Optimizing Problem of Brain Tumor Detection using Image Processing

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 139
Optimizing Problem of Brain Tumor Detection Using Image Processing
Bhushan Pawar1, Siddhi Ganbote2,Snehal Shitole3,Mansi Sarode4,Rupali Pandharpatte5
12345 Department of Computer Engineering,KJ College K JCollegeof Engineering & management Research,Pune
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Abstract - Tumor is the one of the most common brain
disease and this is the reason for the diagnosis &
treatment of the brain tumor has vital importance. MRI
is the technique used to produce computerized image of
internal body tissues. Cells are growing in
uncontrollable manner this results in mass of
unwanted tissue which is called as tumor. CT-Scan and
MRI image which are diagnostic technique are used to
detect brain tumor and classifies in types malignant &
benign. This is difficult due to variations hence
techniques like image preprocessing, feature extraction
are used, there are many methods developed but they
have different results. In this paper we are going to
discuss the methods for detection of brain tumor and
evaluate them.
Key Words: Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), Brain
Tumor, Benign, Malignant, Preprocessing, Feature
extraction
1. INTRODUCTION
Brain tumor is one of the most common brain disease. The
brain tumor is unwanted growth of cells inside human
brain growing in uncontrollable manner. There are two
types of tumor Malignant and Benign. Malignant tumor
contains cancerous cells and grows rapidly. Benign tumor
are least aggressive their growth are self limited and they
don’t spread into other tissues. Tumors are classified by
the location of tumor’s origin and its malignancy as benign
and malignant. Primary brain tumors originate in the
brain. Secondary brain tumor the tumor expansion into
the brain results from other parts of the body. Malignant
tumor contain cancerous cells and they cannot be
removed easily which may lead to death hence malignant
tumors are more harmful than benign. In the MRI is the
widely used imaging technique in neuroscience and
neurosurgery for these applications. MRI gives
computerised view of internal body tissues. There are
various techniques used for detection of human brain
tumor
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Swati Ghare, Nikita Gaikwad[1] proposed an approach for
detection of shape and range of tumor in brain consisting
of the implementation of Simple Algorithm with the help
of MRI images. They used segmentation techniques to
detect brain tumor in their work. For extracting tumor
from MRI image denoised image was used in k-
means.Fuzzy C means was used for segmentation to
extract accurate shape of malignant tumor. The algorithm
has two stages, first is preprocessing of MRI image and
second is segmentation and performing analytical
operations.In their work they detected all the edges
present in the brain and considered only important edges.
It showed dangerous area by color red and less effected by
yellow. The results showed that fuzzy c mean is more
accurate than others.
Dina Aboul Dahab, Samy S. A. Ghoniemy[2] proposed
modified Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) model based
on learning vector quantization (LVQ) for the brain tumor
classification using MRI-scans. Various image
segmentation techniques are applied on MRI for detection
of tumor. For brain tumor classification there are four
steps:. The firstly ROI segmentation was done where the
boundary of the tumor in an MR image was identified,
feature extraction from ROI was second step the third step
was the feature selection, the last step was the
classification process in which learning a classification
model using the features. Comparing conventional PNN
system with LVQ-based PNN,it will decrease processing
time by 79%.
V.P.Gladis, Pushpa Rathi and Dr.S.Palani[3] introduced
method for classification of MR Images into normal and
abnormal one. This approach combined the various
features and classifies the tumor into matter& area. The
Support Vector Machine classifier used for comparison of
linear techniques Vs nonlinear techniques. For data
classification and dimensionality reduction Principal
Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis are
used. In PCA, when original dataset is transformed to a
different space the shape and location of the original data
sets change whereas LDA provide more class reparability
but doesn’t change the location The number of features

selected or features extracted by PCA and the classification
accuracy by SVM is 98.87%.
Rohini, Paul Joseph, C. Senthil Singh[4] proposed
segmentation of brain MRI image using K-means
clustering algorithm then applying morphological filtering
avoiding the misclustered regions that can be formed after
segmentation of MRI image for detecting the tumor
location. The algorithm was used on the brain MRI
images. In morphology, after defining the structuring
element it is passed over section of input image,this
section was defined by the neighbouring window of the
structuring element and the structuring element either
fitted or not fitted the input image. Morphological
operations erosion used for thinning of the objects and
dilation is used for thickening of the objects in the image.
