Java and became best known as a language for developing applications and applets to run on web browsers over the Internet. Key features of Java include being platform-independent, object-oriented, robust, secure, and having a rich class library. Java applications are compiled to bytecode that runs on a Java Virtual Machine, allowing them to run on any platform that supports Java.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that disrupt normal program flow. Exceptions are represented as objects that can be thrown and caught. There are two main types of exceptions - checked exceptions which must be handled, and unchecked exceptions which do not require handling. The try, catch, and finally keywords are used to define exception handling blocks to catch exceptions and define error recovery. Custom exceptions can also be created by extending the Exception class.
This document provides an overview of data types, variables, and constants in Java. It discusses the primitive data types like int, float, boolean and char. It describes how to declare variables, assign values, and the rules for compatible data types. The document also covers strings, literals, escape sequences and constants. It explains implicit and explicit type casting, operator precedence and mixed-type arithmetic expressions. Finally, it provides an introduction to arrays, including how to declare, assign values to, and access array elements.
Trends Spotting Strategic foresight for tomorrow’s education systems - Debora...EduSkills OECD
Deborah Nusche, Senior Analyst, OECD presents at the OECD webinar 'Trends Spotting: Strategic foresight for tomorrow’s education systems' on 5 June 2025. You can check out the webinar on the website https://oecdedutoday.com/webinars/ Other speakers included: Deborah Nusche, Senior Analyst, OECD
Sophie Howe, Future Governance Adviser at the School of International Futures, first Future Generations Commissioner for Wales (2016-2023)
Davina Marie, Interdisciplinary Lead, Queens College London
Thomas Jørgensen, Director for Policy Coordination and Foresight at European University Association
Strengthened Senior High School - Landas Tool Kit.pptxSteffMusniQuiballo
Landas Tool Kit is a very helpful guide in guiding the Senior High School students on their SHS academic journey. It will pave the way on what curriculum exits will they choose and fit in.
Unit- 4 Biostatistics & Research Methodology.pdfKRUTIKA CHANNE
Blocking and confounding (when a third variable, or confounder, influences both the exposure and the outcome) system for Two-level factorials (a type of experimental design where each factor (independent variable) is investigated at only two levels, typically denoted as "high" and "low" or "+1" and "-1")
Regression modeling (statistical model that estimates the relationship between one dependent variable and one or more independent variables using a line): Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regression models
Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems: Statistical Analysis Using Excel, SPSS, MINITAB®️, DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS, R - Online Statistical Software to Industrial and Clinical trial approach
*Order Hemiptera:*
Hemiptera, commonly known as true bugs, is a large and diverse order of insects that includes cicadas, aphids, leafhoppers, and shield bugs. Characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts, Hemiptera feed on plant sap, other insects, or small animals. Many species are significant pests, while others are beneficial predators.
*Order Neuroptera:*
Neuroptera, also known as net-winged insects, is an order of insects that includes lacewings, antlions, and owlflies. Characterized by their delicate, net-like wing venation and large, often prominent eyes, Neuroptera are predators that feed on other insects, playing an important role in biological control. Many species have aquatic larvae, adding to their ecological diversity.
This presentation was provided by Nicole 'Nici" Pfeiffer of the Center for Open Science (COS), during the first session of our 2025 NISO training series "Secrets to Changing Behavior in Scholarly Communications." Session One was held June 5, 2025.
How to Configure Vendor Management in Lunch App of Odoo 18Celine George
The Vendor management in the Lunch app of Odoo 18 is the central hub for managing all aspects of the restaurants or caterers that provide food for your employees.
A short update and next week. I am writing both Session 9 and Orientation S1.
As a Guest Student,
You are now upgraded to Grad Level.
See Uploads for “Student Checkin” & “S8”. Thx.
Thank you for attending our workshops.
If you are new, do welcome.
Grad Students: I am planning a Reiki-Yoga Master Course (As a package). I’m Fusing both together.
