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JAX London 2015: Java vs Nodejs

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Chris Bailey

The document compares Java and Node.js in the context of enterprise web applications, highlighting the trends, performance, and scalability of each language. Java is well-established in server-side applications, while Node.js offers benefits like lower development effort and higher concurrency through non-blocking I/O. Java maintains a strong presence in enterprise environments, while JavaScript, including Node.js, is increasingly adopted due to a robust developer base and efficient module systems.

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© 2015 IBM Corporation1 Java vs Node.js For Enterprise Web Applications Chris Bailey IBM Runtime Technologies
© 2015 IBM Corporation2 What Languages do you use? Java JavaScript Both 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 PercentageofAudience
© 2015 IBM Corporation3 What Runtimes do you use? Server Java Applets JS in Browser Node.js Rhino Nashorn Avatar.js 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 PercentageofAudience
© 2015 IBM Corporation4 4 Chris Bailey IBM Runtime Monitoring and Diagnostics Architect –14 years working with Java and JVM technologies –14 months working with Node.js and V8 Current Role(s): –IBM Java monitoring and diagnostics –Node Application Metrics project lead Node Foundation Member Benchmarking and Performance WGs JavaOne RockStar Author on performance and memory analysis baileyc@uk.ibm.com chrisbaileyibm cnbailey @seabaylea @Chris__Bailey
© 2015 IBM Corporation5  Language Adoption  Deployment Modes  Code Development  Scalability  WebApplication Performance  Under the Hood  Enterprise Architectures Agenda
© 2015 IBM Corporation6 6 Language Adoption
© 2015 IBM Corporation7 GitHub Adoption: Java
© 2015 IBM Corporation8 GitHub Adoption: JavaScript
© 2015 IBM Corporation9 modulecounts.com
© 2015 IBM Corporation10 StackOverflow User Survey
© 2015 IBM Corporation11 Ratings based on the number of skilled engineers, courses and third party vendors. Tiobe Community Programming Index
© 2015 IBM Corporation12 Indeed.com Job Trends: Java
© 2015 IBM Corporation13 Indeed.com Job Trends: JavaScript
© 2015 IBM Corporation14 Indeed.com Job Trends Java JavaScript
© 2015 IBM Corporation15  JavaScript has a large developer base - #1 on GitHub with 45% more active repositories than Java - #1 on modulecounts.com with 29% more NPM modules than Maven - #1 used language by StackOverflow survey responders - #6 language on the Tiobe index  Java remains huge, particularly in the enterprise and on the server - #2 on GitHub with 52% more active repositories than the next language - #3 on modulecounts with 73.8% more modules than the next language - #2 language on the Tiobe index - #1 on indeed.com for developer jobs Language Adoption
© 2015 IBM Corporation16 Deployment Modes
© 2015 IBM Corporation17  JavaScript is ubiquitous in the browser - Supported in every browser - Integration with HTML and CSS  JavaScript is not affected by negative publicity.... Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers, disable it as described below, even after updating to 7u11. This will help mitigate other Java vulnerabilities that may be discovered in the future. This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be discovered. To defend against this and future Java vulnerabilities, consider disabling Java in web browsers… Usage in the browser
© 2015 IBM Corporation18  Java has a long history on the server - JPE launched in 1998  Java has rich platform support: - Linux x86, Linux POWER, zLinux - Windows, Mac OS, Solaris, AIX, z/OS  JavaScript is a nascent language on the server - Limited platform support – although its growing - No API support to interact with the OS  Part of the browser security model - Frameworks like Node.js have changed that. Usage on the server
© 2015 IBM Corporation19  Single Threaded Event based JavaScript framework – Uses non-blocking asynchronous I/O  Wraps the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine with I/O interfaces – Libuv provides interaction with OS/system  Designed to build scalable network applications – Suited for real time delivery of data to distributed client  Available on a wide set of platforms: - Linux on x86, ARM, Power and Z - Windows, Mac OS, Solaris, SmartOS and AIX libuvV8 Node Bindings Node Standard Library C JavaScript Server Side JavaScript: Node.js
© 2015 IBM Corporation20 Anatomy of a Node.js application 1. package.json – Tracks properties, dependencies, version info, commands, etc. 2. JavaScript source files (i.e. app.js) •To install and execute: > npm install > node app.js 20
© 2015 IBM Corporation21 Code Development
© 2015 IBM Corporation22 var cluster = require('cluster'); var cpus = require('os').cpus().length; var http = require('http'); if (cluster.isMaster) { for (var i = 0; i < cpus; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function(worker) { console.log("Worker" + worker.pid + "died"); }); } else { http.createServer(function(request, response) { response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("Hello World!n"); response.end(); }).listen(8080); } HTTP Server Example
© 2015 IBM Corporation23 var cluster = require('cluster'); var cpus = require('os').cpus().length; var http = require('http'); if (cluster.isMaster) { for (var i = 0; i < cpus; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function(worker) { console.log("Worker" + worker.pid + "died"); }); } else { http.createServer(function(request, response) { response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("Hello World!n"); response.end(); }).listen(8080); } Clustered HTTP Server Example
