Lect_04b_PhpMysqlKEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR FOR ICT-UNIT (new).ppt
1. PHP AND MYSQL WEB DEVELOPMENT
• WHEN YOU INSTALL PHP, YOU CAN SELECT FROM A
NUMBER OF EXTENSIONS.
• THE MYSQL SUPPORT IN PHP CONSISTS OF A NUMBER OF
FUNCTIONS YOU CAN CALL TO INTERACT WITH MYSQL,
AND HERE ARE SOME OF THEM:
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The mysql_connect() function opens a non-persistent MySQL connection.
This function returns the connection on success, or FALSE and
an error on failure.
Syntax
mysql_connect(server,user,pwd,newlink,clientflag)
Parameter Description
server Optional. Specifies the server to connect to (can also
include a port number, e.g. "hostname:port" or a path to a
local socket for the localhost).
Default value is "localhost:3306"
user Optional. Specifies the username to log in with. Default
value is the name of the user that owns the server process
pwd Optional. Specifies the password to log in with. Default is ""
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The mysql_select_db() function sets the active MySQL database.
This function returns TRUE on success, or FALSE on failure.
Syntax
mysql_select_db(database,connection)
Parameter Description
database Required. Specifies the database to select.
connection Optional. Specifies the MySQL connection. If not specified,
the last connection opened by mysql_connect() or
mysql_pconnect() is used.
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The mysql_query() function executes a query on a MySQL database.
This function returns the query handle for SELECT queries,
TRUE/FALSE for other queries, or FALSE on failure.
Syntax
mysql_query(query,connection)
Parameter Description
query Required. Specifies the SQL query to send (should not
end with a semicolon).
connection Optional. Specifies the MySQL connection. If not specified,
the last connection opened by mysql_connect() or
mysql_pconnect() is used.
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The mysql_fetch_array() function returns a row from a recordset as an
associative array and/or a numeric array. This function gets a row from
the mysql_query() function and returns an array on success, or FALSE
on failure or when there are no more rows.
Syntax
mysql_fetch_array(data,array_type)
Parameter Description
data Required. Specifies which data pointer to use. The data
pointer is the result from the mysql_query() function
array_type Optional. Specifies what kind of array to return.
Possible values:
MYSQL_ASSOC - Associative array
MYSQL_NUM - Numeric array
MYSQL_BOTH - Default. Both associative and numeric array
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The mysql_fetch_object() function returns a row from a recordset as an object.
This function gets a row from the mysql_query() function and returns an object
on success, or FALSE on failure or when there are no more rows.
Syntax
mysql_fetch_object(data)
Parameter Description
data Required. Specifies which data pointer to use. The data
pointer is the result from the mysql_query() function
Tips and Notes
Note: Each subsequent call to mysql_fetch_object() returns the
next row in the recordset.
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The mysql_affected_rows() function returns the number of affected rows
in the previous MySQL operation. This function returns the number of
affected rows on success, or -1 if the last operation failed.
Syntax
mysql_affected_rows(connection)
Parameter Description
connection Optional. Specifies the MySQL connection. If not specified,
the last connection opened by mysql_connect() or
mysql_pconnect() is used.
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The mysql_num_rows() function returns the number of rows in a recordset.
This function returns FALSE on failure.
Syntax
mysql_num_rows(data)
Parameter Description
data Required. Specifies which data pointer to use.
The data pointer is the result from the mysql_query() function
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The mysql_result() function returns the value of a field in a recordset.
This function returns the field value on success, or FALSE on failure.
Syntax
mysql_result(data,row,field)
Parameter Description
data Required. Specifies which result handle to use. The data
pointer is the return from the mysql_query() function
row Required. Specifies which row number to get.
Row numbers start at 0
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field Optional. Specifies which field to get. Can be field offset,
field name or table.fieldname. If this parameter is not defined
mysql_result() gets the first field from the specified row.
Tips and Notes
This function is slower than mysql_fetch_row(),
mysql_fetch_array(), mysql_fetch_assoc() and
mysql_fetch_object().
