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Object Oriented Program Class 12 Computer Science
- 2. POP � Procedure-oriented programming (POP) is a programming paradigm or style that is centered around procedures or functions. In procedure-oriented programming, a program is divided into a set of procedures or functions, and these procedures are responsible for performing specific tasks or operations. � The focus is on breaking down the problem into smaller sub-tasks, with each procedure handling one specific aspect of the problem. � POP uses a sequence of instructions to break down the program into functions, and each task is completed in order.
- 3. OOP � Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming model that organizes software design around data, or objects, rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data field that has unique attributes and behavior. � OOP focuses on the objects that developers want to manipulate rather than the logic required to manipulate them. This approach to programming is well-suited for programs that are large, complex and actively updated or maintained. � For example, OOP can be used for manufacturing system simulation software.
- 4. Figure: Objects in Object Oriented Programming Object 1 Object 2 Public Method Private Data Private Methods Public Method Private Data Private Methods Communication
- 5. Benefits of OOPs over POP ⚽ Through inheritance, we can eliminate code and extend the use of existing classes. ⚽ Reusability. ⚽Easy to understand. ⚽Models the real world well. ⚽The principle ofdata hiding helps the programmer to build secure programs. ⚽Software complexity can be easily managed.
- 6. Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming • Classes • Objects • Encapsulation • Inheritance • Polymorphism • Dynamic Binding • Message Passing Main Five Pillars of OOP concept Objects Inheritance Class Encaptulation Polymorphism
- 7. CLASS • A class is a blueprint or template for creating objects (instances). • It defines the structure and behavior that the objects created from it will have. • A class encapsulates data (attributes or properties) and methods (functions or procedures) that operate on that data. • A class specification has two parts: 1. Class Declaration 2. Class Function Definitions Class Structure class <class_name> { private: variable declaration; function declaration; public: variable declaration; function declaration } Class Structure class item { private: int number; float cost; public: get data (int a, float b); putdata (void); }
- 8. OBJECT • Objects are the basic rin-time entities of an object oriented system. • They may represent a person, a place or any item that the program must. handle. • Example: Figure: Representation of Object An Object A Car • Start • Move • Stop An Object A Car • Start • Move • Stop • Model • Year of Mfg • Colour Data Members Functions
- 9. ENCAPTULATION • Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP). • It refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on that data into a single unit known as a class. • The purpose of encapsulation is to hide the internal details of how a class works and expose a well-defined interface for interacting with the class. • Features of Encapsulation: 1. Data Hiding 2. Access Control 3. Abstraction 4. Code Reusability Methods Variables
- 10. INHERITANCE • The mechanism of deriving a new classfrom an old class is called inheritance or derivation. • The old class is known as base class while new class is known as derived class or sub class. • The inheritance is the most powerful features of OOP. • Through Inheritance use of inheritance, you can save lot of timein your programming and also reduce errors. • It helps to reuse functionality.
- 11. The different types of inheritance are: 1. Single Inheritance: • In a Single inheritance, one class is derived from another class. • That is, there is only one base class and one derived class. Base Class Derived Class