This will include the foundation of each practice. Our Free Workshops can be used with any Reiki Yoga training package. Traditional Reiki does host rules and ethics. Its silent and within the JP Culture/Area/Training/Word of Mouth. It allows remote healing but there’s limits As practitioners and masters. We are not allowed to share certain secrets/tools. Some content is designed only for “Masters”. Some yoga are similar like the Kriya Yoga-Church (Vowed Lessons). We will review both Reiki and Yoga (Master tools) in the Course upcoming.
Session Practice, For Reference:
Before starting a session, Make sure to check your environment. Nothing stressful. Later, You can decorate a space as well.
Check the comfort level, any needed resources (Yoga/Reiki/Spa Props), or Meditation Asst?
Props can be oils, sage, incense, candles, crystals, pillows, blankets, yoga mat, any theme applies.
Select your comfort Pose. This can be standing, sitting, laying down, or a combination.
Monitor your breath. You can add exercises.
Add any mantras or affirmations. This does aid mind and spirit. It helps you to focus.
Also you can set intentions using a candle.
The Yoga-key is balancing mind, body, and spirit.
Finally, The Duration can be long or short.
Its a good session base for any style.
Next Week’s Focus:
A continuation of Intuition Development. We will review the Chakra System - Our temple. A misguided, misused situation lol. This will also serve Attunement later.
For Sponsor,
General updates,
& Donations:
Please visit:
https://ldmchapels.weebly.com
This presentation has been made keeping in mind the students of undergraduate and postgraduate level. To keep the facts in a natural form and to display the material in more detail, the help of various books, websites and online medium has been taken. Whatever medium the material or facts have been taken from, an attempt has been made by the presenter to give their reference at the end.
In the seventh century, the rule of Sindh state was in the hands of Rai dynasty. We know the names of five kings of this dynasty- Rai Divji, Rai Singhras, Rai Sahasi, Rai Sihras II and Rai Sahasi II. During the time of Rai Sihras II, Nimruz of Persia attacked Sindh and killed him. After the return of the Persians, Rai Sahasi II became the king. After killing him, one of his Brahmin ministers named Chach took over the throne. He married the widow of Rai Sahasi and became the ruler of entire Sindh by suppressing the rebellions of the governors.
Diptera: The Two-Winged Wonders, The Fly Squad: Order Diptera.pptxArshad Shaikh
Diptera, commonly known as flies, is a large and diverse order of insects that includes mosquitoes, midges, gnats, and horseflies. Characterized by a single pair of wings (hindwings are modified into balancing organs called halteres), Diptera are found in almost every environment and play important roles in ecosystems as pollinators, decomposers, and food sources. Some species, however, are significant pests and disease vectors, transmitting diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika virus.
RE-LIVE THE EUPHORIA!!!!
The Quiz club of PSGCAS brings to you a fun-filled breezy general quiz set from numismatics to sports to pop culture.
Re-live the Euphoria!!!
QM: Eiraiezhil R K,
BA Economics (2022-25),
The Quiz club of PSGCAS
Pests of Rice: Damage, Identification, Life history, and Management.pptxArshad Shaikh
Rice pests can significantly impact crop yield and quality. Major pests include the brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens), which transmits viruses like rice ragged stunt and grassy stunt; the yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas), whose larvae bore into stems causing deadhearts and whiteheads; and leaf folders (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), which feed on leaves reducing photosynthetic area. Other pests include rice weevils (Sitophilus oryzae) and gall midges (Orseolia oryzae). Effective management strategies are crucial to minimize losses.
Ray Dalio How Countries go Broke the Big CycleDadang Solihin
A complete and practical understanding of the Big Debt Cycle. A much more practical understanding of how supply and demand really work compared to the conventional economic thinking. A complete and practical understanding of the Overall Big Cycle, which is driven by the Big Debt Cycle and the other major cycles, including the big political cycle within countries that changes political orders and the big geopolitical cycle that changes world orders.
