Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasures

Zhu Kai et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 11, (Part - 1) November 2015, pp.54-56
www.ijera.com 54 | P a g e
Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasures
Zhu Kai
(Department of Road and Railway Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)
ABSTRACT
With the economic development of China's large and medium-sized cities and city scale expands unceasingly, city
traffic congestion problem is also growing, has become a bottleneck hindering the development of the city further.
At present, governance urban traffic problem is the first strategic task of traffic congestion. Congestion,
maximizing efficiency, convenient travel is to be solved.
Keywords: urban traffic, traffic jams theory, congestion causes, management advice
I. Introduction
Urban traffic is a necessary condition for the
normal life, running a city, the urban traffic should not
only satisfy the rapid development of society and
economy, but also influenced by various aspects and
constraints, such as the lack of ecological
environment and resources, so the supply demand
balance of urban traffic is particularly important to the
development of the economy. Traffic congestion has
aroused the concern of the world and each country can
draw lessons from the successful experience of other
countries, combined with their own actual situation, to
find a more effective way to ease traffic congestion.
II. The concept of urban traffic
congestion.
Traffic congestion is a general appellation of
congestion and traffic jams. Traffic congestion is
refers to the traffic demand (per unit time through a
driveway or cross section on the number of vehicles
over a driveway or section of traffic supply level (per
unit time content make the maximum number of
vehicles through a driveway or section), the outside
part of the stay on the road. That is, traffic congestion
is caused by road traffic imbalance between supply
and demand. The ministry of public security of our
country made separately according to the intersection
and road traffic congestion. No signal control
intersections, vehicles in the intersection of the lateral
driveway parking queue of more than 250 m, or in the
three green light time didn't pass the signal control of
intersection; For road congestion, refers to the
driveway vehicle parking line up to more than 1 km.
III. The law of the urban traffic
congestion and harm
3.1 the law of the urban traffic congestion
(1) Phenomenon of spatial agglomeration (Spatia1
Convergence): the original plan used in other
sections of traffic flow, a period of time, are
gathered in the road.
(2) Time agglomeration (Time Convergence
phenomenon: flat peak period plan travel traveler,
travel are gathered in the peak hours.
(3) Transportation agglomeration (Modal
Convergence phenomenon: traveler had planned
to use public transportation way to travel, private
cars across the region now, enjoy the travel more
quickly.
3.2 The dangers of urban traffic congestion
(1) greatly harm the social benefit urban traffic has
close relation to the social life. First, traffic congestion
brought to travel and travel cost consumption
increased significantly. Second, because of the single
trip costs increase, largely reduces the flexibility of
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

residents travel, reduce the urban residents' quality of
life. Road congestion increases the traffic delay,
reduces the traffic speed, the serious influence
transportation efficiency, increase the travel
consumption, increase the fuel cost. Most traffic
accidents are caused by too frequent traffic congestion
phenomenon, and contributed to the traffic jam and
traffic accident, time is long, the formation of a
vicious cycle of repeatedly, is not conducive to the
healthy development of the social and economic level.
(2) a large amount of waste land and oil resources.
Defect of primary energy sources in our country in
terms of storage, a large population, the present
situation of the resources per capita is lower than the
world average level, make the resource and strength at
a faster pace in consumption, the utilization rate is low,
the reserve is insufficient, the increasingly prominent
contradiction between supply and demand. The most
severe cases, however, there is no reasonable structure
to configure resource. Of all the available raw
materials, 75% belong to primary energy resource
consumption, and an energy represented by coal has
the characteristics of low efficiency and high pollution.
And represented by oil and gas with high efficiency,
environmental resources account for only about 20%,
green water accounts for only 5% of distance
diversified energy configuration level there is still a
long way to go. Especially the development of
transportation, rely heavily on land and energy, this
contradiction will hinder the development of
transportation industry in our country.
(3) the urban road traffic becomes the main sources of
the urban traffic road users both time-consuming and
fuel waste, the worse the pollution of atmospheric
environment and other aspects.
IV. Urban traffic congestion management
theory and methods
The early stages of the urban transportation
development is the main problem of urban traffic
infrastructure, especially the width of urban roads and
road surface quality cannot meet the needs of vehicle
running, cause the city car speed is slow, and affect the
normal passage of other modes of transport. This
phase control urban traffic congestion is focused on
broadening the city roads, improve the traffic capacity,
increase the length of the main operating, enhance
urban traffic capacity.
4.1 Traffic demand management measures and
main goal
Traffic demand management refers to the guiding
role, through transport policy to promote change in
the traffic of the traffic participants choose action, to
reduce the amount of vehicles, reduce or eliminate the
traffic congestion. (1) To develop the modern
communication and information technology, give full
play to the role of the communication technology,
establish a teleconference system, expanding the
coverage of the Internet and improve the
communication ability of the Internet, to replace the
site meeting, reduce the traditional way of business
communication, thus inhibiting the generation of
traffic demand, reduce the total transportation. (2) to
optimize the spatial distribution of urban land,
optimizing, transfer, or change some existing
functions of urban area, so as to improve the traffic
travel start or transportation terminal to the transfer of
the congestion location or area, to optimize regional
traffic distribution, and achieve the goal of reducing
traffic congestion; Optimize configuration of
community facilities of uniform, is also the effective
measures to reduce the number of traffic demand; In
urban planning as a whole to consider the regional
function design and traffic demand, improve the level
of city planning, both to maximize meet the needs of
the residents' normal life and social activities but also,
to reduce the total transportation, create the residents
satisfied with public transport environment. (3)
through economic and administrative means,
reasonable traffic management policy. According to
the nature and function of different modes of transport,
by implementing specific traffic management policies,
guide urban residents choose low consumption of
resources, high efficiency way to travel, balanced
transportation structure.

