Hack Recognition In Wireless Sensor Network

B. Srinivasulu et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 9( Version 4), September 2014, pp.109-113
www.ijera.com 109 | P a g e
Hack Recognition In Wireless Sensor Network B. Srinivasulu1, K. J. Pavithran Kumar2, S. Ramachandra3, Md. Roshini4 1,2,3,4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mother Teresa Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor, AP, India. Abstract: A wireless sensor network can get separated into multiple connected components due to the failure of some of its nodes, which is called a ―cut‖. In this article we consider the problem of detecting cuts by the remaining nodes of a wireless sensor network. We propose an algorithm that allows like every node to detect when the connectivity to a specially designated node has been lost, and one or more nodes (that are connected to the special node after the cut) to detect the occurrence of the cut. The algorithm is distributed and asynchronous: every node needs to communicate with only those nodes that are within its communication range. The algorithm is based on the iterative computation of a fictitious ―electrical potential‖ of the nodes. The convergence rate of the underlying iterative scheme is independent of the size and structure of the network. Key Terms: Wireless networks, sensor networks, network separation, detection and estimation, iterative computation.
I. INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a promising technology for monitoring large regions at high spatial and temporal resolution. In fact, node failure is expected to be quite common due to the typically limited energy budget of the nodes that are powered by small batteries. Failure of a set of nodes will reduce the number of multi-hop paths in the network. Such failures can cause a subset of nodes – that have not failed – to become disconnected from the rest, resulting in a ―cut‖. Two nodes are said to be disconnected if there is no path between them. We consider the problem of detecting cuts by the nodes of a wireless network. We assume that there is a specially designated node in the network, which we call the source node. The source node may be a base station that serves as an interface between the network and its users. Since a cut may or may not separate a node from the source node, we distinguish between two distinct outcomes of a cut for a particular node. When a node u is disconnected from the source, we say that a DOS (Disconnected from Source) event has occurred for u. When a cut occurs in the network that does not separate a node u from the source node, we say that CCOS (Connected, but a Cut Occurred Somewhere) event has occurred for u. By cut detection we mean: Detection by each node of a DOS event when it occurs, and Detection of CCOS events by the nodes close to a cut, and the approximate location of the cut. By ―approximate location‖ of a cut we mean the location of one or more active nodes that lie at the boundary of the cut and that are connected to the source. Nodes that detect the occurrence and approximate locations of the cuts can then alert the source node or the base station. To see the benefits of a cut detection capability, imagine that a sensor that wants to send data to the source node has been disconnected from the source node. Without the knowledge of the network‘s disconnected state, it may simply forward the data to the next node in the routing tree, which will do the same to its next node, and so on. However, this message passing merely wastes precious energy of the nodes; the cut prevents the data from reaching the destination. Therefore, on one hand, if a node were able to detect the occurrence of a cut, it could simply wait for the network to be repaired and eventually reconnected, which saves onboard energy of multiple nodes and prolongs their lives. On the other hand, the ability of the source node to detect the occurrence and location of a cut will allow it to undertake network repair. Thus, the ability to detect cuts by both the disconnected nodes and the source node will lead to the increase in the operational lifetime of the network as a whole. A method of repairing a disconnected network by using mobile nodes has been proposed. Algorithms for detecting cuts, as the one proposed here, can serve as useful tools for such network repairing methods. A review of prior work on cut detection in sensor networks and others, is included in the Supplementary Material .In this article we propose a distributed algorithm to detect cuts, named the Distributed Cut Detection (DCD) algorithm. The algorithm allows each node to detect DOS events and a subset of nodes to detect CCOS events. The algorithm we propose is distributed and asynchronous: it involves only local communication
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

