Learn C# Programming - Encapsulation & Methods
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This document discusses encapsulation and methods in C#. It defines encapsulation as enclosing items within a package to prevent access to implementation details. Access specifiers like public, private, protected, internal and protected internal control the scope and visibility of class members. Methods are defined with access specifiers, return types, parameters, and a method body. Parameters can be passed by value, reference, or as output parameters. Examples demonstrate defining and calling methods as well as different ways of passing parameters.
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Efficiently Removing Duplicates from a Sorted ArrayEng Teong Cheah The document provides a problem statement and solution walkthrough for removing duplicates from a sorted integer array in-place, maintaining the order of unique elements. It explains the algorithm using an example array, detailing the steps taken and how the modified array and the count of unique elements are derived. The final result reflects the unique elements at the beginning of the array, while the rest of the elements are deemed irrelevant.
Monitoring Models
Monitoring ModelsEng Teong Cheah The document discusses the importance of monitoring Azure Machine Learning resources for availability, performance, and operation using Azure Monitor. It describes the types of monitoring data generated and how to analyze it, including metrics and logs collection methods. Additionally, it highlights the significance of transparency and interpretability in AI systems for decision-making processes.
Responsible Machine Learning
Responsible Machine LearningEng Teong Cheah Responsible AI refers to developing and deploying AI systems in a safe, ethical, and trustworthy manner, centered around principles like fairness, reliability, privacy, inclusiveness, transparency, and accountability. Microsoft has established a Responsible AI standard to guide these efforts, employing tools such as the Responsible AI dashboard in Azure Machine Learning to assess fairness, interpretability, and privacy while ensuring robust accountability through MLOps practices. As AI technology becomes ingrained in daily life, prioritizing these principles is essential for fostering trust and achieving equitable outcomes.
Training Optimal Models
Training Optimal ModelsEng Teong Cheah The document discusses hyperparameter tuning in machine learning, specifically using Azure Machine Learning to optimize model performance through multiple training runs with varying hyperparameters. It explains defining search spaces for discrete and continuous hyperparameters, and emphasizes the importance of configuring sampling and early termination policies to improve efficiency during the tuning process. It also provides links and references for further information.
Deploying Models
Deploying ModelsEng Teong Cheah The document discusses machine learning inferencing, outlining the distinction between batch and real-time inference methods. Batch inference processes predictions in scheduled intervals, storing results for later use, while real-time inference offers immediate predictions for applications needing rapid responses. Best practices for implementing both methods in Azure Machine Learning, including compute options and deployment strategies, are provided.
Machine Learning Workflows
Machine Learning WorkflowsEng Teong Cheah The document discusses machine learning workflows, particularly focusing on the concept of pipelines as executable processes. It covers what pipeline steps are and how to create a pipeline. Additional resources and references to Microsoft documentation are provided.
Working with Compute
Working with ComputeEng Teong Cheah The document discusses using compute options for experiment runs, focusing on local compute environments such as development workstations or Azure Machine Learning compute instances. It highlights the importance of understanding compute clusters and references Microsoft documentation for further guidance. The content is related to the collaboration with Teong Cheah, a Microsoft MVP.
Working with Data
Working with DataEng Teong Cheah The document discusses the use of datastores in Azure Machine Learning, which serve as abstractions for connecting to cloud data sources. It details the types of datastores supported, including Azure Storage and SQL Database, as well as the concept of datasets, which are versioned data objects used for experiments and pipelines. Different types of datasets are described, focusing on tabular and file datasets for structured and unstructured data, respectively.
Experiments & TrainingModels
Experiments & TrainingModelsEng Teong Cheah Experiments involve grouping multiple runs from a script and are associated with a workspace. Each run requires an experiment name, and if the name is new, an experiment is created automatically. The document also references demo runs and training models.
Automated Machine Learning
Automated Machine LearningEng Teong Cheah Automated machine learning in Azure allows users to train models without extensive data science knowledge. It automatically tries different preprocessing techniques and algorithms in parallel to find the best performing model. Users can create an automated machine learning job that configures settings like the training script and compute target before starting a run. The automated process prepares data, trains and evaluates multiple models, and can deploy the best performing model as a predictive service.
