Performance Analysis of Encryption Algorithm for Network Security on Parallel Computing Environment
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The paper analyzes the performance of cryptographic algorithms, specifically the Caesar cipher and RSA, in a parallel computing environment using OpenMP. It demonstrates that parallel execution significantly reduces execution time compared to sequential methods. The findings suggest that enhanced security measures are essential for addressing network security challenges in the future.
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![IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 2, Issue 07, 2014 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 336
Performance Analysis of Encryption Algorithm for Network Security on
Parallel Computing Environment
A. Varalakshmi Harika1
T. Saranya2
M. Narayana Moorthi3
1,2,3
Department of Computing Science and Engineering
1,2,3
VIT University, Vellore
Abstract— Nowadays the typical desktop computer
processors have four or more independent CPU core, which
are called as multi-core processors to execute instructions.
So parallel programming language come into play to
execute instructions concurrently for multi core architecture
using openMP. Users prefer cryptographic algorithms to
encrypt and decrypt data in order to send it securely over an
unsafe environment like the internet. This paper describes
the implementation and test results of Caesar cipher and
RSA cryptographic algorithms in parallelization are done
using OpenMP API 3.1 Standard and performance Analysis.
According to our test results, the parallel design approach
for security algorithm exhibits improved performance over
the sequential approach in terms of execution of time
Key words: OpenMP, API, CPU, PVM
I. INTRODUCTION
Network security [1] is responsible for protecting data from
unauthorized access. It comprises three main pillars:
confidentiality, integrity and availability. Confidentiality
means restricting unauthorized parties from obtaining
information. Integrity means the data has not been changed
after it had been sent and before receiving it. Availability
means the data is available at any time it is requested,
whereas the requesting party is authorized. Confidentiality
and integrity is being done using cryptography [6].
Availability is being done by another technique.
A. Cryptography
The art or science contains the methods of transforming a
plain message into cipher message [4], and then
retransforming that message back to its original form.
1) Basic terminology
Plaintext: Original Message.
Ciphertext: Coded message.
Cipher: Algorithm for transforming [7] plaintext to cipher
text.
Key: Information used in cipher to encrypt and decrypt.
Encipher: Converting plaintext to ciphertext.
Decipher: Recovering cipher text from plaintext.
Fig. 1: Diagrammatic Representation of basic terminology
B. Parallel Programming
The principle of parallel computing are large problems can
be divided into smaller ones, and are the solved
concurrently.
It enhances the performance of the program and reduces the
execution time.
Different forms of parallel computing
Bit Level
Instruction Level
Data parallelism
Task Parallelism
Use:
Save time/Money
Solve larger problems
Provide concurrency
Use of non Local resources
Parallel Programming language allows us to explicitly
indicate how the different portions of the computation may
be executed concurrently by the different processors.
A lot of techniques available such as PVM (Parallel
Virtual Machine), MPI (Multiple Process Interface),
pthreads, OpenMP (Open Multi Processing), Intel CT,
charm, cilk, TBB (Threading Building Blocks), OpenCL
(Open Computing Language), can be considered as
programming models to evaluate parallel processing
environment. In this paper we will analyze the performance
through OpenMP.
OpenMP: OpenMP [2] stands for Open Multi
Processing, which is a portable shared memory application
programming interface (API) for writing shared memory
parallel applications in c, c++ and FORTRAN. OpenMP
API Consists of Compiler Directives. Runtime
subroutines/functions. Environment variables. It uses
typically Fork-Join Model to achieve parallelism. The
parallel task is specified by #pragma omp parallel .This is
the way we specify the explicit parallelism.
II. PROPOSED ALGORITHM
A. Caesar Cipher
In this algorithm, each letter of the message can be replaced
[8] by a letter a fixed distance away.
Description of Algorithm:
Encryption E (k):
I → i + k mod 26
Decryption D (k):
I → i - k mod 26
Observation values for serial and parallel is shown in the
following table.
B. Serial
Observation Values
Plain
text(Input)
Characters Key
value(Input)
Execution
time(Output)
Welcome 7 3 30.289
Network 7 18 9.9873
Network 15 780 6.6728](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijsrdv2i7149-150918121922-lva1-app6891/85/Performance-Analysis-of-Encryption-Algorithm-for-Network-Security-on-Parallel-Computing-Environment-1-320.jpg)
![Performance Analysis of Encryption Algorithm for Network Security on Parallel Computing Environment
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/076)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 337
Security
Parallel
programming
20 10987 8.9521
Cyber security 14 1089997 12.965
Table 1: Table representation of observation values
Fig. 2: Graphical Representation of performance analysis of
Caesar cipher in Serial
C. Parallel
Observation Values:
Plain text Charact
ers
Key
value(Inp
ut)
Execution
time(Outp
ut)
Speed
Up
Welcome 7 3 9698 0.0031
23
Network 7 9 6250 0.0015
97
Network
Security
14 789 11003 6.0645
27
Parallel
Programm
ing
19 10345 13196 6.7839
49
Cyber
Security
13 178966 17450 7.4297
99
Table 2: Table representation of observation values
Fig. 3: Graphical Representation of performance analysis of
Caesar cipher in parallel
D. RSA
Description of Algorithm:
The RSA algorithm involves 3 steps:
1) Key generation
Choose 2 distinct prime [4] numbers p and q.
