Virtualization aware Java VM
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This document discusses optimizing Java applications in virtualized environments. It describes how virtualization impacts the Java Virtual Machine's view of resources and introduces several IBM technologies for making the JVM aware of its virtualized context, including MXBeans that provide information on the operating system, hypervisor, and guest operating system. A virtualization-aware JVM can better optimize resource usage and provide applications with virtualization data.
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- 1. © 2015 IBM Corporation IBM WebSphere Users Group 23rd March 2015 Virtualization Aware JVM Making the most of a virtualized environment Tim Ellison – Hursley labs
- 2. © 2015 IBM Corporation Important Disclaimers THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. WHILST EFFORTS WERE MADE TO VERIFY THE COMPLETENESS AND ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION, IT IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. ALL PERFORMANCE DATA INCLUDED IN THIS PRESENTATION HAVE BEEN GATHERED IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT. YOUR OWN TEST RESULTS MAY VARY BASED ON HARDWARE, SOFTWARE OR INFRASTRUCTURE DIFFERENCES. ALL DATA INCLUDED IN THIS PRESENTATION ARE MEANT TO BE USED ONLY AS A GUIDE. IN ADDITION, THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS BASED ON IBM’S CURRENT PRODUCT PLANS AND STRATEGY, WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE BY IBM, WITHOUT NOTICE. IBM AND ITS AFFILIATED COMPANIES SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF, OR OTHERWISE RELATED TO, THIS PRESENTATION OR ANY OTHER DOCUMENTATION. NOTHING CONTAINED IN THIS PRESENTATION IS INTENDED TO, OR SHALL HAVE THE EFFECT OF: - CREATING ANY WARRANT OR REPRESENTATION FROM IBM, ITS AFFILIATED COMPANIES OR ITS OR THEIR SUPPLIERS AND/OR LICENSORS 2
- 3. © 2015 IBM Corporation3 Goals of this talk Describe the impact of deep systems virtualization on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and Java Applications. Explain the benefits of making the JVM virtualization aware. Discuss techniques to optimize implementations for virtualized environments.
- 4. © 2015 IBM Corporation4 A stylized system environment Hardware OS JVM Middle-ware Application Proprietary CPU, Memory, IO designed for optimal performanceProprietary CPU, Memory, IO designed for optimal performance Drivers, APIs, abstractions for software developers Language virtual machine for portability and convenience Business function building blocks and capabilities Achieves a department or end user goal Workload
- 5. © 2015 IBM Corporation5 A data centre environment is no longer what it was... Hardware OS JVM Middle-ware Application Hardware OS JVM Middle-ware Application Hardware OS JVM Middle-ware Application Workload Workload Workload scaling Isolation Utilization
- 6. © 2015 IBM Corporation6 A data centre environment is no longer what it was... Hardware OS JVM Middle-ware Application Hardware Hypervisor Guest OS Guest OS JVM Middle-ware Application JVM Middle-ware Application JVM Middle-ware Application JVM Middle-ware Application Workload Workload Workload Workload lightweight containers Virtualized machine
- 7. © 2015 IBM Corporation7 Virtualization available at every layer Hardware Virtualization Helps pack in more applications compared to bare metal These provide very good isolation at a cost of duplication of services → Higher Overhead Usecase: Multiple customers can be hosted on the same infrastructure. OS Virtualization - Containers New light weight containers such as Docker, Warden, AIX WPAR, Solaris Containers provide basic isolation mechanism with very little overhead. Usecase: Multiple applications each running inside a container of its own for a single customer. Runtime Virtualization – Virtualization aware Java VM Runtime Virtualization increases the resources that can be shared while still offering reduced isolation. Usecase: Several instances of an application hosted on a single instance of Java for a single customer.
- 8. © 2015 IBM Corporation8 What does this virtualization story mean to the JVM ? Fixed view of hardware resources. JVM resources do not change during application life-cycle. Configuration usually determined at start-up, and doesn't change during the entire run. Resources are elastic. Hypervisors might “re-assign” resources based on need. Resource reporting APIs are unreliable ! Resources are shared, and limits can change dynamically.
- 9. © 2015 IBM Corporation9 Physical View vs. Logical View – “How many CPUs do I have?” Hypervisor 2 vCPUs 2 vCPUs 2 Cores OS OS Hypervisor 2 vCPUs 2 vCPUs 4 Cores OS OS 2 vCPUs OS CPU Entitlement = 1 CPU Entitlement = 0.8 CPU Entitlement = 0.2 CPU Entitlement = 2 CPU Entitlement = 2
- 10. © 2015 IBM Corporation10 Am I Real or Am I Virtual ?! Q. Do Java applications need to know if they are running inside a Guest OS ? A. Mostly No. Only a small class of applications benefit Resource Orchestrators and Load Balancers Monitoring tools Debuggers and RAS Tools Q. Does the JVM implementation need to know if it is running inside a Guest OS ? A. Absolutely Yes ! Manage Java resources based upon real physical resources. Provide virtualization info to applications.
- 11. © 2015 IBM Corporation11 Benefits of a virtualization aware JVM Make the most efficient use of resources in a virtualized environment. Propagate the knowledge up the software stack to enable load balancers to take appropriate decisions. Remove necessity for multiple middle-ware products to understand intricacies of hypervisors. Provide unified interface to be able to deal with a multitude of hypervisors.