© 2015 IBM Corporation24 Writing Node.js Code CodeVolumeRelativetoJava * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks Node.js Development Effort (lower is better) - 3x *or other transactional service
© 2015 IBM Corporation25 Writing Node.js Code regex-dna Spectral-norm fannkuch-redux fasta k-nucleotide Binary-trees n-body Reverse-complement CodeVolumeRelativetoJava * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks Node.js Development Effort (lower is better) - 3x Avg 1/3rd less code *or other transactional service
© 2015 IBM Corporation26 Writing Node.js Code regex-dna Spectral-norm fannkuch-redux fasta k-nucleotide Binary-trees n-body Reverse-complement CodeVolumeRelativetoJava * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks Node.js Development Effort (lower is better) - 3x ● Node.js has higher developer productivity Many applications developed with significantly less code ● Rich module system simplifies development Reduces need to develop custom code Avg 1/3rd less code *or other transactional service
© 2015 IBM Corporation27 Scalability
© 2015 IBM Corporation28  One thread (or process) per connection - Each thread waits on a response - Scalability determined by the number of threads  Each thread: - consumes memory - is relatively idle  Number of concurrent customers determined by number of depot workers  Additional customers wait in a queue with no response Typical approach to I/O
© 2015 IBM Corporation29  One thread multiplexes for multiple requests - No waiting for a response - Handles return from I/O when notified  Scalability determined by: - CPU usage - “Back end” responsiveness  Number of concurrent customers determined by how fast the food Server can work  Or until the kitchen gets slammed Asycnhronous Non-Blocking I/O
© 2015 IBM Corporation30  JavaScript is already event based in the browser - eg. onClick and onMouseOver events  First class functions and closures fit well with events - Easy to create and pass function callbacks - Easy to execute callbacks in the context of the event  Node.js execution is based on an event loop - Asynchronous I/O built in from the ground up  Node.js execution uses a single thread - No need to worry about locking or shared data - Most machines are now multi-CPU, so cluster capabilities are provided JavaScript and Asynchronous I/O
© 2015 IBM Corporation31 var http = require('http'); var server = http.createServer(); server.listen(8080); server.on('request', function(request, response) { response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("Hello World!n"); response.end(); }); server.on('connection', function(socket) {}); server.on('close', function() {}); server.on('connect', function(socket) {}); server.on('upgrade', function(request, socket, head) {}); server.on('clientError', function(exception, socket) {}); Event based programming
© 2015 IBM Corporation32 WebApp Performance
© 2015 IBM Corporation33  JSON serialization of a newly instantiated object  Maps - Key of message - Value of Hello, World!  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) JSON Serialization
© 2015 IBM Corporation34  JSON serialization of a newly instantiated object  Maps - Key of message - Value of Hello, World!  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) JSON Serialization JavaScript Java
© 2015 IBM Corporation35 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -75 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization %ageofJavaPerformance
© 2015 IBM Corporation36  Fetches single row from simple database table  Row serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Single Query
© 2015 IBM Corporation37  Fetches single row from simple database table  Row serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Single Query JavaScript Java
© 2015 IBM Corporation38 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -60.5 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query %ageofJavaPerformance
© 2015 IBM Corporation39  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Rows serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Multiple Queries
© 2015 IBM Corporation40  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Rows serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Multiple Queries JavaScript Java
© 2015 IBM Corporation41 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -18 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries %ageofJavaPerformance
© 2015 IBM Corporation42  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Converts rows to objects and modifies one attribute of each object  Updates each associated row and serializes as JSON  Example Response: Data Updates Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01)
© 2015 IBM Corporation43  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Converts rows to objects and modifies one attribute of each object  Updates each associated row and serializes as JSON  Example Response: Data Updates Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) JavaScript Java
© 2015 IBM Corporation44 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 28 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries Data Updates %ageofJavaPerformance
© 2015 IBM Corporation45  Computation speed is (much) slower than Java  I/O speed is higher than Java JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -75 -60.5 -18 28 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries Data Updates %ageofJavaPerformance More Computation More I/O
© 2015 IBM Corporation46 JavaScript on the JVM?