Sunil L. Bangare, Madhura Patil [5] calculated Brain Tumor
area to define the Stage or level of seriousness of the
tumor.various techniques were looked into for area
calculations and for tumor position calculation Neural
Network algorithms were used. Their work consisted of
following Stages Image PreProcessing, Feature Extraction,
Segmentation using K-Means Algorithm and Fuzzy CMeans
Algorithm, Tumor Area calculation & Stage detection,
Classification and position calculation of tumor using
Neural Network. In their proposed work K-Means and
Fuzzy C-Means were used effectively to calculate the area
and stage of brain tumor. Initial and Critical stages of the
tumor were identified along with its position and shape.
Neural Network and Image processing was used for the
implementation
Khalil Tarhini, Soha Saleh[6] proposed to create a
segmentation program to extract an injured area in the
brain with minimal user contribution. A Matlab algorithm
was developed with a graphical user interface (GUI) to
easily identify a lesion, highlight a voxel in it and choose to
extract it and display it as a three dimensional image. The
algorithm used a sequence of morphological image
processing steps (contour closing) followed by region
growing segmentation. The results of the developed
program demonstrated successful extraction of lesion
from MRI data of patient with ischemic stroke.
Robert Velthuizen and Lawrence Hall[7] proposed an
approach using genetic algorithm. Their study was to
discover optimal feature extractors for MRI to increase
segmentation accuracy.A chromosome was evaluated by
decoding it into a linear transformation matrix A, applying
the transformation to the original feature vectors resulted
in extracted feature vectors.FCM was applied to the data
using other feature. The partition was labelled by
matching the clusters with the true class labels, and the
number of correctly classified pixels was counted resulting
in the fitness measure. Ground truth for MRI was obtained
using manual labelling. Using a fitness function depending
on how accure a tumor cluster is Three new features were
discovered, The true positive rate for tumor pixels on this
training slice increased from 85.9% with the original data
to 95.7% on the discovered features
Arun Tom and P.Jitesh [8] proposed geometric
transformation invariant method for detection of tumor
in various positions orientations and scales, at a better
rate compared to the other methods. The method
combined three features (texture ,shape and position) for
formation of feature vector, for detection of infected parts
in image. They used a Shape analysis, shape signature,
texture analysis, shape retrieval techniques for improving
the accuracy of detection process, they employed a
preprocessing step to denoise and enhance the images.
The analysis and results of the method and highlights on
the accuracy of the method to properly identified the
tumor parts in an MRI.
Anupurba Nandi[9] proposed a method for improving the
classification of brain tumor by using Clustering and
morphological operators used for biomedical image
segmentation as it is used in unsupervised learning. She
used K-Means clustering where the detected tumor
showed some abnormality which was then rectified by the
use of morphological operators to meet the goal of
separating the tumor cells from the normal cells. along
with basic image processing techniques The
disadvantage of watershed algorithm is that it is very
sensitive to local minima. The image with noise, this will
influence the segmentation hence it cannot be directly
used as input image.
Jin Wang, Can Feng[10] proposed a fully automatic
technique for brain tumor segmentation from
multispectral human brain MRIs.for representation of
normal and abnormal tissues and generating a dictionary
for classification of tissues they used intensities of
different patches in multispectral MRIs.To classify the
brain tumor and normal brain tissue in the whole image
the sparse representation classification was applied. At
last, the Markov random field regularization introduced
spatial constraints to the SRC. The brain tumor
segmentation results of their algorithm for a real patient

and simulated 3D data. By comparing the results it was
found that Jaccard scores of SRC are higher than those of
MLR classifier and efficiency was increased from 82 to
93%.