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION included definition, characteristics, nurse patient...parmarjuli1412
The document provides an overview of therapeutic communication, emphasizing its importance in nursing to address patient needs and establish effective relationships. THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION included some topics like introduction of COMMUNICATION, definition, types, process of communication, definition therapeutic communication, goal, techniques of therapeutic communication, non-therapeutic communication, few ways to improved therapeutic communication, characteristics of therapeutic communication, barrier of THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP, introduction of interpersonal relationship, types of IPR, elements/ dynamics of IPR, introduction of therapeutic nurse patient relationship, definition, purpose, elements/characteristics , and phases of therapeutic communication, definition of Johari window, uses, what actually model represent and its areas, THERAPEUTIC IMPASSES and its management in 5th semester Bsc. nursing and 2nd GNM students
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION included definition, characteristics, nurse patient...parmarjuli1412
Java Multi-threading programming
1. Multithreading Programming
Multithreading is conceptual programming where a
program (processes) are divided into two or more
subprograms (processes).
A thread is similar to program that has a single flow of
control
It has beginning , body , an end and executes command
Sequentially
Every program will have at least one thread.
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2. What are Threads?
A piece of code that run in concurrent with other
threads.
Each thread is a statically ordered sequence of
instructions.
Threads are being extensively used express
concurrency on both single and multiprocessors
machines.
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3. A single threaded program
class ABC
{
….
public void main(..)
{
…
..
}
}
begin
body
end
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4. A Multithreaded Program
Main Thread
Thread A Thread B Thread C
start start
start
Threads may switch or exchange data/results
Main Method
Module
SwitchingSwitching
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6. Thread Class
Multithreading System built upon Thread class it’s method,
it’s interface Runnable.
To create a new Thread , either extends Thread or
implement the Runnable interface
Thread class defines several Methods. Some of the method
are
1) getName() : Obtain a thread Name.
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7. Thread Class
2) getPriority() : Obtain a Thread Priority
3) isAlive() : Determine if the thread is still running
4) join() : Wait for thread to terminate.
5) run() : Entry point for the thread.
6) sleep() : Suspend a thread for a period of time.
7) start() : Start a thread by calling it’s run()
method
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8. Creating Thread
Java threads may be created by:
1. Extending Thread class
2. Implementing the Runnable interface
Java threads are managed by the JVM.
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9. 1. Extending Thread class
Declare a class as extending the Thread class
Create instance of that class
This class must override the run() method which is
entry point for the new thread.
It must also call start() to begin the execution of new
thread.
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10. Extending Thread class
Syntax
class MyThread extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
// thread body of execution
}
}
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11. Create a thread:
MyThread thr1 = new MyThread();
Start Execution of threads:
thr1.start();
Create and Execute:
new MyThread().start();
1.Extending Thread class
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12. The Main Thread
When Java Program start up one thread begins
immediately called Main Thread.
It can be control through a object Thread
For this obtain a reference to it by calling the method
currentThread() which is public static member of Thread
It’s General Form
static Thread CurrentThread()
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13. Life Cycle of Thread
13
new
runnable non-runnable
dead
wait()
sleep()
suspend()
blocked
notify()
slept
resume()
unblocked
start()
stop()
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14. 2: Threads by implementing Runnable interface
class MyThread implements Runnable
{
.....
public void run()
{
// thread body of execution
}
}
Creating Object:
MyThread myObject = new MyThread();
Creating Thread Object:
Thread thr1 = new Thread( myObject );
Start Execution:
thr1.start();
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15. An example
15
class MyThread implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println(" this thread is running ... ");
}
} // end class MyThread
class ThreadEx2
{
public static void main(String [] args ) {
Thread t = new Thread(new MyThread());
// due to implementing the Runnable interface
// I can call start(), and this will call run().
t.start();
} // end main()
} // end class ThreadEx2
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