© 2015 IBM Corporation47 Nashorn and Avatar.js  Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 – Utilizes new JVM level features for performance  Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn
© 2015 IBM Corporation48 Nashorn and Avatar.js  Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 – Utilizes new JVM level features for performance  Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn  Results of “Octane” JavaScript benchmark*: – Node.js is 4.8x faster – Avatar.js is >10x larger * Using Java 8 pre-u20
© 2015 IBM Corporation49 Nashorn and Avatar.js  Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 – Utilizes new JVM level features for performance  Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn  Results of “Octane” JavaScript benchmark*: – Node.js is 4.8x faster – Avatar.js is >10x larger * Using Java 8 pre-u40 Feb 12th , 2015: Avatar is “put on hold” https://blogs.oracle.com/theaquarium/entry/project_avatar_update
© 2015 IBM Corporation50 JavaScript Performance Under the Hood
© 2015 IBM Corporation51  Dynamic nature of JavaScript makes JIT optimizations more difficult – Any variable could be a function or data – Variables must be tested to determine how to handle handle them – Variables can change, so what worked previously many not apply in future  Example: the use of '+': • number + number → addition • string involved? → concatenation • objects involved? → convert to primitives then addition or concatenation • Functions involved? → ? JIT Compilation
© 2015 IBM Corporation52 Execution flow for '+' operator int a int b int c = a + b Addition Return Result Java
© 2015 IBM Corporation53 Execution flow for '+' operator int a int b int c = a + b Addition Return Result var a var b var c = a + b First Time? NO Use Previous Types Worked? Return Result YES Type of A? NO YES Type of B?String Concatenate String or Number Number Type of B? Number Addition UndefinedString Java JavaScript
© 2015 IBM Corporation54  Dynamically typed languages are harder to manage under the hood  They subsequently have lower runtime performance for computational tasks  Highlighted in TechEmpower benchmarks: Dynamically vs Statically Types Languages -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Dynamic vs Statically Typed Language Performance JSON Single Multi Updates Bestdynamiccomparedtobeststaticasbaseline
© 2015 IBM Corporation55 Writing Node.js Code
© 2015 IBM Corporation56 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation57 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation58 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation59 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation60 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation61 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation62 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation63 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation64 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation65 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation66 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation67 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
© 2015 IBM Corporation68 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
© 2015 IBM Corporation69 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-5' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
© 2015 IBM Corporation70 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
© 2015 IBM Corporation71 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
© 2015 IBM Corporation72 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
© 2015 IBM Corporation73 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
© 2015 IBM Corporation74 (Micro)Service Topologies
© 2015 IBM Corporation75 Enterprise Application Platform – Web Applications Operations and Management Admin Analytics LoadBalancer LoadBalancer HTTP Monitoring ScalingAnalytics Diagnostics
© 2015 IBM Corporation76 Questions
© 2015 IBM Corporation77

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JAX London 2015: Java vs Nodejs

  • 1. © 2015 IBM Corporation1 Java vs Node.js For Enterprise Web Applications Chris Bailey IBM Runtime Technologies
  • 2. © 2015 IBM Corporation2 What Languages do you use? Java JavaScript Both 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 PercentageofAudience
  • 3. © 2015 IBM Corporation3 What Runtimes do you use? Server Java Applets JS in Browser Node.js Rhino Nashorn Avatar.js 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 PercentageofAudience
  • 4. © 2015 IBM Corporation4 4 Chris Bailey IBM Runtime Monitoring and Diagnostics Architect –14 years working with Java and JVM technologies –14 months working with Node.js and V8 Current Role(s): –IBM Java monitoring and diagnostics –Node Application Metrics project lead Node Foundation Member Benchmarking and Performance WGs JavaOne RockStar Author on performance and memory analysis [email protected] chrisbaileyibm cnbailey @seabaylea @Chris__Bailey