- 12. © 2015 IBM Corporation12 IBM's JMX Beans for Virtualization com.ibm.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean – with IBM Extensions – Extended OS usage statistics – Logical view • Processor • Memory – OS Support: AIX, Linux, Windows and z/OS com.ibm.virtualization.management.HypervisorMXBean – Detect if we are running on a hypervisor. – Hypervisor Details (Currently only Vendor Name string) – Hypervisors Supported: z/VM, PR/SM, PowerVM, VMWare, KVM (x86 and Power), Hyper-V com.ibm.virtualization.management.GuestOSMXBean – Guest OS usage statistics as seen from the hypervisor – Physical View – Usage Statistics • Processor • Memory – AIX & Linux on PowerVM, Linux and Windows on VMWare, z/OS & zLinux on z/VM
- 13. © 2015 IBM Corporation13 JMX Beans for Virtualization Hardware OS JVM Middle-ware Application Hypervisor OS JVM Middle-ware Application OperatingSystemMXBean HypervisorMXBean & GuestOSMXBean
- 14. © 2015 IBM Corporation14 OperatingSystemMXBean – New APIs
- 15. © 2015 IBM Corporation15
- 16. © 2015 IBM Corporation16
- 17. © 2015 IBM Corporation17
- 18. © 2015 IBM Corporation18
- 19. © 2015 IBM Corporation19 GuestOSMXBean use-case – Tune internals of JVM & Websphere Hardware OS JVM Middle-ware Application Hypervisor OS JVM Middle-ware Application Determine Thread-pool size Tune GC & JIT parameters
- 20. © 2015 IBM Corporation20 OperatingSystemMXBean use-case – Load Balance JVM Instances Hardware Monitoring Agent OS JVM Middle-ware Application JVM Middle-ware Application JVM Middle-ware Application Spawn / destroy a JVM based on system load
- 21. © 2015 IBM Corporation21 Implementation Notes ■ The Beans are available in IBM Java SDK version 7.1 onwards ■ Hypervisor specific setup may be required to obtain usage data. – VMWare requires VMGuestLib to be installed (Is part of VMware tools) – Hypfs needs to be mounted on zLinux ■ Hypervisor detection known to fail on certain older Intel processors – IBM_JAVA_HYPERVISOR_SETTINGS environment variable can be used as a workaround – See javadoc for HypervisorMXBean for more details. ■ Some data may not be available on specific OS / Hypervisor combinations. – Javadoc should have all relevant info. ■ Currently only one level of hypervisor is supported. In case of multiple layers of hypervisor (e.g. on zSystems), only the top level hypervisor info is returned. ■ Javacore now contains virtualization info.
- 22. © 2015 IBM Corporation22 Additional virtualization optimizations
- 23. © 2015 IBM Corporation23 Dynamic Heap Adjustment (softmx) Xmx – absolute limit, fixed at startup Xsoftmx – soft limit <= -Xmx, set dynamically through JMX – Garbage collector tries to shrink to softmx over time – Once at target will not expand beyond it OS Interaction – JVM advises OS when memory freed – Effectiveness depends on OS support Use cases – Cap early, grow later – Shrink to free unused memory
- 24. © 2015 IBM Corporation24 What is your application doing when Idle ? Does your application use lots of CPU even when Idle ? Historically poor Java idle behavior causes CPU burn – Inefficient CPU usage in the Cloud • Starves other VM's / JVM instances – Increased client costs for CPU Usage • Especially so on zSystems Memory hoarding of Idle JVM's. – Reduce memory footprint when idle. • “Boilerplate” applications in Bluemix that are never used, but are taking up lots of memory. First step is to be able to measure precise JVM CPU usage
- 25. © 2015 IBM Corporation25 Application System-JVM Ability to categorize JVM threads for CPU usage Application-User1 Application Application -User2 App-User3 A-U4 Application-User5 GC JIT Other Sys CPUUsage Thread Groups Resource-Monitor
- 26. © 2015 IBM Corporation26 JvmCpuMonitorMXBean
- 27. © 2015 IBM Corporation27 JvmCpuMonitorInfo
- 28. © 2015 IBM Corporation28 Javacore info
- 29. © 2015 IBM Corporation29 Use Cases for Thread-based CPU Usage Reporting transaction CPU usage Identifying "expensive" transactions Reporting JVM overhead over specific intervals Foundation for future work on tracking idle behaviour … Available in IBM Java SDK version 8 onwards References ● http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSYKE2_8.0.0/com.ibm.java.api.80.doc/com.ibm.lang.management/com/ibm/lang/management/JvmCpuMonitorMXBean.html ● http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSYKE2_8.0.0/com.ibm.java.lnx.80.doc/diag/appendixes/cmdline/xxreducecpumonitoroverhead.html?lang=en
- 30. © 2015 IBM Corporation30 -Xtune:virtualized Available from Java 7 SR4 onwards. Reduces JVM CPU consumption when Idle (mostly JIT). Needs a large shared class cache to maintain peak performance. AOT space in the Shared Class Cache (SCC) must not be capped.
- 31. © 2015 IBM Corporation31 Summary Virtualization layers hide “real” resource information. JVM needs to know the underlying architecture at start time. – It then needs to periodically monitor for any changes. Applications can make use of the MBeans to do the same. Use only as much memory as you need. – Make use of SoftMX to reduce the heap dynamically. Idle detection and deep sleep helps cut costs. – Use MXBean to monitor Idle behaviour.
- 32. © 2015 IBM Corporation32 Copyright and Trademarks © IBM Corporation 2015. All Rights Reserved. IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., and registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the Web – see the IBM “Copyright and trademark information” page at URL: www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml