Open pit mining
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This document discusses open pit mining and provides details on: - The sequence of development including land clearance, plant location, and establishing the first bench. - The cycle of operations including drilling, blasting, excavation, and haulage using various equipment like power shovels and trucks. - Auxiliary operations that support open pit mining such as health and safety, environmental control, and maintenance.
Open pit mining
- 1. OPEN PIT MINING KHALEEQ AHMED 1 1PWMIN0644 7TH SEMESTER MINING ENGINEERING 12/14/2014 1
- 2. Contents: Introduction Sequence of Development Cycle of Operation Auxiliary Operations Conditions Advantages Disadvantages References 12/14/2014 2
- 3. Introduction 12/14/2014 3 In open pit mining : Any overburden is stripped and transported to a disposal area to uncover the mineral deposit Both stripping and mining are from one or a sequence of benches Open-pit mines are used when deposits are found near the surface Open pit mining is large scale method in term of production rate Responsible for 60% of all surface outputs
- 5. Sequence of Development 12/14/2014 5 Major steps in the development are: Land clearance Location of surface plant Location of waste dump Equipment selection Haul Road Establishment of first bench
- 6. Sequence of Development (cont.) 12/14/2014 6
- 7. Cycle of Operation 12/14/2014 7 The nature of overburden or waste and the ore to be mine determines the cycle of operation The stripping and mining cycle of operation consist of the following: Drilling Blasting Excavation Haulage
- 8. Cycle of Operation (cont.) 12/14/2014 8 Drilling Auger for weak rock Roller bit for average rock Percussion for very hard rock
- 9. Cycle of Operation(cont.) 12/14/2014 9 Blasting ANFO or slurry for soil or weak rock WABOX or Dynamite for hard rock
- 10. Cycle of Operation(cont.) 12/14/2014 10 Excavation Power shovel Front-end loader Dozer Scrapers(soil) Dragline Bucket wheel(soil)
- 11. Cycle of Operation(cont.) 12/14/2014 11 Scraper Front-end Loader Drag line Power Shovel
- 12. Cycle of Operation(cont.) 12/14/2014 12 Haulage Truck Belt Conveyor Rail
- 13. Cycle of Operation(cont.) 12/14/2014 13
- 14. Auxiliary Operations 12/14/2014 14 Health and Safety Environmental Control Ground Control Power Supply Water Disposal Material Supply Maintenance Rehabilitation
- 15. Conditions 12/14/2014 15 Ore Strength: Any Rock Strength: Any Deposit Shape: any but preferably tabular Deposit Dip: any but preferably low Deposit Size: Large, Thick Ore Grade: can be very low Ore Uniformity: uniform, variable Depth: Shallow to intermediate
- 16. Advantages 12/14/2014 16 High Productivity Lowest Cost High Production Rate Early Production Low labor requirement Good recovery Good health and safety
- 17. Disadvantages 12/14/2014 17 High Capital investment Surface damaged Require large Deposit Weather detrimental Slope stability Waste Disposal