![Array
• Arrays are ordered sequences of
values
• Arrays are wrapped in []
• , separates values
• JSON does not talk about
indexing.
An implementation can start array
indexing at 0 or 1.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-24-320.jpg)
![Array
[ ]
value
array
,](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-25-320.jpg)
![Array
["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday",
"Wednesday", "Thursday",
"Friday", "Saturday"]
[
[0, -1, 0],
[1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1]
]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-26-320.jpg)
![supplant
String.prototype.supplant = function (o) {
return this.replace(/{([^{}]*)}/g,
function (a, b) {
var r = o[b];
return typeof r === 'string' ?
r : a;
}
);
};](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-45-320.jpg)
![JSONT
var rules = {
self:
'<svg><{closed} stroke="{color}" points="{points}" /></svg>',
closed: function (x) {return x ? 'polygon' : 'polyline';},
'points[*][*]': '{$} '
};
var data = {
"color": "blue",
"closed": true,
"points": [[10,10], [20,10], [20,20], [10,20]]
};
jsonT(data, rules)
<svg><polygon stroke="blue"
points="10 10 20 10 20 20 10 20 " /></svg>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-46-320.jpg)
![http://goessner.net/articles/jsont/
function jsonT(self, rules) {
var T = {
output: false,
init: function () {
for (var rule in rules) if (rule.substr(0,4) != "self") rules["self." + rule] = rules[rule];
return this;
},
apply: function(expr) {
var trf = function (s) {
return s.replace(/{([A-Za-z0-9_$.[]'@()]+)}/g, function ($0, $1){
return T.processArg($1, expr);
})
}, x = expr.replace(/[[0-9]+]/g, "[*]"), res;
if (x in rules) {
if (typeof(rules[x]) == "string") res = trf(rules[x]);
else if (typeof(rules[x]) == "function") res = trf(rules[x](eval(expr)).toString());
} else res = T.eval(expr);
return res;
},
processArg: function (arg, parentExpr) {
var expand = function (a, e) {
return (e = a.replace(/^$/,e)).substr(0, 4) != "self" ? ("self." + e) : e;
}, res = "";
T.output = true;
if (arg.charAt(0) == "@") res = eval(arg.replace(/@([A-za-z0-9_]+)(([A-Za-z0-9_$.[]']+))/, function($0, $1, $2){
return "rules['self." + $1 + "'](" + expand($2,parentExpr) + ")";
}));
else if (arg != "$") res = T.apply(expand(arg, parentExpr));
else res = T.eval(parentExpr);
T.output = false;
return res;
},
eval: function (expr) {
var v = eval(expr), res = "";
if (typeof(v) != "undefined") {
if (v instanceof Array) {
for (var i = 0; i < v.length; i++) if (typeof(v[i]) != "undefined") res += T.apply(expr + "[" + i + "]");
} else if (typeof(v) == "object") {
for (var m in v) if (typeof(v[m]) != "undefined") res += T.apply(expr+"."+m);
} else if (T.output) res += v;
}
return res;
}
};
return T.init().apply("self");
}](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-47-320.jpg)
![Namespace
{"section":
"title": "Book-Signing Event",
"signing": [
{
"author": { "title": "Mr", "name": "Vikram Seth" },
"book": { "title": "A Suitable Boy",
"price": "$22.95" }
}, {
"author": { "title": "Dr", "name": "Oliver Sacks" },
"book": { "title": "The Island of the Color-Blind",
"price": "$12.95" }
}
]
}}
• section.title
• section.signing[0].author.title
• section.signing[1].book.title](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-53-320.jpg)
![JSON Is Not XML
• objects
• arrays
• strings
• numbers
• booleans
• null
• element
• attribute
• attribute string
• content
• <![CDATA[ ]]>
• entities
• declarations
• schema
• stylesheets
• comments
• version
• namespace](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/json-240326100202-259fa2ea/85/json-ppt-download-for-free-for-college-project-56-320.jpg)
json.ppt download for free for college project
- 1. JSON The x in Ajax Douglas Crockford Yahoo! Inc.
- 2. YAHOO IS HIRING DEVELOPERS Ajax, PHP, DHTML/XHTML, Javascript, CSS, Actionscript / Flash Josie Aguada [email protected]
- 3. Data Interchange • The key idea in Ajax. • An alternative to page replacement. • Applications delivered as pages. • How should the data be delivered?