between neighboring nodes, and is robust to temporary communication failure between node pairs. A key component of the DCD algorithm is a distributed iterative computational step through which the nodes compute their (fictitious) electrical potentials. The convergence rate of the computation is independent of the size and structure of the network. The DOS detection part of the algorithm is applicable to arbitrary networks; a node only needs to communicate a scalar variable to its eighbors. The CCOS detection part of the algorithm is limited to networks that are deployed in 2D Euclidean spaces, and nodes need to know their own positions. The position information need not be highly accurate. The proposed algorithm is an extension of our previous work, which partially examined the DOS detection problem. II. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) has many challenges such as nature of wireless media and multimedia information transmission. Consequently traditional mechanisms for network layers are no longer acceptable or applicable for these networks. Wireless sensor network can get separated into multiple connected components due to the failure of some of its nodes, which is called a ―cut‖. Existing cut detection system deployed only for wired networks. Disadvantages 1. Unsuitable for dynamic network reconfiguration. 2. Single path routing approach.
2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a promising technology for monitoring large regions at high spatial and temporal resolution .Failure of a set of nodes will reduce the number of multi-hop paths in the network. Such failures can cause a subset of nodes – that have not failed – to become disconnected from the rest, resulting in a ―cut‖. Two nodes are said to be disconnected if there is no path between them. We consider the problem of detecting cuts by the nodes of a wireless network. We assume that there is a specially designated node in the network, which we call the source node .Since a cut may or may not separate a node from the source node, we distinguish between two distinct outcomes of a cut for a particular node. When a node u is disconnected from the source, we say that a DOS (Disconnected frOm Source) event has occurred for u. When a cut occurs in the network that does not separate a node u from the source node, we say that CCOS (Connected, but a Cut Occurred Somewhere) event has occurred for u. By cut detection we mean detection by each node of a DOS event when it occurs, and detection of CCOS events by the nodes close to a cut, and the approximate location of the cut. In this article we propose a distributed algorithm to detect cuts, named the Distributed Cut Detection (DCD) algorithm. The algorithm allows each node to detect DOS events and a subset of nodes to detect CCOS events. The algorithm we propose is distributed and asynchronous: it involves only local communication between neighboring nodes, and is robust to temporary communication failure between node pairs The convergence rate of the computation is independent of the size and structure of the network. 2.3 SYSTEM STUDY The feasibility of the project is analyzed in this phase and business proposal is put forth with a very general plan for the project and some cost estimates. During system analysis the feasibility study of the proposed system is to be carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the company. For feasibility analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system is essential. Three key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are
 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY
 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
2.3.1 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY This study is carried out to check the economic impact that the system will have on the organization. The amount of fund that the company can pour into the research and development of the system is limited. The expenditures must be justified. Thus the developed system as well within the budget and this was achieved because most of the technologies used are freely available. Only the customized products had to be purchased.
2.3.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
This study is carried out to check the technical feasibility, that is, the technical requirements of the system. Any system developed must not have a high demand on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands on the available technical resources. This will lead to high demands being placed on the client. The developed system must have a modest requirement, as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing this system. 2.3.3 SOCIAL FEASIBILITY
The aspect of study is to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This includes the process of training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by the system, instead must accept it as a necessity. The