4.2 Bus priority theory
Public transport priority theory refers to the
urban development and planning, the government
departments to take public transport priority to the
construction and management of the position to
consider, give support in aspects of policy, capital,
technology, can make the public transportation to
clear roads, good shape, and vertical and horizontal
line site, to travel to provide better and more quality
services for the public. Bus priority is the priority, and
not simply "let people go first", is a adhere to the
concept of efficiency first. Government departments
in comprehensive transportation policy clear bus
priority development status, and give a high level of
support on policy, funds; On the urban road network
planning and construction, establish the status of bus
priority development; On the use and management of
city road resources, to establish the rights of bus
priority.
4.3 By means of intelligent traffic management
governance traffic jams
A nation, if can't change the status quo of urban
traffic demand in the short term, you can use the
advanced traffic management and control technology,
considering factors such as driver, vehicle and road,
systematic management traffic congestion, solve the
traffic problems. Intelligent transportation system is
exactly reflected the thinking of the most effective
measures. The transportation department has issued
"national project planning intelligent transportation
system", make clear a regulation of the seven areas of
intelligent transportation systems: travel demand
management system, public transportation operation
system, travel and transportation management system,
emergency management system, electronic charge
system, commercial vehicles operating systems,
vehicle control and safety systems. According to the
forecast about the scientists and engineers, application
of intelligent transportation system, can effectively
improve the transportation efficiency, reduce traffic
congestion by twenty percent, reduce car accident 5 to
eighty percent, oil consumption by thirty percent,
emissions reduction of nearly thirty percent.
Intelligent transportation system is the effective way
to solve the problem of traffic congestion, is a high
investment, high technology of systems engineering,
and the successful experience of developed countries
shows that the trend of its widely used throughout the
world will be irreversible.
V. Conclusion
Urban traffic congestion problem is long-term,
there are a variety of causes, the solution is also varied.
But I think solve the problem of urban traffic
congestion, the law and internal law is the same,
should follow the law, adhere to the "tube" of supply
and demand of organic unity, multi-pronged, to two or
more things and emphasize particularly on, mix,
rather than fight alone, each dry, coordination between
the relevant departments at the same time, in this case,
believe will receive better expected effect.
References
[1] W. Wen. A dynamic and automatic traffic
light control expert system for solving the
road congestion problem. Expert Systems
with Applications, Volume 34, Issue 4, May
2008, Pages 2370—2381.
[2] A. Michael, P. Taylor, E.Woolley. Integration
of the global positioning systems and
geographical information systems for traffic
congestion studies. Transportation Research
Part C: Emerging Technologies Volume
8，Issues 1-6, February-December 2000,
Pages257.28
[3] A. Wads. Traffic congestion estimation
service exploiting mobile assisted
positioning schemes in GSM networks.
Procardia Earth and Planetary Science.
Volume l, Issue 1, September 2009, Pages
1385—1392.

Mainly talks about the traffic jams and management countermeasures

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