- 4. History of Data Formats • Ad Hoc • Database Model • Document Model • Programming Language Model
- 5. JSON • JavaScript Object Notation • Minimal • Textual • Subset of JavaScript
- 6. JSON • A Subset of ECMA-262 Third Edition. • Language Independent. • Text-based. • Light-weight. • Easy to parse.
- 7. JSON Is Not... • JSON is not a document format. • JSON is not a markup language. • JSON is not a general serialization format. No cyclical/recurring structures. No invisible structures. No functions.
- 8. History • 1999 ECMAScript Third Edition • 2001 State Software, Inc. • 2002 JSON.org • 2005 Ajax • 2006 RFC 4627
- 9. Languages • Chinese • English • French • German • Italian • Japanese • Korean
- 10. Languages • ActionScript • C / C++ • C# • Cold Fusion • Delphi • E • Erlang • Java • Lisp • Perl • Objective-C • Objective CAML • PHP • Python • Rebol • Ruby • Scheme • Squeak
- 11. Object Quasi-Literals • JavaScript • Python • NewtonScript
- 12. Values • Strings • Numbers • Booleans • Objects • Arrays • null
- 14. Strings • Sequence of 0 or more Unicode characters • No separate character type A character is represented as a string with a length of 1 • Wrapped in "double quotes" • Backslash escapement
- 15. String string " Any UNICODE character except " or or control character " quotation mark reverse solidus / solidus b backspace formfeed newline carriage return horizontal tab 4 hexadecimal digits f n r t u "
- 16. Numbers • Integer • Real • Scientific • No octal or hex • No NaN or Infinity Use null instead
- 19. null • A value that isn't anything
- 20. Object • Objects are unordered containers of key/value pairs • Objects are wrapped in { } • , separates key/value pairs • : separates keys and values • Keys are strings • Values are JSON values struct, record, hashtable, object
- 22. Object {"name":"Jack B. Nimble","at large": true,"grade":"A","level":3, "format":{"type":"rect","width":1920, "height":1080,"interlace":false, "framerate":24}}
- 23. Object { "name": "Jack B. Nimble", "at large": true, "grade": "A", "format": { "type": "rect", "width": 1920, "height": 1080, "interlace": false, "framerate": 24 } }
- 24. Array • Arrays are ordered sequences of values • Arrays are wrapped in [] • , separates values • JSON does not talk about indexing. An implementation can start array indexing at 0 or 1.
- 26. Array ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"] [ [0, -1, 0], [1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1] ]
- 27. Arrays vs Objects • Use objects when the key names are arbitrary strings. • Use arrays when the key names are sequential integers. • Don't get confused by the term Associative Array.
- 29. Character Encoding • Strictly UNICODE. • Default: UTF-8. • UTF-16 and UTF-32 are allowed.
- 30. Versionless • JSON has no version number. • No revisions to the JSON grammar are anticipated. • JSON is very stable.
- 31. Rules • A JSON decoder must accept all well-formed JSON text. • A JSON decoder may also accept non-JSON text. • A JSON encoder must only produce well-formed JSON text. • Be conservative in what you do, be liberal in what you accept from others.
- 32. Supersets • YAML is a superset of JSON. A YAML decoder is a JSON decoder. • JavaScript is a superset of JSON. A JavaScript compiler is a JSON decoder. • New programming languages based on JSON.
- 33. JSON is the X in Ajax
- 34. JSON in Ajax • HTML Delivery. • JSON data is built into the page. <html>... <script> var data = { ... JSONdata ... }; </script>... </html>
- 35. JSON in Ajax • XMLHttpRequest Obtain responseText Parse the responseText responseData = eval( '(' + responseText + ')'); responseData = responseText.parseJSON();
- 36. JSON in Ajax • Is it safe to use eval with XMLHttpRequest? • The JSON data comes from the same server that vended the page. eval of the data is no less secure than the original html. • If in doubt, use string.parseJSON instead of eval.
- 37. JSON in Ajax • Secret <iframe> • Request data using form.submit to the <iframe> target. • The server sends the JSON text embedded in a script in a document. <html><head><script> document.domain = 'penzance.com'; parent.deliver({ ... JSONtext ... }); </script></head></html> • The function deliver is passed the value.
- 38. JSON in Ajax • Dynamic script tag hack. • Create a script node. The src url makes the request. • The server sends the JSON text embedded in a script. deliver({ ... JSONtext ... }); • The function deliver is passed the value. • The dynamic script tag hack is insecure.