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The mysql_error() function returns the error description of the last
MySQL operation. This function returns an empty string ("") if no error occurs.
Syntax
mysql_error(connection)
Parameter Description
connection Optional. Specifies the MySQL connection. If not specified,
the last connection opened by mysql_connect() or
mysql_pconnect() is used.
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The mysql_close() function closes a non-persistent MySQL connection.
This function returns TRUE on success, or FALSE on failure.
Syntax
mysql_close(connection)
Parameter Description
connection Optional. Specifies the MySQL connection to close.
If not specified, the last connection opened by
mysql_connect() is used.
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die — Equivalent to exit()
Description
This language construct is equivalent to exit().
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exit — Output a message and terminate the current script
Description
void exit ([ string $status ] )
void exit ( int $status )
Terminates execution of the script.
Parameters
status
If status is a string, this function prints the status just before exiting.
If status is an integer, that value will also be used as the exit status.
Exit statuses should be in the range 0 to 254, the exit status 255 is
reserved by PHP and shall not be used. The status 0 is used to
terminate the program successfully.
15. • A TYPICAL WEB DATABASE TRANSACTION CONSISTS OF THE
FOLLOWING STAGES, WHICH ARE NUMBERED IN THE FIGURE 1:
1. A USER’S WEB BROWSER ISSUES AN HTTP REQUEST FOR A
PARTICULAR WEB PAGE. FOR EXAMPLE, USING AN HTML FORM, SHE
MIGHT HAVE REQUESTED A SEARCH FOR ALL BOOKS AT
MIKKELIONLINEPROFESSIONALBOOKS.COM WRITTEN BY LEILA
KARJALAINEN. THE SEARCH RESULTS PAGE IS CALLED RESULTS.PHP.
2. THE WEB SERVER RECEIVES THE REQUEST FOR RESULTS.PHP,
RETRIEVES THE FILE, AND PASSES IT TO THE PHP ENGINE FOR
PROCESSING.
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1
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5
3
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MySQL Server
Browser Web Server
PHP Engine
17. 3. THE PHP ENGINE BEGINS PARSING THE SCRIPT. INSIDE THE SCRIPT
IS A COMMAND TO CONNECT TO THE DATABASE AND EXECUTE A
QUERY (PERFORM THE SEARCH FOR BOOKS). PHP OPENS A
CONNECTION TO THE MYSQL SERVER AND SENDS ON THE
APPROPRIATE QUERY.
4. THE MYSQL SERVER RECEIVES THE DATABASE QUERY, PROCESSES
IT, AND SENDS THE RESULTS - A LIST OF BOOKS - BACK TO THE PHP
ENGINE.
5. THE PHP ENGINE FINISHES RUNNING THE SCRIPT, WHICH
USUALLY INVOLVES FORMATTING THE QUERY RESULTS NICELY IN
HTML. IT THEN RETURNS THE RESULTING HTML TO THE WEB SERVER.
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18. 6. THE WEB SERVER PASSES THE HTML BACK TO THE BROWSER,
WHERE THE USER CAN SEE THE LIST OF BOOKS SHE REQUESTED.
• THE ABOVE DESCRIBED PROCESS IS BASICALLY THE SAME
REGARDLESS OF WHICH SCRIPTING ENGINE OR DATABASE SERVER
YOU USE.
• SOMETIMES THE WEB SERVER, PHP ENGINE, AND DATABASE SERVER
ALL RUN ON THE SAME MACHINE.
• HOWEVER, IT IS QUITE COMMON FOR THE DATABASE SERVER TO
RUN ON A DIFFERENT MACHINE. YOU MIGHT DO THIS FOR
REASONS OF SECURITY, INCREASED CAPACITY, OR LOAD
SPREADING. FROM A DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE, THIS APPROACH
IS MUCH THE SAME TO WORK WITH.
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19. • FIRST EXAMPLE READS IN AND DISPLAYS THE CONTENTS OF THE
FRIEND TABLE FROM THE DATABASE FUTURE.