  • 5. © 2015 IBM Corporation5  Language Adoption  Deployment Modes  Code Development  Scalability  WebApplication Performance  Under the Hood  Enterprise Architectures Agenda
  • 6. © 2015 IBM Corporation6 6 Language Adoption
  • 7. © 2015 IBM Corporation7 GitHub Adoption: Java
  • 8. © 2015 IBM Corporation8 GitHub Adoption: JavaScript
  • 9. © 2015 IBM Corporation9 modulecounts.com
  • 10. © 2015 IBM Corporation10 StackOverflow User Survey
  • 11. © 2015 IBM Corporation11 Ratings based on the number of skilled engineers, courses and third party vendors. Tiobe Community Programming Index
  • 12. © 2015 IBM Corporation12 Indeed.com Job Trends: Java
  • 13. © 2015 IBM Corporation13 Indeed.com Job Trends: JavaScript
  • 14. © 2015 IBM Corporation14 Indeed.com Job Trends Java JavaScript
  • 15. © 2015 IBM Corporation15  JavaScript has a large developer base - #1 on GitHub with 45% more active repositories than Java - #1 on modulecounts.com with 29% more NPM modules than Maven - #1 used language by StackOverflow survey responders - #6 language on the Tiobe index  Java remains huge, particularly in the enterprise and on the server - #2 on GitHub with 52% more active repositories than the next language - #3 on modulecounts with 73.8% more modules than the next language - #2 language on the Tiobe index - #1 on indeed.com for developer jobs Language Adoption
  • 16. © 2015 IBM Corporation16 Deployment Modes
  • 17. © 2015 IBM Corporation17  JavaScript is ubiquitous in the browser - Supported in every browser - Integration with HTML and CSS  JavaScript is not affected by negative publicity.... Unless it is absolutely necessary to run Java in web browsers, disable it as described below, even after updating to 7u11. This will help mitigate other Java vulnerabilities that may be discovered in the future. This and previous Java vulnerabilities have been widely targeted by attackers, and new Java vulnerabilities are likely to be discovered. To defend against this and future Java vulnerabilities, consider disabling Java in web browsers… Usage in the browser
  • 18. © 2015 IBM Corporation18  Java has a long history on the server - JPE launched in 1998  Java has rich platform support: - Linux x86, Linux POWER, zLinux - Windows, Mac OS, Solaris, AIX, z/OS  JavaScript is a nascent language on the server - Limited platform support – although its growing - No API support to interact with the OS  Part of the browser security model - Frameworks like Node.js have changed that. Usage on the server
  • 19. © 2015 IBM Corporation19  Single Threaded Event based JavaScript framework – Uses non-blocking asynchronous I/O  Wraps the Chrome V8 JavaScript engine with I/O interfaces – Libuv provides interaction with OS/system  Designed to build scalable network applications – Suited for real time delivery of data to distributed client  Available on a wide set of platforms: - Linux on x86, ARM, Power and Z - Windows, Mac OS, Solaris, SmartOS and AIX libuvV8 Node Bindings Node Standard Library C JavaScript Server Side JavaScript: Node.js
  • 20. © 2015 IBM Corporation20 Anatomy of a Node.js application 1. package.json – Tracks properties, dependencies, version info, commands, etc. 2. JavaScript source files (i.e. app.js) •To install and execute: > npm install > node app.js 20
  • 21. © 2015 IBM Corporation21 Code Development
  • 22. © 2015 IBM Corporation22 var cluster = require('cluster'); var cpus = require('os').cpus().length; var http = require('http'); if (cluster.isMaster) { for (var i = 0; i < cpus; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function(worker) { console.log("Worker" + worker.pid + "died"); }); } else { http.createServer(function(request, response) { response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("Hello World!n"); response.end(); }).listen(8080); } HTTP Server Example
  • 23. © 2015 IBM Corporation23 var cluster = require('cluster'); var cpus = require('os').cpus().length; var http = require('http'); if (cluster.isMaster) { for (var i = 0; i < cpus; i++) { cluster.fork(); } cluster.on('death', function(worker) { console.log("Worker" + worker.pid + "died"); }); } else { http.createServer(function(request, response) { response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("Hello World!n"); response.end(); }).listen(8080); } Clustered HTTP Server Example
  • 24. © 2015 IBM Corporation24 Writing Node.js Code CodeVolumeRelativetoJava * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks Node.js Development Effort (lower is better) - 3x *or other transactional service
  • 25. © 2015 IBM Corporation25 Writing Node.js Code regex-dna Spectral-norm fannkuch-redux fasta k-nucleotide Binary-trees n-body Reverse-complement CodeVolumeRelativetoJava * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks Node.js Development Effort (lower is better) - 3x Avg 1/3rd less code *or other transactional service