- 39. JSONRequest • A new facility. • Two way data interchange between any page and any server. • Exempt from the Same Origin Policy. • Campaign to make a standard feature of all browsers.
- 40. JSONRequest function done(requestNr, value, exception) { ... } var request = JSONRequest.post(url, data, done); var request = JSONRequest.get(url, done); • No messing with headers. • No cookies. • No implied authentication.
- 41. JSONRequest • Requests are transmitted in order. • Requests can have timeouts. • Requests can be cancelled. • Connections are in addition to the browser's ordinary two connections per host. • Support for asynchronous, full duplex connections.
- 42. JSONRequest • Tell your favorite browser maker I want JSONRequest! http://www.JSON.org/JSONRequest.html
- 43. ECMAScript Fourth Ed. • New Methods: Object.prototype.toJSONString String.prototype.parseJSON • Available now: JSON.org/json.js
- 44. supplant var template = '<table border="{border}">' + '<tr><th>Last</th><td>{last}</td></tr>' + '<tr><th>First</th><td>{first}</td></tr>' + '</table>'; var data = { "first": "Carl", "last": "Hollywood", "border": 2 }; mydiv.innerHTML = template.supplant(data);
- 45. supplant String.prototype.supplant = function (o) { return this.replace(/{([^{}]*)}/g, function (a, b) { var r = o[b]; return typeof r === 'string' ? r : a; } ); };
- 46. JSONT var rules = { self: '<svg><{closed} stroke="{color}" points="{points}" /></svg>', closed: function (x) {return x ? 'polygon' : 'polyline';}, 'points[*][*]': '{$} ' }; var data = { "color": "blue", "closed": true, "points": [[10,10], [20,10], [20,20], [10,20]] }; jsonT(data, rules) <svg><polygon stroke="blue" points="10 10 20 10 20 20 10 20 " /></svg>
- 47. http://goessner.net/articles/jsont/ function jsonT(self, rules) { var T = { output: false, init: function () { for (var rule in rules) if (rule.substr(0,4) != "self") rules["self." + rule] = rules[rule]; return this; }, apply: function(expr) { var trf = function (s) { return s.replace(/{([A-Za-z0-9_$.[]'@()]+)}/g, function ($0, $1){ return T.processArg($1, expr); }) }, x = expr.replace(/[[0-9]+]/g, "[*]"), res; if (x in rules) { if (typeof(rules[x]) == "string") res = trf(rules[x]); else if (typeof(rules[x]) == "function") res = trf(rules[x](eval(expr)).toString()); } else res = T.eval(expr); return res; }, processArg: function (arg, parentExpr) { var expand = function (a, e) { return (e = a.replace(/^$/,e)).substr(0, 4) != "self" ? ("self." + e) : e; }, res = ""; T.output = true; if (arg.charAt(0) == "@") res = eval(arg.replace(/@([A-za-z0-9_]+)(([A-Za-z0-9_$.[]']+))/, function($0, $1, $2){ return "rules['self." + $1 + "'](" + expand($2,parentExpr) + ")"; })); else if (arg != "$") res = T.apply(expand(arg, parentExpr)); else res = T.eval(parentExpr); T.output = false; return res; }, eval: function (expr) { var v = eval(expr), res = ""; if (typeof(v) != "undefined") { if (v instanceof Array) { for (var i = 0; i < v.length; i++) if (typeof(v[i]) != "undefined") res += T.apply(expr + "[" + i + "]"); } else if (typeof(v) == "object") { for (var m in v) if (typeof(v[m]) != "undefined") res += T.apply(expr+"."+m); } else if (T.output) res += v; } return res; } }; return T.init().apply("self"); }
- 48. Some features that make it well-suited for data transfer • It's simultaneously human- and machine- readable format; • It has support for Unicode, allowing almost any information in any human language to be communicated; • The self-documenting format that describes structure and field names as well as specific values; • The strict syntax and parsing requirements that allow the necessary parsing algorithms to remain simple, efficient, and consistent; • The ability to represent the most general computer science data structures: records, lists and trees.
- 49. JSON Looks Like Data • JSON's simple values are the same as used in programming languages. • No restructuring is required: JSON's structures look like conventional programming language structures. • JSON's object is record, struct, object, dictionary, hash, associate array... • JSON's array is array, vector, sequence, list...