Calculate n such that n=PQ.
N will be used as the modules for both the
public & private keys.
Calculate the totient of n,ᴓ(n)
ᴓ (n) = (p-1) (q-1)
Choose a prime number e,such that e is co-prime to
ᴓ(n)
Ie e and ᴓ (n) does not have common divisors other
than 1.
E is kept as the public key eponent.
Public key is (n, e).
Private key calculation:
E*j=1[mod ᴓ (n)]
2) Encryption
Pe
=E (mod n)
3) Decryption
Ej
=p (mod n)
a) Serial
Observation Values
Prime
numbers
E Plain
text
Cipher
Text
Execution
time(sec)
3,17 5 13 12 16.60253
3,11 3 13 16 18.62890
5,15 3 13 14 7.447266
7,17 5 13 15 12.85742
7,13 7 13 16 8.453125
Table 3: Table representation of observation values](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijsrdv2i7149-150918121922-lva1-app6891/85/Performance-Analysis-of-Encryption-Algorithm-for-Network-Security-on-Parallel-Computing-Environment-2-320.jpg)
![Performance Analysis of Encryption Algorithm for Network Security on Parallel Computing Environment
(IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/076)
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 338
Fig. 4: Graphical Representation of performance analysis of
RSA in serial
b) Parallel
Observation Values:
Prime
numbers
E Plain
text
Cipher
Text
Execution
time(ms)
Speed
Up
3,17 5 13 12 8418 0.00197
3,11 3 13 16 8932 0.00208
5,15 3 13 14 10454 7.12384
7,17 5 13 15 26661 4.82254
7,13 7 13 16 20377 4.14836
Table 4: Table representation of RSA
Figure 5: Graphical Representation of performance analysis
of RSA in parallel
III. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
I conclude my paper saying that using OpenMP we
proposed two algorithms and perform the analysis of the
algorithms with different observation values as the program
execution time decreases using parallel computing. For
Network related issues, much more advanced security
measures have to be taken because many hackers and many
algorithms are there to break the authentication information
by unknown users, which lead to great loss. Hence Network
security challenges have to be improved in future using
advanced technology systems.
REFERENCES
[1] “Network Security”, http://isc.sans.edu/presentations.
[2] “Guide to open MP” ,
http://bisqwit.iki.fi/story/howto/openmp/.
[3] Ferguson,”Cryptography Engineering: Design
principles and Practical applications”, 2010.
[4] Dr.Sudesh Jakhar,”Distinction between Secret key and
Public key Cryptography”, IJEIM, vol.1, 2012.
[5] Yogesh Kumar,”comparison of symmetric and
asymmetric cryptography”, IJCMS 2011.
[6] Atul Kahte, “Cryptography, Network Security”, 2nd
Edition.
[7] W. Diffie, Directions in Cryptography, 2009.
[8] Himani Agarwal, Analysis of various Cryptography,
Dec-2010.
[9] X. Qin, Jiang, “Driven scheduling of parallel real-time
jobs”, Computer Science, New Mexico Institute of
Mining and Technology”, ACM, pp.1-29, 2000.
[10]K. Bella, jong,” Improving Security of Real-time
Systems with Nonuniform Distribution of Checkpoints
“, International conference on computer
communication network (ICCCN), pp.1-7, Aug 2007.
[11]G. Manimaran and C. S. R. Murthy," An efficient
scheduling algorithm for Multi Machine systems”,
IJACR, pp.48-55, Volume-2,Decemeber-2012.
[12]T. Nandagopal, Kim, GAO, “MAC Layer wireless
packet networks”, IEEE, pp.2-5,June 1999.
[13]T. Karygiannis,” Bluetooth and Handheld Devices”,
NIST Publication, pp.2-7,November 2002.
[14]Yongguang Zhang ,Wenke Lee, Yi-An Huang, College
of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology,
“Mobile Wireless Networks”, pp.1-16, Feb.2003.
[15]Manisha, Gaurav Gupta, Department of Computer
Science Engineering , “Wireless Sensor Network
Attacks”, International Journal of Advanced Research
in Computer Science and Software Engineering,
Volume 3, pp.1-8, October 2013.
[16]Jaspher W. Kathrine, Arun Raj,School of Computer
Science and Technology, “Packet Scheduling
Algorithms in Different Wireless Technology”, IJERT,
Vol.ume 1,pp.1-6, October – 2012.