  • 26. © 2015 IBM Corporation26 Writing Node.js Code regex-dna Spectral-norm fannkuch-redux fasta k-nucleotide Binary-trees n-body Reverse-complement CodeVolumeRelativetoJava * based on benchmarksgame benchmarks Node.js Development Effort (lower is better) - 3x ● Node.js has higher developer productivity Many applications developed with significantly less code ● Rich module system simplifies development Reduces need to develop custom code Avg 1/3rd less code *or other transactional service
  • 27. © 2015 IBM Corporation27 Scalability
  • 28. © 2015 IBM Corporation28  One thread (or process) per connection - Each thread waits on a response - Scalability determined by the number of threads  Each thread: - consumes memory - is relatively idle  Number of concurrent customers determined by number of depot workers  Additional customers wait in a queue with no response Typical approach to I/O
  • 29. © 2015 IBM Corporation29  One thread multiplexes for multiple requests - No waiting for a response - Handles return from I/O when notified  Scalability determined by: - CPU usage - “Back end” responsiveness  Number of concurrent customers determined by how fast the food Server can work  Or until the kitchen gets slammed Asycnhronous Non-Blocking I/O
  • 30. © 2015 IBM Corporation30  JavaScript is already event based in the browser - eg. onClick and onMouseOver events  First class functions and closures fit well with events - Easy to create and pass function callbacks - Easy to execute callbacks in the context of the event  Node.js execution is based on an event loop - Asynchronous I/O built in from the ground up  Node.js execution uses a single thread - No need to worry about locking or shared data - Most machines are now multi-CPU, so cluster capabilities are provided JavaScript and Asynchronous I/O
  • 31. © 2015 IBM Corporation31 var http = require('http'); var server = http.createServer(); server.listen(8080); server.on('request', function(request, response) { response.writeHead(200, {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}); response.write("Hello World!n"); response.end(); }); server.on('connection', function(socket) {}); server.on('close', function() {}); server.on('connect', function(socket) {}); server.on('upgrade', function(request, socket, head) {}); server.on('clientError', function(exception, socket) {}); Event based programming
  • 32. © 2015 IBM Corporation32 WebApp Performance
  • 33. © 2015 IBM Corporation33  JSON serialization of a newly instantiated object  Maps - Key of message - Value of Hello, World!  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) JSON Serialization
  • 34. © 2015 IBM Corporation34  JSON serialization of a newly instantiated object  Maps - Key of message - Value of Hello, World!  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) JSON Serialization JavaScript Java
  • 35. © 2015 IBM Corporation35 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -75 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization %ageofJavaPerformance
  • 36. © 2015 IBM Corporation36  Fetches single row from simple database table  Row serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Single Query
  • 37. © 2015 IBM Corporation37  Fetches single row from simple database table  Row serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Single Query JavaScript Java
  • 38. © 2015 IBM Corporation38 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -60.5 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query %ageofJavaPerformance
  • 39. © 2015 IBM Corporation39  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Rows serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Multiple Queries
  • 40. © 2015 IBM Corporation40  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Rows serialized as JSON  Example response: Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) Multiple Queries JavaScript Java
  • 41. © 2015 IBM Corporation41 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -18 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries %ageofJavaPerformance
  • 42. © 2015 IBM Corporation42  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Converts rows to objects and modifies one attribute of each object  Updates each associated row and serializes as JSON  Example Response: Data Updates Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01)
  • 43. © 2015 IBM Corporation43  Fetches multiple rows from a simple database table  Converts rows to objects and modifies one attribute of each object  Updates each associated row and serializes as JSON  Example Response: Data Updates Results from TechEmpower.com Round 9 tests (2014-05-01) JavaScript Java
  • 44. © 2015 IBM Corporation44 JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 28 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries Data Updates %ageofJavaPerformance
  • 45. © 2015 IBM Corporation45  Computation speed is (much) slower than Java  I/O speed is higher than Java JavaScript WebApp Performance -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 -75 -60.5 -18 28 Node.js Performance (Compared to Java) JSON Serialization Single Query Multiple Queries Data Updates %ageofJavaPerformance More Computation More I/O
  • 46. © 2015 IBM Corporation46 JavaScript on the JVM?