• OUR SCRIPT WILL DO THE FOLLOWING JOBS:
• SET UP A CONNECTION TO THE APPROPRIATE DATABASE
• QUERY THE DATABASE TABLE
• RETRIEVE THE RESULTS
• PRESENT THE RESULTS BACK TO THE USER
• FIRST WE NEED TO CREATE THE NEEDED DATABASE AND DATABASE
TABLE – THIS TIME WE WILL DO IT DIRECTLY USING MYSQL QUERY
BROWSER:
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TUTORIAL NO.4
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…and what you can see from the browser:
27. ‘$SQLRESULT = MYSQL_QUERY...’
• WHEN YOU SELECT ITEMS FROM A DATABASE USING
MYSQL_QUERY(), THE DATA IS RETURNED AS A MYSQL
RESULT. SINCE WE WANT TO USE THIS DATA IN OUR
PROGRAM WE NEED TO STORE IT IN A VARIABLE.
$SQLRESULT NOW HOLDS THE RESULT FROM OUR
MYSQL_QUERY().
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28. ‘WHILE($SQLROW =
MYSQL_FETCH_ARRAY( $SQLRESULT…)’
• THE MYSQL_FETCH_ARRAY FUNCTION GETS THE NEXT-IN-LINE
ASSOCIATIVE ARRAY FROM A MYSQL RESULT. BY PUTTING IT IN A
WHILE LOOP IT WILL CONTINUE TO FETCH THE NEXT ARRAY UNTIL
THERE IS NO NEXT ARRAY TO FETCH. THIS FUNCTION CAN BE
CALLED AS MANY TIMES AS YOU WANT, BUT IT WILL RETURN
FALSE WHEN THE LAST ASSOCIATIVE ARRAY HAS ALREADY BEEN
RETURNED.
• BY PLACING THIS FUNCTION WITHIN THE CONDITIONAL
STATEMENT OF THE WHILE LOOP, WE CAN “KILL” TWO BIRDS WITH
ONE STONE:
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29. 1. WE CAN RETRIEVE THE NEXT ASSOCIATIVE ARRAY FROM
OUR MYSQL RESOURCE, $SQLRESULT, SO THAT WE CAN
PRINT OUT THE RETRIEVED INFORMATION.
2. WE CAN TELL THE WHILE LOOP TO STOP PRINTING OUT
INFORMATION WHEN THE MYSQL RESOURCE HAS RETURNED
THE LAST ARRAY, AS FALSE IS RETURNED WHEN IT REACHES
THE END AND THIS WILL CAUSE THE WHILE LOOP TO HALT.
• A RESOURCE IS A SPECIAL VARIABLE, HOLDING A REFERENCE
TO AN EXTERNAL RESOURCE.
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30. • IN THE ABOVE SCRIPT, WE HAVE ACCESSED THE FIRSTNAME
COLUMN LIKE THIS: $SQLROW[‘FIRSTNAME’]. THAT CAN
ALSO BE DONE BY USING INTEGER INDEXING:
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38. • A MINOR MODIFICATION TO THE ORIGINAL EXAMPLE: LET’S
MAKE IT DISPLAY A MESSAGE IF THERE IS AN ERROR WHEN
CONNECTING TO THE DATABASE SERVER:
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44. • A MINOR MODIFICATION TO THE ORIGINAL EXAMPLE: LET’S
MAKE IT DISPLAY A MESSAGE IF THERE IS AN ERROR WHEN
SELECTING THE DATABASE WE WANT TO USE:
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47. • IN THE NEXT EXAMPLE WE WILL INSERT ONE ROW TO THE
FRIEND TABLE. FIRST DIRECTLY FROM WEB SERVER TO THE
DATABASE SERVER WITHOUT ANY USER INTERFACE.
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51. ABIT MORE COMPLEX TASK: INSERT DATA FROM A FORM INTO
A DATABASE:
• NOW WE WILL CREATE AN HTML FORM THAT CAN BE USED
TO ADD NEW RECORDS TO THE FRIEND TABLE, FILE
DATABASE3.HTML:
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53. • WHEN A USER CLICKS THE SUBMIT BUTTON IN THE HTML
FORM IN THE EXAMPLE ABOVE, THE FORM DATA IS SENT TO
DATABASE3.PHP.