Getting Started with Azure Machine Learning
Getting Started with Azure Machine LearningEng Teong Cheah Azure Machine Learning is a cloud service designed for managing the machine learning project lifecycle, allowing professionals to train, deploy, and manage models effectively. It is particularly beneficial for data scientists, ML engineers, and application developers, offering tools for model integration and a secure production environment. The workspace feature centralizes resources and maintains a history of jobs, facilitating easier workflows and collaboration.
Hacking Containers - Container Storage
Hacking Containers - Container StorageEng Teong Cheah The document explains the mechanism of a union file system (unionfs) used by Docker and other container runtimes to manage layered file systems. It describes how these layers visually represent changes over time using a transparent paper analogy and discusses tools like docker inspect and docker volume to inspect and traverse these layers. Each file system layer is hashed for integrity, and the creation of these layers is defined in the dockerfile.
Hacking Containers - Looking at Cgroups
Hacking Containers - Looking at CgroupsEng Teong Cheah This document discusses containers and control groups (cgroups) in Linux. It explains how to create a simple Docker container to explore cgroups. The container is built using a Dockerfile and run in interactive mode. When running, the process ID of the container can be found in the proc directory and its cgroup location output. The document also discusses namespaces and how they work with cgroups to constrain processes and kernel objects. Namespaces limit what a process can see using APIs like clone(), setns(), and unshare(). Exploits may need to be rewritten to work across namespaces.
Hacking Containers - Linux Containers
Hacking Containers - Linux ContainersEng Teong Cheah This document discusses Linux containers and provides an overview of their internals. It notes that containers were not originally based on any standard but that the Open Container Initiative (OCI) later established standards. It describes key components of containers like OCI-compliant images and runtimes, chroot technology, and union mount file systems. It also discusses cgroups and how they were introduced in Linux kernels starting in version 2.6.24 to provide kernel-level resource controls for processes like CPU and disk limits.
Data Security - Storage Security
Data Security - Storage SecurityEng Teong Cheah The document discusses data security and storage practices in Microsoft Azure, with a focus on data sovereignty and the implications of storing information based on geographical laws. It outlines Azure storage access methods, including shared access signatures and Azure Active Directory authentication, emphasizing best practices for security, such as limiting role scopes and ensuring secure connections. Additionally, it addresses blob data retention policies and the importance of identity-based authentication in managing Azure files.
Application Security- App security
Application Security- App securityEng Teong Cheah The document discusses application security and the Microsoft Identity Platform, highlighting OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect for authentication. It details the app registration process in Azure AD, necessary permissions, and requirements for using web app certificates. Additionally, it provides resources and contact information for further inquiries.
Application Security - Key Vault
Application Security - Key VaultEng Teong Cheah Azure Key Vault helps solve problems with secrets management, key management, and certificate management. It manages X509 certificates, supports RSA and elliptic curve keys, and allows storage of name-value pair secrets. Keys and secrets can be rotated without affecting applications by manual, programmatic, or automated processes.
Compute Security - Container Security
Compute Security - Container SecurityEng Teong Cheah The document discusses container security focusing on Azure services like Azure Container Instances (ACI) and Azure Container Registry (ACR), detailing best practices for securing containers, such as using approved images and role-based access. It further elaborates on Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) as a platform for managing containerized workloads, featuring automation and scaling capabilities. Key components and terminology related to ACI, ACR, and AKS, as well as their security features, are also outlined.
Compute Security - Host Security
Compute Security - Host SecurityEng Teong Cheah This document discusses various compute security topics for hardening endpoints and hosts, including using Azure Security Center to protect endpoints from attacks, implementing privileged access workstations, creating virtual machine templates to improve consistency and security, and how Security Center provides recommendations for security settings, updates, and threat detection. It also mentions demonstrating Azure Firewall and provides a reference link for further information.