  • 47. © 2015 IBM Corporation47 Nashorn and Avatar.js  Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 – Utilizes new JVM level features for performance  Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn
  • 48. © 2015 IBM Corporation48 Nashorn and Avatar.js  Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 – Utilizes new JVM level features for performance  Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn  Results of “Octane” JavaScript benchmark*: – Node.js is 4.8x faster – Avatar.js is >10x larger * Using Java 8 pre-u20
  • 49. © 2015 IBM Corporation49 Nashorn and Avatar.js  Nashorn JavaScript engine delivered in JDK8 – Utilizes new JVM level features for performance  Avatar.js provides Node.js support on Nashorn  Results of “Octane” JavaScript benchmark*: – Node.js is 4.8x faster – Avatar.js is >10x larger * Using Java 8 pre-u40 Feb 12th , 2015: Avatar is “put on hold” https://blogs.oracle.com/theaquarium/entry/project_avatar_update
  • 50. © 2015 IBM Corporation50 JavaScript Performance Under the Hood
  • 51. © 2015 IBM Corporation51  Dynamic nature of JavaScript makes JIT optimizations more difficult – Any variable could be a function or data – Variables must be tested to determine how to handle handle them – Variables can change, so what worked previously many not apply in future  Example: the use of '+': • number + number → addition • string involved? → concatenation • objects involved? → convert to primitives then addition or concatenation • Functions involved? → ? JIT Compilation
  • 52. © 2015 IBM Corporation52 Execution flow for '+' operator int a int b int c = a + b Addition Return Result Java
  • 53. © 2015 IBM Corporation53 Execution flow for '+' operator int a int b int c = a + b Addition Return Result var a var b var c = a + b First Time? NO Use Previous Types Worked? Return Result YES Type of A? NO YES Type of B?String Concatenate String or Number Number Type of B? Number Addition UndefinedString Java JavaScript
  • 54. © 2015 IBM Corporation54  Dynamically typed languages are harder to manage under the hood  They subsequently have lower runtime performance for computational tasks  Highlighted in TechEmpower benchmarks: Dynamically vs Statically Types Languages -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Dynamic vs Statically Typed Language Performance JSON Single Multi Updates Bestdynamiccomparedtobeststaticasbaseline
  • 55. © 2015 IBM Corporation55 Writing Node.js Code
  • 56. © 2015 IBM Corporation56 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 57. © 2015 IBM Corporation57 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 58. © 2015 IBM Corporation58 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 59. © 2015 IBM Corporation59 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 60. © 2015 IBM Corporation60 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 61. © 2015 IBM Corporation61 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 62. © 2015 IBM Corporation62 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 63. © 2015 IBM Corporation63 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 64. © 2015 IBM Corporation64 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 65. © 2015 IBM Corporation65 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 66. © 2015 IBM Corporation66 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 67. © 2015 IBM Corporation67 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' – 3 2 // Weak typing, implicit conversion > '5' + 3 '53' // ...but not consistent > '5' – '4' 1 // String minus String = Integer?? > '5' + + '4' 54 // Multiple +'s are ok > 'Hello' + 'World' 'HelloWorld' // Ok, that's expected > 'Hello' + + 'World' 'HelloNaN' // ...but that isn't
  • 68. © 2015 IBM Corporation68 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
  • 69. © 2015 IBM Corporation69 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-5' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
  • 70. © 2015 IBM Corporation70 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
  • 71. © 2015 IBM Corporation71 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
  • 72. © 2015 IBM Corporation72 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
  • 73. © 2015 IBM Corporation73 Not So Easy: JavaScript Syntax Fun > '5' + - '5' '5-2' // I can just about see that works > var x = 3 undefined > '5' – x + x 5 // Ok, that makes sense > var x = 3 undefined > '5' + x - x 50 // What???
  • 74. © 2015 IBM Corporation74 (Micro)Service Topologies
  • 75. © 2015 IBM Corporation75 Enterprise Application Platform – Web Applications Operations and Management Admin Analytics LoadBalancer LoadBalancer HTTP Monitoring ScalingAnalytics Diagnostics
  • 76. © 2015 IBM Corporation76 Questions
  • 77. © 2015 IBM Corporation77