• THE DATABASE3.PHP FILE CONNECTS TO A DATABASE, AND
RETRIEVES THE VALUES FROM THE FORM WITH THE PHP
$_POST VARIABLES.
• THEN, THE MYSQL_QUERY() FUNCTION EXECUTES THE
INSERT INTO STATEMENT, AND A NEW RECORD WILL BE
ADDED TO THE FRIEND TABLE.
• HERE IS THE DATABASE3.PHP PAGE:
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58. • FROM THE PREVIOUS SLIDE IT CAN BE SEEN THAT THE PRIMARY
KEY JUMPS FROM 4 TO 9 - THAT IS BECAUSE THERE WERE
SOME ERRORS WHEN TESTING THE EXAMPLE…
• THE PRIMARY KEY CAN BE MODIFIED DIRECTLY USING MYSQL
QUERY BROWSER (NATURALLY UPDATES CAN BE DONE USING
OUR HTML USER INTERFACE) IF THE CURRENT SITUATION
ANNOYS SOMEONE:
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60. • A MINOR MODIFICATION TO THE DATABASE3.PHP EXAMPLE:
LET’S TEST THAT ALL THE HTML FIELDS HAVE AT LEAST
SOMETHING INPUTTED:
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67. • A MINOR MODIFICATION TO THE DATABASE3.PHP EXAMPLE:
PUTTING IT ALL IN ONE PAGE.
• THE FIRST TEST: HAS THE USER SUBMITTED THE FORM?
• SECOND TEST: IS THERE SOMETHING IN EVERY FIELD?
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82. UPDATE DATA FROM A FORM INTO A DATABASE:
• NOW WE WILL CREATE AN HTML FORM THAT CAN BE USED
TO UPDATE ONE COLUMN IN THE FRIEND TABLE, FILE
UPDATE1.PHP. WE HAVE ARBITRARILY CHOSEN TO UPDATE THE
FIRST NAME OF THE PERSON.
• THE FIRST TEST: HAS THE USER SUBMITTED THE FORM?
• SECOND TEST: IS THERE SOMETHING IN EVERY FIELD?
• THIRD TEST: IS THE NEW FIRST NAME LONGER THAN THE FIELD
DOMAIN PERMITS?
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97. • ONE MORE DETAIL FROM THE PREVIOUS EXAMPLE: THE FIRST
PARAMETER OF THE MYSQL_QUERY() IS UPDATE STATEMENT.
• UPDATE AND DELETE STATEMENTS BEHAVE IN THE SAME WAY
IN THOSE KINDS OF SITUATIONS: IF THERE ARE NO ROWS TO
BE UPDATED OR DELETED, THEN THERE WOULD NOT COME
ANY WARNINGS OR ERRORS BACK:
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106. • THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE SELECTS THE SAME DATA AS THE
EXAMPLE ABOVE, BUT WILL DISPLAY THE DATA IN AN HTML
TABLE:
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exit — Output a message and terminate the current script
Description
void exit ([ string $status ] )
void exit ( int $status )
Terminates execution of the script.
Parameters
status
If status is a string, this function prints the status just before exiting.
If status is an integer, that value will also be used as the exit status.
Exit statuses should be in the range 0 to 254, the exit status 255 is
reserved by PHP and shall not be used. The status 0 is used to
terminate the program successfully.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lect04bphpmysql-250518072201-795f3aff/85/Lect_04b_PhpMysqlKEY-PERFORMANCE-INDICATOR-FOR-ICT-UNIT-new-ppt-14-320.jpg)
![• IN THE ABOVE SCRIPT, WE HAVE ACCESSED THE FIRSTNAME
COLUMN LIKE THIS: $SQLROW[‘FIRSTNAME’]. THAT CAN
ALSO BE DONE BY USING INTEGER INDEXING:
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