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- 1. Learn C# Programming Encapsulation & Methods Eng Teong Cheah Microsoft MVP in Visual Studio & Development Technologies
- 4. C# - Encapsulation Encapsulation is defined ‘as the process of enclosing one or more items within a physical or logical package’. Encapsulation, in object oriented programming methodology, prevents access to implementation details. Abstraction and encapsulation are related features in object oriented programming. Abstraction allows making relevant information visible and encapsulation enables a programmer to implement the desired level of abstraction.
- 5. C# - Encapsulation Encapsulation is implemented by using access specifiers. An access specifier defines the scope and visibility of a class member. C# supports the following access specifiers: - Public - Private - Protected - Internal - Protected internal
- 6. C# - Encapsulation Public Access Specifier Public access specifier allows a class to expose its member variables and member functions to other functions and objects. Any public member can be accessed from outside the class.
- 7. Demo
- 8. C# - Encapsulation Priavte Access Specifier Private access specifier allows a class to hide its member variables and member functions from other functions and objects. Only functions of the same class can access its private members. Even an instance of a class cannot access its private members.
- 9. Demo
- 10. C# - Encapsulation Protected Access Specifier Protected access specifier allows a child class to access the member variables and member functions of its base class. This way it helps in implementing inheritance.
- 11. C# - Encapsulation Internal Access Specifier Internal access specifier allows a class to expose its member variables and member functions to other functions and objects in the current assembly. In other words, any member with internal access specifier can be accessed from any class or method defined within the application in which the member is defined.
- 12. Demo
- 13. C# - Encapsulation Protected Internal Access Specifier The protected internal access specifier allows a class to hide its member variables and member functions from other class objects and functions, except a child class within the same application. This is also used while implementing inheritance.
- 14. C# - Methods
- 15. C# - Methods A method is a group of statements that together perform a task. Every C# program has at least one class with a method name Main. To use a method, you need to: - Define the method - Call the method
- 16. C# - Methods Defining Methods in C# When you define a method, you basically declare the elements of it structure. The syntax for defining a method in C# is as follows: <Access Specifier> <Return Type> <Method Name>(Parameter List) { Method Body }
- 17. C# - Methods Following are the various elements of a method: - Access Specifier: This determines the visibility of a variable or a method from another class. - Return type: A method may return a value. The return type is the data type of the value the method returns. If the method is not returning any values, then the return type is void. - Method name: Method name is a unique identifier and it is case sensitive. It cannot be same as any other identifier declared in the class.
- 18. C# - Methods - Parameter list: Enclosed between parantheses, the parameters are used to pass and receive data from a method. The parameter list refers to the type, order, and number of the parameters of a method. Parameters are optional; that is, a method may contain no parameters. - Method body: This contains the set of instructions needed to complete the required activity.
- 19. C# - Methods Example Following code snippet shows a function FindMax that takes two integer values and returns the larger of the two. It has public access specifier, so it can be accessed from outside the class using an instance of the class.
- 20. C# - Methods class NumberManipulator { public int FindMax(int num1, int num2) { /* local variable declaration */ int result; if (num1 > num2) result = num1; else result = num2; return result; } ... }
- 21. Demo: Calling Methods in C#
- 23. C# - Passing Parameters to a Method
- 24. C# -Passing Parameters to a Method When method with parameters is called, you need to pass the parameters to the method. There are three ways that parameters can be passed to a method: - Value parameters - Reference parameters - Output parameters
- 25. C# -Passing Parameters to a Method Value parameters This is the default mechanism for passing parameters to a method. In this mechanism, when a method is called, a new storage location is created for each value parameter. The values of the actual parameters are copied into them. Hence, the changes made to the parameter inside the method have no effect on the argument.
- 27. C# -Passing Parameters to a Method Reference parameters A reference parameter is a reference to a memory location of a variable. When you pass parameters by reference, unlike value parameters, a new storage location is not created for these parameters. The reference parameters represent the same memory location as the actual parameters that are supplied to the method.
- 29. C# -Passing Parameters to a Method Output parameters A return statements can be used for returning only one value from a function. However, using output parameters, you can return two values from a function. Output parameters are similar to reference parameters, excepts that they transfer data out of the method rather than into it.
- 32. Thank You