- 50. Arguments against JSON • JSON Doesn't Have Namespaces. • JSON Has No Validator. • JSON Is Not Extensible. • JSON Is Not XML.
- 51. JSON Doesn't Have Namespaces • Every object is a namespace. Its set of keys is independent of all other objects, even exclusive of nesting. • JSON uses context to avoid ambiguity, just as programming languages do.
- 52. Namespace • http://www.w3c.org/TR/REC-xml-names/ • In this example, there are three occurrences of the name title within the markup, and the name alone clearly provides insufficient information to allow correct processing by a software module. <section> <title>Book-Signing Event</title> <signing> <author title="Mr" name="Vikram Seth" /> <book title="A Suitable Boy" price="$22.95" /> </signing> <signing> <author title="Dr" name="Oliver Sacks" /> <book title="The Island of the Color-Blind" price="$12.95" /> </signing> </section>
- 53. Namespace {"section": "title": "Book-Signing Event", "signing": [ { "author": { "title": "Mr", "name": "Vikram Seth" }, "book": { "title": "A Suitable Boy", "price": "$22.95" } }, { "author": { "title": "Dr", "name": "Oliver Sacks" }, "book": { "title": "The Island of the Color-Blind", "price": "$12.95" } } ] }} • section.title • section.signing[0].author.title • section.signing[1].book.title
- 54. JSON Has No Validator • Being well-formed and valid is not the same as being correct and relevant. • Ultimately, every application is responsible for validating its inputs. This cannot be delegated. • A YAML validator can be used.
- 55. JSON is Not Extensible • It does not need to be. • It can represent any non- recurrent data structure as is. • JSON is flexible. New fields can be added to existing structures without obsoleting existing programs.
- 56. JSON Is Not XML • objects • arrays • strings • numbers • booleans • null • element • attribute • attribute string • content • <![CDATA[ ]]> • entities • declarations • schema • stylesheets • comments • version • namespace
- 57. Data Interchange • JSON is a simple, common representation of data. • Communication between servers and browser clients. • Communication between peers. • Language independent data interchange.
- 58. Why the Name? • XML is not a good data interchange format, but it is a document standard. • Having a standard to refer to eliminates a lot of squabbling.
- 59. Going Meta • By adding one level of meta- encoding, JSON can be made to do the things that JSON can't do. • Recurrent and recursive structures. • Values beyond the ordinary base values.
- 60. Going Meta • Simply replace the troublesome structures and values with an object which describes them. { "$META$": meta-type, "value": meta-value }
- 61. Going Meta • Possible meta-types: "label" Label a structure for reuse. "ref" Reuse a structure. "class" Associate a class with a structure. "type" Associate a special type, such as Date, with a structure.
- 62. Browser Innovation • During the Browser War, innovation was driven by the browser makers. • In the Ajax Age, innovation is being driven by application developers. • The browser makers are falling behind.
- 63. The Mashup Security Problem • Mashups are an interesting new way to build applications. • Mashups do not work when any of the modules or widgets contains information that is private or represents a connection which is private.
- 64. The Mashup Security Problem • JavaScript and the DOM provide completely inadequate levels of security. • Mashups require a security model that provides cooperation under mutual suspicion.
- 65. The Mashup Security Solution <module id="NAME" href="URL" style="STYLE" /> • A module is like a restricted iframe. The parent script is not allowed access to the module's window object. The module's script is not allowed access to the parent's window object.
- 66. The Mashup Security Solution <module id="NAME" href="URL" style="STYLE" /> • The module node presents a send method which allows for sending a JSON string to the module script. • The module node can accept a receive method which allows for receiving a JSON string from the module script.
- 67. The Mashup Security Solution <module id="NAME" href="URL" style="STYLE" /> • Inside the module, there is a global send function which allows for sending a JSON string to the outer document's script. • Inside the module, you can define a receive method which allows for receiving a JSON string from the outer document's script.
- 68. The Mashup Security Solution <module id="NAME" href="URL" style="STYLE" /> Document Module $(Module).receive(json) $(Module).send(json) receive(json) send(json)
- 69. The Mashup Security Solution <module id="NAME" href="URL" style="STYLE" /> • Communiciation is permitted only through cooperating send and receive functions. • The module is exempt from the Same Origin Policy.
- 70. The Mashup Security Solution <module id="NAME" href="URL" style="STYLE" /> • Ask your favorite browser maker for the <module> tag.
- 71. www.JSON.org