Zaw Zaw Htike, Shoon Lei Win[11] proposed an
automatic brain tumor detection and localization
framework that could detect and localize brain tumor in
MRI. Their proposed framework comprised of five steps:
image acquisition, preprocessing, edge detection, modified
histogram clustering and morphological operations. They
used 50 neuroimages for optimization of their system and
100 out-of-sample neuroimages to test the system. The
proposed system was able to accurately detect and
localize brain tumor in MRI. The results showed that a
simple machine learning classifier showed that
classification accuracy was very high and efficiency of this
approach is very high.. The proposed system achieved an
error rate of 8% in identifying and localizing tumors and
the accuracy was calculated to be 92%
J.Selvakumar and A.Lakshmi[12] propsed the Brain
Tumor Segmentation and Its Area Calculation in Brain MR
Images using K-Mean Clustering and Fuzzy C-Mean
Algorithm. It dealt with the implementation of Simple
Algorithm for range detection and shape detection in MRI
images. The MRI image was examined by the physician.
The proposed system consists of four modules:
preprocessing, segmentation, Feature extraction, and
approximate reasoning. The proposed method was a
combination of two algorithms. Then for accurate tumor
shape extraction segmentation is done by using fuzzy C-
means.At last postion calculation and tumor shape
calculation were done. By comparing existing algorithms
with this technique more accurate results were obtained.
N. NandhaGopal, Dr. M. Karnan[13] designed a system to
diagnose brain tumor through MRI using image processing
clustering algorithms such as Fuzzy C Means along with
intelligent optimization tools, such as Genetic Algorithm
and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).The detection of
tumor was performed in two phases: first stage consisted
of preprocessing and then enhancement and in second
phase segmentation and classification was performed.
There were three Techniques are used for detection of
brain tumor such as Hierarchical Self Organizing Map with
Fuzzy C-Means, Genetic Algorithm with Fuzzy C-Means
and Ant Colony Optimization with Fuzzy C-Means .Each of
these techniques performance analysis and the pixel and
position accuracy was calculated for 120MRI images.
Accuracy of this technique is 92%.
Sneha Khare and Neelesh Gupta[14] proposed a system
that has been implemented using Genetic Algorithm, Curve
Fitting and Support Vector Machine. Genetic Algorithm has
been used to create segments of the image. To improve
the segmenting curve fitting is used. After segmenting the
image, the features have been extracted from the
segments. These features are then classified using Support
Vector Machine. Here training had been performed using
Support Vector Machine on few sets of images. The
method then segments the input MRI brain image. The GA
has been applied to segment the images by assigning the
entropy as optimization parameters. Curve Fitting has
been employed. And features are extracted.Based on the
parameters authors determine the efficiency of the
proposed method with the Mahalanobis Distance. The
proposed method gives 16.39% accuracy and 9.53%
precision than the Mahalanobis Distance.
Anis Ladgham and Anis Sakly[15] proposed a novel
optimal algorithm for MRI brain tumor recognition. they
used the Modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm and
fitness function The fitness function calculations were
linked to the image. The process of evolution to the best
particles in each memplex was limited to the evolution to
the global best solution. The stage of evaluation of
particles by the fitness function was replaced by the
evaluation of the memplexes. Each memplex contained 8
frogs generated arbitrarily. Each frog was coded on 8 bits.
The algorithm was coded in Matlab 7.9 and it was
executed on a Personal Computer.` The two meta-
heuristics used their proposed fitness function. It was
found that MSFLA maintained more details of the tumor
regions compared to the original SFLA.
Olfa Limam and Fouad Ben Abdelazizwe[16] proposed a
fuzzy clustering approach having multiple objectives
producing a set of Pareto from which to be the final
clustering solution the best solution was choosed. They
conducted an experimental study on two brain image
datasets. they compared their method to four fuzzy
clustering algorithms, The FCM, the multiobjective genetic
algorithm, the multiobjective variable genetic algorithm,
by computing a performance measure namely percentage
classification accuracy. For MS lesion brain images data,
they applied the same fuzzy clustering algorithms for
these five Z planes Z2, Z40, Z90, Z125 and Z140, chosen
randomly. Results reported the %CA index scores for FCM,

MOGA.MOVGA and M-MOVGA for these images. The
evolved number of clusters for each algorithm was
represented for each image.
Haoyu Zhang, Tughrul Arslan[17] investigated the use of
Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based signal
processing to improve the noise performance of an UWB
based microwave imaging system for brain cancer
detection. Firstly, white noise was added to the pulse
recieved in a microwave imaging system, so that SNRs
were 60dB and 45dB, respectively. These noisy signals
were then processed and de-noised using the DWT. The
de-noised signals were used to create cross-sectional
images of a cancerous brain model. These resulting images
demonstrated the validity of a DWT based de-noising
method forebrain cancer detection.The results showed the
accuracy of DWT for microwave imaging based brain
cancer detection.
MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION:
Let S = be a system for Brain Tumor Detection
Where o is successful Tumor Detection
S={s,e,i,o,f}
Where, s =MRI image
e =Classification
i =MRI Image
o =Tumor Detection
F ={f1,f2,f3,f4}
f1=image preprocessing
f2=image segmentation
f3=KNN algorithm
f4=C-Means algorithm
o=classification and detection
Success: When tumor is detected successfully
Failure: When tumor is not detected
Accuracy = (Correctly Predicted Tumors / Total Testing
Cases) * 100 percent
Input dataset:
In our proposed work,we uses MR image as an input for
detecting tumor in human brain. MRI (Magnetic
Resonance Imaging) is a diagnostic technique that
produces computerized images of internal body tissues
We will use MR images in .bmp format which are black and
white in color and we will perform scaling and smoothing
operations on it
IMPLEMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
 Feature Extraction: Feature Extraction is used to
obtain most relavent information from original
data by using diﬀerent techniques. It is used when
image size is large and feature representation is
needed to complete the tasks quickly.
 kNN Algorithm: k nearest algorithm combines k
nearest points based on their distances and joins
them in a cluster and these clusters are then
evaluated.
 C--Means Algorithm: C-means algorithm
removes empty clusters and shows the region of
interest only.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE:
OBJECTIVES
 To detect brain tumor using image processing
 To increase accuracy
 To improve the existing work

 To implement KNN(K nearest Neighbor ) and C-
mean
CONSTRAINTS
 The area restricts the use of software in other
fields.
 It will find its application in medical field only
RESULT ANALYSIS:
EXISTING SYSTEM:
Existing method provides size of tumor and the number of
pixels in it but the proposed system will give shape and
size as well as type of the tumor The existing system had a
limitation that it does not predict the type and shape or
size of the tumor,it dealt with number of pixels which is
not useful for earlier detection of tumor.
Table -1: Existing System Result
Sr.
No.
Tumor Detected Existing Method
(no.of Pixels)
1 Tumor 1:Large Sized 195.87
2 Tumor 2:Small Sized 100.25
PROPOSED SYSTEM
The existing system was able to determine tumor but
it was unable to give shape and size of tumor as well
as it was unable to classify tumor and detect it at its
earliest stage which was overcame in proposed
system.
Proposed System detects the type of tumor by using
the value of scaling factor:
Scaling = 0 to 30 Benign Tumor
Scaling = 30 to 40 Benign Tumor
Scaling = 40 to 50 Malignant Tumor
3. CONCLUSION
In our paper We proposed Brain tumor detection system
which combines kNN and C-Means algorithm. Where MR
Image is taken as an input and preprocessing is done on it
and the results showed that proposed method is an
efficient brain tumor detection technique and it enhances
the tumor detection done by existing system.
REFERENCES:
[1] B.K Saptalakar and Rajeshwari.H, “ Segmentation based
detection of brain tumor“ , International Journal of
Computer and Electronics Research,vol. 2, pp. 20-23,
February 2013.
[2] Ramesh Babu Vallabhaneni1, V.Rajesh “ btswash:Brain
tumour Segmentation by water shed algorithm “,
Vadeswaram,Guntur,India. January 2015.
[3] Mangipudi Partha Sarathi, Mohammed Ahmed Ansari,
Vaclav Uher, Radim Burget , and Malay Kishore Dutta,
“Automated brain tumor segmentation using novel feature
point detector and seeded region growing“, International
Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing
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[4] K. S. Angel Viji and Dr. J. Jayakumari, “Modified texture
based region growing segmentation of MR brain images“,
MRI No. Tumor
Type
Scaling Tumor
Count
Tumor
Size(mm)
MRI 1 Benign 27 1 27*43
MRI 2 Benign 20 3 31*20
50*56,
26 *84
MRI 3 Malignant 34 1 34*45
MRI 4 Benign 19 2 26*19
26*46
MRI 5 Malignant 32 2 23*16
33*16

IEEE Conference on Information and Communication
Technologies, pp. 691-695,April 2013.
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