level of acceptance by the users solely depends on the
methods that are employed to educate the user about
the system and to make him familiar with it. His level
of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to
make some constructive criticism, which is
welcomed, as he is the final user of the system.
III. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation is the stage of the project when
the theoretical design is turned out into a working
system. Thus it can be considered to be the most
critical stage in achieving a successful new system
and in giving the user, confidence that the new
system will work and be effective. The
implementation stage involves careful planning,
investigation of the existing system and it‘s
constraints on implementation, designing of methods
to achieve changeover and evaluation of changeover
methods.
Class Diagram:
SOURCE NODE
StringBuffer :sb
srvint: in
static sourcenodewin: nw
sourcenode()
sendfile(String,String,String,StringBuffer)
NODE A
StringBuffer :sb
srvint: in
static nodeAwin: nw
nodeA()
NODE B
StringBuffer :sb
srvint: in
static nodeBwin: nw
nodeB()
NODE C
StringBuffer :sb
srvint: in
static nodeCwin: nw
nodeC()
NODE F
StringBuffer :sb
srvint: in
static nodeFwin: nw
nodeF()
NODE E
StringBuffer :sb
srvint: in
static nodeEwin: nw
nodeE()
NODE D
StringBuffer :sb
srvint: in
static nodeDwin: nw
nodeD()
Module Description
Distributed Cut Detection
The algorithm allows each node to detect DOS
events and a subset of nodes to detect CCOS events.
The algorithm we propose is distributed and
asynchronous: it involves only local communication
between neighboring nodes, and is robust to
temporary communication failure between node
pairs. A key component of the DCD algorithm is a
distributed iterative computational step through
which the nodes compute their (fictitious) electrical
potentials. The convergence rate of the computation
is independent of the size and structure of the
network.
Cut
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a promising
technology for monitoring large regions at high
spatial and temporal resolution. In fact, node failure
is expected to be quite common due to the typically
limited energy budget of the nodes that are powered
by small batteries. Failure of a set of nodes will
reduce the number of multi-hop paths in the network.
Such failures can cause a subset of nodes – that have
not failed – to become disconnected from the rest,
resulting in a ―cut‖. Two nodes are said to be
disconnected if there is no path between them.
Source Node
We consider the problem of detecting cuts by the
nodes of a wireless network. We assume that there is
a specially designated node in the network, which we
call the source node. The source node may be a base
station that serves as an interface between the
network and its users.Since a cut may or may not
separate a node from the source node, we distinguish
between two distinct outcomes of a cut for a
particular node.
Ccos and Dos
When a node u is disconnected from the source, we
say that a DOS (Disconnected frOm Source) event
has occurred for u. When a cut occurs in the network
that does not separate a node u from the source node,
we say that CCOS (Connected, but a Cut Occurred
Somewhere) event has occurred for u. By cut
detection we mean
(i) Detection by each node of a DOS event
when it occurs, and
(ii) Detection of CCOS events by the nodes
close to a cut, and the approximate location
of the cut.
Network Separation
Failure of a set of nodes will reduce the number of
multi-hop paths in the network. Such failures can
cause a subset of nodes – that have not failed – to
become disconnected from the rest, resulting in a
―cut‖. Because of cut, some nodes may separate from
the network, that results the separated nodes can‘t
receive the data from the source node.
CCOS Detection Performance
Recall that the CCOS detection part of the algorithm
is not applicable to 3D networks, so it was only tested
on networks, the path of the probes and their
originating nodes in the network. Two probes were
triggered by nodes close to the cut on the upper right
corner; both of them were absorbed when the length
of their path traversed exceeded ‗max hops, which
led to correctly detecting CCOS events. Among three
probes that were triggered by nodes near small holes
in this network, one of them—near the hole in the
upper left corner—failed to find a path back to its

originating node, leading to an erroneous declaration of an CCOS event by the absorbing node. The probability of a CCOS1/0 error in this case is therefore 0.33. It summarizes the performance of the CCOS detection part of algorithm. The CCOS detection error probabilities are 0 except in case of the network. Simulation studies reported in the Supplementary Material, which can be found on the Computer Society Digital Library at that imprecise position information has little effect on the performance of the CCOS detection part of the algorithm. IV SCREEN SHOTS
V CONCLUSION
The DCD algorithm we propose here enables every node of a wireless sensor network to detect DOS (Disconnected frOm Source) events if they occur. Second, it enables a subset of nodes that experience CCOS (Connected, but Cut Occurred Somewhere) events to detect them and estimate the approximate location of the cut in the form of a list of active nodes that lie at the boundary of the cut/hole.

