More Related Content
What's hot (18)
Similar to Object oriented programming 12 programming steps in cpp and example (20)
More from Vaibhav Khanna (20)
Recently uploaded (20)
Object oriented programming 12 programming steps in cpp and example
- 1. Object Oriented Programming:12 Programming Steps in C++ and Example Program Prof Neeraj Bhargava Vaibhav Khanna Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Systems Sciences Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University Ajmer
- 2. 2 Programming Example: Convert Length • Write a program that takes as input a given length expressed in feet and inches – Convert and output the length in centimeters • Input: length in feet and inches • Output: equivalent length in centimeters • Lengths are given in feet and inches • Program computes the equivalent length in centimeters • One inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters
- 3. 3 Programming Example: Convert Length (continued) • Convert the length in feet and inches to all inches: – Multiply the number of feet by 12 – Add given inches • Use the conversion formula (1 inch = 2.54 centimeters) to find the equivalent length in centimeters
- 4. 4 Programming Example: Convert Length (continued) • The algorithm is as follows: – Get the length in feet and inches – Convert the length into total inches – Convert total inches into centimeters – Output centimeters
- 5. 5 Programming Example: Variables and Constants • Variables int feet; //variable to hold given feet int inches; //variable to hold given inches int totalInches; //variable to hold total inches double centimeters; //variable to hold length in //centimeters • Named Constant const double CENTIMETERS_PER_INCH = 2.54; const int INCHES_PER_FOOT = 12;
- 6. 6 Programming Example: Main Algorithm • Prompt user for input • Get data • Echo the input (output the input) • Find length in inches • Output length in inches • Convert length to centimeters • Output length in centimeters
- 7. 7 Programming Example: Putting It Together • Program begins with comments • System resources will be used for I/O • Use input statements to get data and output statements to print results • Data comes from keyboard and the output will display on the screen • The first statement of the program, after comments, is preprocessor directive to include header file iostream
- 8. 8 Programming Example: Putting It Together (continued) • Two types of memory locations for data manipulation: – Named constants • Usually put before main – Variables • This program has only one function (main), which will contain all the code • The program needs variables to manipulate data, which are declared in main
- 9. 9 Programming Example: Body of the Function • The body of the function main has the following form: int main () { declare variables statements return 0; }
- 10. 10 Programming Example: Writing a Complete Program • Begin the program with comments for documentation • Include header files • Declare named constants, if any • Write the definition of the function main
- 11. 11
- 12. 12 Programming Example: Sample Run Enter two integers, one for feet, one for inches: 15 7 The numbers you entered are 15 for feet and 7 for inches. The total number of inches = 187 The number of centimeters = 474.98
- 13. 13 Summary • C++ program: collection of functions where each program has a function called main • Identifier consists of letters, digits, and underscores, and begins with letter or underscore • The arithmetic operators in C++ are addition (+), subtraction (-),multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%) • Arithmetic expressions are evaluated using the precedence associativity rules
- 14. 14 Summary (continued) • All operands in an integral expression are integers and all operands in a floating-point expression are decimal numbers • Mixed expression: contains both integers and decimal numbers • Use the cast operator to explicitly convert values from one data type to another • A named constant is initialized when declared • All variables must be declared before used
- 15. 15 Summary (continued) • Use cin and stream extraction operator >> to input from the standard input device • Use cout and stream insertion operator << to output to the standard output device • Preprocessor commands are processed before the program goes through the compiler • A file containing a C++ program usually ends with the extension .cpp
- 16. Assignment • Describe in detail the programming steps for converting length in Feet and inches to centimeters • Explain the importance of “program planning and design documentation” before implementing the code / actual program