Memory allocation in c
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This document discusses dynamic memory allocation in C using four main functions: malloc(), calloc(), realloc(), and free(). It provides examples of using each function and explains their differences. malloc() allocates memory during execution but does not initialize it, while calloc() initializes the memory to zero. realloc() modifies the size of previously allocated memory. free() frees up memory allocated by the other functions. The document aims to help understand these important functions for dynamic memory management in C.
Memory allocation in c
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- 3. Dynamic memory allocation in C MUHAMMEDTHANVEER.M [email protected] www.facebook.com/ thanveer twitter.com/username in.linkedin.com/in/profilename 9526960445
- 4. The process of allocating memory during program execution is called dynamic memory allocation. 4 dynamic memory allocation functions S.No Function Syntax 1 malloc () malloc (number *sizeof(int)); 2 calloc () calloc (number, sizeof(int)); 3 realloc () realloc (pointer_name, number * sizeof(int)); 4 free () free (pointer_name);
- 5. 1. malloc() function in C: malloc () function is used to allocate space in memory during the execution f the program. malloc () does not initialize the memory allocated during execution. It carries garbage value. malloc () function returns null pointer if it couldn’t able to allocate requested amount of memory.
- 6. EXAMPLE #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main() { char *mem_allocation; /* memory is allocated dynamically */ mem_allocation = malloc( 20 * sizeof(char) ); if( mem_allocation== NULL ) { printf("Couldn't able to allocate requested memoryn"); } else { strcpy( mem_allocation,“[email protected]"); output:[email protected] } printf("Dynamically allocated memory content : " "%sn", mem_allocation ); free(mem_allocation); }
- 7. 2. calloc() function in C: calloc () function is also like malloc () function. But calloc () initializes the allocated memory to zero. But, malloc() doesn’t.
- 8. EXAMPLE #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main() { char *mem_allocation; /* memory is allocated dynamically */ mem_allocation = calloc( 20, sizeof(char) ); Output:[email protected] if( mem_allocation== NULL ) { printf("Couldn't able to allocate requested memoryn"); } else { strcpy( mem_allocation,“[email protected]"); } printf("Dynamically allocated memory content : " "%sn", mem_allocation ); free(mem_allocation); }
- 9. 3. realloc() function in C: realloc () function modifies the allocated memory size by malloc () and calloc () functions to new size. If enough space doesn’t exist in memory of current block to extend, new block is allocated for the full size of reallocation, then copies the existing data to new block and then frees the old block. 4. free() function in C: free () function frees the allocated memory by malloc (), calloc (), realloc () functions and returns the memory to the system.
- 10. EXAMPLE //insert extra numbers #include<stdio.h>//header #include<stdlib.h> int main()//main function { int int_n,int_i,int_j,int_m,*ptr_b;//local variable declaration char str_a; printf("enter number of element");//by user scanf("%d",&int_n);//read and assign ptr_b=(int*)calloc(int_n,sizeof(int));//malloc memory allocation if(ptr_b==NULL) { printf("ERROR!memory not allocated"); exit(0); } printf("Now,enter the element");//by user for(int_i=0;int_i<int_n;++int_i)//check condition { scanf("%d",ptr_b+int_i);//block of statement }
- 11. printf("do you want to enter more numbers?.y/n"); scanf("%s",&str_a); if(str_a=='y'||str_a=='Y')//check condition using if { printf("enter the number of extra element:"); scanf("%d",&int_m); printf("enter the new elements:"); ptr_b=(int*)realloc(ptr_b,int_n+int_m);//create realloc memory for(int_j=int_n;int_j<(int_n+int_m);int_j++)//check condition using loop { scanf("%d",ptr_b+int_j); } for(int_i=0;int_i<(int_n+int_m);++int_i) { printf("%d",*(ptr_b+int_i));//print the value } } getch(); free(ptr_b);//clear the allocated memory return 0; }
- 12. OUT PUT Enter number of element 3 Now,enter the element 4 5 6 Do you want to enter more numbers?.y/n Y Enter the number of extra elements 2 Enter the new element 8 9 45689
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