The DOS and CCOS events are defined with respect
to a specially designated source node. The algorithm
is based on ideas from electrical network theory and
parallel iterative solution of linear equations.
Numerical simulations, as well as experimental
evaluation on a real WSN system consisting of micaZ
motes, show that the algorithm works effectively
with a large classes of graphs of varying size and
structure, without requiring changes in the
parameters. For certain scenarios, the algorithm is
assured to detect connection and disconnection to the
source node without error. A key strength of the
DCD algorithm is that the convergence rate of the
underlying iterative scheme is quite fast and
independent of the size and structure of the network,
which makes detection using this algorithm quite
fast. Application of the DCD algorithm to detect node
separation and reconnection to the source in mobile
networks is a topic of ongoing research.
REFERNCES
[1] G. Dini, M. Pelagatti, and I. M. Savino, ―An
algorithm for reconnecting wireless sensor
network partitions,‖ in European Conference
on Wireless Sensor Networks, 2008, pp. 253–
267.
[2] N. Shrivastava, S. Suri, and C. D. T´oth,
―Detecting cuts in sensor networks,‖ ACM
Trans. Sen. Netw., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–25,
2008.
[3] H. Ritter, R. Winter, and J. Schiller, ―A
partition detection system for mobile ad-hoc
networks,‖ in First Annual IEEE
Communications Society Conference on
Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and
Networks (IEEE SECON 2004), Oct. 2004,
pp. 489–497.
[4] M. Hauspie, J. Carle, and D. Simplot,
―Partition detection in mobile ad-hoc
networks,‖ in 2nd Mediterranean Workshop on
Ad-Hoc Networks, 2003, pp. 25–27.
[5] P. Barooah, ―Distributed cut detection in
sensor networks,‖ in 47th IEEE Conference on
Decision and Control, December 2008, pp.
1097– 1102.
[6] A. D. Wood, J. A. Stankovic, and S. H. Son,
―Jam: A jammed-area mapping service for
sensor networks,‖ in IEEE Real Time System
Symposium, 2003.
[7] J. Hill, R. Szewczyk, A. Woo, S. Hollar, D.
Culler, and K. Pister, ―System architecture
directions for networked sensors,‖ in
Proceedings of international conference on
Architectural support for Programming
languages and operating systems (ASPLOS),
2000.
Author’s Profile
Mr. B.Srinivasulu, Post Graduated
in Computer Science Engineering
(M.Tech) From JNTU, Hyderabad in
2010 and Graduated in Computer
Science Engineering (B.Tech) from
JNTUH, in 2008. He is working as
Assistant Professor in Department of Computer Science
& Engineering in Mother Theresa Institute of
Engineering & Technology, Palamaner, Chittoor Dt.,
AP, India. He has 5+ years of Teaching Experience. His
research interests include Network Security, Cloud
Computing & Data Warehousing and Data Mining.
Mr. K.J. Pavithran Kumar, Post
Graduated in Computer Science &
Engineering (M.Tech), SRI
VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, 2013
and Graduated in Computer Science &
Engineering (B.Tech), Sri Krishna Devaraya University,
2007. He is working presently as an Assistant Professor
in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering
in Mother Theresa Institute of Engineering
&Technology, Palamaner, Chittoor Dt., A.P, INDIA.
He has 5 years Experience. He has interest in Cloud
Computing, Data Mining, Image Processing, Parallel
and Distributed computing and Computer Networks.
Mr. S.Ramachandra Post Graduated
in Computer Science & Engineering
(M.Tech), Madanapalle Institute Of
Technology And Sciences, 2012 and
Graduated in Computer Science &
Engineering (B.Tech), Madanapalle
Institute Of Technology And Sceinces,
2009. He is working presently as an Assistant Professor
in the Department of Computer Science & Engineering
in Mother Theresa Institute of Engineering
He has 5 years Experience. He has interest in Cloud
Mrs. M. ROSHINI Post Graduated in
Computer Science & Engineering
(M.Tech), Madina Engineering
College, KADAPA, 2011. She is
working presently as an Assistant
Professor in the Department of
Computer Science & Engineering in
Mother Theresa Institute of Engineering
She has 3+ years Experience. Her interest in Cloud

Hack Recognition In Wireless Sensor Network

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