[17]Rachana A Gupta, Mo-Yuen Chow, Avesh Kumar
Agarwal, Wenye Wang, Electrical and Computer
Engineering, “Performance assessment for next
generation wireless distributed network systems”,
pp.1-6, Nov-2013.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ijsrdv2i7149-150918121922-lva1-app6891/85/Performance-Analysis-of-Encryption-Algorithm-for-Network-Security-on-Parallel-Computing-Environment-3-320.jpg)
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- 2. Performance Analysis of Encryption Algorithm for Network Security on Parallel Computing Environment (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/076) All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 337 Security Parallel programming 20 10987 8.9521 Cyber security 14 1089997 12.965 Table 1: Table representation of observation values Fig. 2: Graphical Representation of performance analysis of Caesar cipher in Serial C. Parallel Observation Values: Plain text Charact ers Key value(Inp ut) Execution time(Outp ut) Speed Up Welcome 7 3 9698 0.0031 23 Network 7 9 6250 0.0015 97 Network Security 14 789 11003 6.0645 27 Parallel Programm ing 19 10345 13196 6.7839 49 Cyber Security 13 178966 17450 7.4297 99 Table 2: Table representation of observation values Fig. 3: Graphical Representation of performance analysis of Caesar cipher in parallel D. RSA Description of Algorithm: The RSA algorithm involves 3 steps: 1) Key generation Choose 2 distinct prime [4] numbers p and q. Calculate n such that n=PQ. N will be used as the modules for both the public & private keys. Calculate the totient of n,ᴓ(n) ᴓ (n) = (p-1) (q-1) Choose a prime number e,such that e is co-prime to ᴓ(n) Ie e and ᴓ (n) does not have common divisors other than 1. E is kept as the public key eponent. Public key is (n, e). Private key calculation: E*j=1[mod ᴓ (n)] 2) Encryption Pe =E (mod n) 3) Decryption Ej =p (mod n) a) Serial Observation Values Prime numbers E Plain text Cipher Text Execution time(sec) 3,17 5 13 12 16.60253 3,11 3 13 16 18.62890 5,15 3 13 14 7.447266 7,17 5 13 15 12.85742 7,13 7 13 16 8.453125 Table 3: Table representation of observation values
- 3. Performance Analysis of Encryption Algorithm for Network Security on Parallel Computing Environment (IJSRD/Vol. 2/Issue 07/2014/076) All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 338 Fig. 4: Graphical Representation of performance analysis of RSA in serial b) Parallel Observation Values: Prime numbers E Plain text Cipher Text Execution time(ms) Speed Up 3,17 5 13 12 8418 0.00197 3,11 3 13 16 8932 0.00208 5,15 3 13 14 10454 7.12384 7,17 5 13 15 26661 4.82254 7,13 7 13 16 20377 4.14836 Table 4: Table representation of RSA Figure 5: Graphical Representation of performance analysis of RSA in parallel III. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK I conclude my paper saying that using OpenMP we proposed two algorithms and perform the analysis of the algorithms with different observation values as the program execution time decreases using parallel computing. For Network related issues, much more advanced security measures have to be taken because many hackers and many algorithms are there to break the authentication information by unknown users, which lead to great loss. Hence Network security challenges have to be improved in future using advanced technology systems. REFERENCES [1] “Network Security”, http://isc.sans.edu/presentations. [2] “Guide to open MP” , http://bisqwit.iki.fi/story/howto/openmp/. [3] Ferguson,”Cryptography Engineering: Design principles and Practical applications”, 2010. [4] Dr.Sudesh Jakhar,”Distinction between Secret key and Public key Cryptography”, IJEIM, vol.1, 2012. [5] Yogesh Kumar,”comparison of symmetric and asymmetric cryptography”, IJCMS 2011. [6] Atul Kahte, “Cryptography, Network Security”, 2nd Edition. [7] W. Diffie, Directions in Cryptography, 2009. [8] Himani Agarwal, Analysis of various Cryptography, Dec-2010. [9] X. Qin, Jiang, “Driven scheduling of parallel real-time jobs”, Computer Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology”, ACM, pp.1-29, 2000. [10]K. Bella, jong,” Improving Security of Real-time Systems with Nonuniform Distribution of Checkpoints “, International conference on computer communication network (ICCCN), pp.1-7, Aug 2007. [11]G. Manimaran and C. S. R. Murthy," An efficient scheduling algorithm for Multi Machine systems”, IJACR, pp.48-55, Volume-2,Decemeber-2012. [12]T. Nandagopal, Kim, GAO, “MAC Layer wireless packet networks”, IEEE, pp.2-5,June 1999. [13]T. Karygiannis,” Bluetooth and Handheld Devices”, NIST Publication, pp.2-7,November 2002. [14]Yongguang Zhang ,Wenke Lee, Yi-An Huang, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, “Mobile Wireless Networks”, pp.1-16, Feb.2003. [15]Manisha, Gaurav Gupta, Department of Computer Science Engineering , “Wireless Sensor Network Attacks”, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, pp.1-8, October 2013. [16]Jaspher W. Kathrine, Arun Raj,School of Computer Science and Technology, “Packet Scheduling Algorithms in Different Wireless Technology”, IJERT, Vol.ume 1,pp.1-6, October – 2012. [17]Rachana A Gupta, Mo-Yuen Chow, Avesh Kumar Agarwal, Wenye Wang, Electrical and Computer Engineering, “Performance assessment for next generation wireless distributed network systems”, pp.1-6, Nov-2013.