![Manipulate With The Directories
Manipulate Meaning Here Is To Create, Copy, Cut, Rename And Delete Files.
To Manipulate Directories
mkdir Test => Create New Directory With Name Of Test.
rm –rf Test [files…] / * => Remove The Directory With name Of Test.
cp /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => copy the file to new
destination.
mv /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => Move Or Rename the file
to new destination.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bashv-show-190105120532/85/Learning-Bash-For-linux-Command-Line-4-320.jpg)
![Manipulate With The Files
To Manipulate Files
touch test.txt => Create New File With Name Of Test.
rm -f text.txt [files…] / * => Remove The File With name Of Test.
cp /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => copy the file / Directory to
new destination.
mv /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => Move Or Rename the file /
Directory to new destination.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bashv-show-190105120532/85/Learning-Bash-For-linux-Command-Line-5-320.jpg)
Learning Bash For linux Command Line
- 1. BASH Learn BASH Basics With Simple Examples By: Mohamed Alaa El-Din.
- 2. What Is BASH Bash is a Unix Shell and Command Line Language. It typically runs in a Text Window where the user types commands that cause actions. It Can Execute Command From The Files. To Get Help To Any Command Run man command => show the full manual. whatis command => show one line summary. command –help => show the summary and The flags of the command.
- 3. What Is Next Manipulate Directories And Files. Link Files (HardLink And SymLink), Export And Use Exported Variables. Navigate And Inspects The File System. Aliases Dot Bash Files
- 4. Manipulate With The Directories Manipulate Meaning Here Is To Create, Copy, Cut, Rename And Delete Files. To Manipulate Directories mkdir Test => Create New Directory With Name Of Test. rm –rf Test [files…] / * => Remove The Directory With name Of Test. cp /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => copy the file to new destination. mv /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => Move Or Rename the file to new destination.
- 5. Manipulate With The Files To Manipulate Files touch test.txt => Create New File With Name Of Test. rm -f text.txt [files…] / * => Remove The File With name Of Test. cp /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => copy the file / Directory to new destination. mv /path/to/file /new/path/[optional rename the file] => Move Or Rename the file / Directory to new destination.
- 6. Links: What Is Links Links Are Uses To Make A Copy From Targeted File Or Directory. In The Unix / Linux System There Are Two Different Type Of Links. Hard Link. Symbolic Link. By The Way When You List The Files And Directories with ls It Shows List Of References That Map To It is Inodes. Inode is a data structure in a Unix-style file system that describes a file-system object such as a file or a directory. Inodes are unique to each file system.
- 7. Links: Links Type: Hard Link Hard Link It Create Another Reference For The Selected Inode. Any Change Applied To The Link Will Change The Original File Because It Map To The Original Indoe By The Its New Reference. in most (but not all) Unix/Linux distributions hard links cannot be created for directories like the Unique file system. Hard links are also not allowed to cross file systems. How To Create ln <source> <linkname>
- 8. Links: Links Type: Symbolic Links Symbolic Link It Not Create Any Reference For Any inode At All Rather Than That It Create A Pointer For An Original Directory Or File. Can Use To Point For Another File System Or Directory. How To Create ln –s <source> <linkname>
- 9. Links: How To Detect The Links Path And The Original Path In Links There Are Two Deferent Links Will Be Present When After Creating The Links. Original Path. Link Path.
- 10. Links: How To Detect The Links Path And The Original Path Original Path The Original Path Is Where The Original Directory Or File is Located. If You Know Where Is The Path This May Be Good But Some Times You Need To Know The Original File Path From A Link. To Can Run Just Type readlink $(which link / alias / command). readlink => Will Read The Link Real Path But It Required A Full Path To the Link / command. $(command) => Here We Can Return A Command Value And Use It For The Previous Command. which => Get The Link Path Or The Alias Or Command Info. link / alias / command => The Wanted Value.
- 11. Links: How To Detect The Links Path And The Original Path Link Path The Symbolic / hard Link Path Where The Link Is Located. Some Times You Want To Know Where Is The Is Located To Add It To Environment Variables. To Read The Link Path Just Type which link / alias / command
- 12. Links: Which VS Where Which Simply Is A Command Show The Info About The Target command Like: Alias => Will Print What It’s Aliased For. Command => Will Print The Command Info. Link => Will Print The Path Of The Link Only That Is Active And Work. Where Simply Is A Command Show The Info About The Target command Like: Alias => Will Print What It’s Aliased For. Command => Will Print The Command Info And It’s Path. Link => Will Print The Path Of The Link Not Only That Is Active And Work But All The Links Available.
- 13. Export Environment Variables: Custom Path First Approach In Some Situation You Need To Add A Custom Path To The <$PATH> Variable, So You Can Perform Some Actions With It. The Safest Way To Do It Is By Exporting The Path variable Concatenated With The Custom Path export PATH=“$PATH:/custom/path” export => Define New Variable And Export It To The Shell PATH Is The Global Variable Name In Many Unix / Linux Distributions. $PATH => Here We Echo The <$PATH> Variable Data. : => Concatenate Operator. /custom/path => The New Path The Will Add To The <$PATH> Variable.
- 14. Export Environment Variables : Custom Path Second Approach Another Way Is To Define A New Environment Variable export NEW_VAR=“/path/to/new_var”
- 15. Environment Variables: What Is Environment Variables And The Most Important Ones. Environment Variables Are Variables That Exported From The Bash And The User Defined As Well. To Show All Variables Just Run printenv. Now You Will See All The Environment Variables. How To Get The Environment Variables Value. Just Run echo $ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE_NAME. echo Will Print The Value And Notice The $ Before The Variable Name. Most Important Variables Are: $HOME $PATH $USER
- 16. Navigate And Inspects The File System To Navigate You Can Use cd To Can Change The Current Directory. cd <FILE_NAME> => go to <FILE_NAME> cd .. => Back One Step / Go Out / Return Back. Inspects The File System Mean To View The Directories / Files List And Files Contents. ls => Will List All The Directories And The Files. cat => Will Print The File Content. less => Will Print The File Content Within Full Page. | => Will Convert The Output From Its Previous Command And Put It Like A Virual File To Pass It To The Command After it Like printenv | less / more / cat / grep
- 17. Aliases Aliases As From Its Name You Give A Command An Alias To Easy Usage. To Make Alias. alias <ALIAS_NAME> = content NOTE When Define An Alias Don’t Define It In The Bash It Will Stay For One Session After Reopen The Terminal It Will Gone So Define It in One Of The bash files.
- 18. Dot BASH Files Files That Loaded When The Terminal Is Open To Start The BASH And Load All the Environment Variables. There Is Many bash files like .bashrc and .zshrc. Note All Files Or Directories With . In it’s First Name That Mean It’s Hidden So You can Show It By type ls –a. In The Bash Files You Can Define As Many Environment Variables, Aliases and Functions And It Will Loaded When You Start Every Session For You.