Performance Comparison of File Security System using TEA and Blowfish Algorithms

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 3 Issue 5, August 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26462 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 871
Performance Comparison of File Security System using
TEA and Blowfish Algorithms
Win Myat Thu, Tin Lai Win, Su Mu Tyar
Department of Information Technology, Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar
How to cite this paper: Win Myat Thu |
Tin Lai Win | Su Mu Tyar "Performance
Comparison of File Security System using
TEA and Blowfish Algorithms" Published
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ABSTRACT
With the progress in data exchange by the electronic system, the need for
information security has become a necessity. Due to the growth of multimedia
application, security becomes an important issue of communication and
storage of different files. To make its reality, cryptographic algorithms are
widely used as essential tools. Cryptographic algorithms provide security
services such as confidentiality, authentication, data integrity and secrecy by
encryption. Different cryptographic algorithms are commonly used for
information security in many research areas. Although there are two
encryption techniques, asymmetric and symmetric, the simpler symmetric
encryption technique is employed for testingfilesecuritysystem.In thisstudy,
the performance evaluation of the most common two symmetric encryption
algorithms such as TEA and Blowfish algorithm is focused on the execution
time intervals. Simulation has been conducted with many types of file
encryption like .pdf, .txt, .doc, .docx, .xlsx, .pptx, .ppt, .xls, .jpg, .png and most
common video file formats by using Java Programming Language.
KEYWORDS: Symmetric, Asymmetric, encryption, TEA, Blowfish
I. INTRODUCTION
Symmetric key algorithms are used primarily for the encryption of dataordata
streams. These algorithms are designed to be very fastandhavealargenumber
of possible keys.
The best symmetric key algorithms offer excellent secrecy,
once data is encrypted with a given key, there is no fast way
to decrypt the data without processing the same key.
Symmetric key algorithms can be divided into two
categories: block and stream. Block algorithm encrypts data
many bytes at a time, while stream algorithms encrypt byte
by byte or even bit by bit [1].
This paper evaluates two symmetric encryption algorithms
namely; TEA and Blowfish. The performance measure of
encryption schemes willbe conducted in termsof processing
time intervals on the Windows platform for the different file
size.
With the study of a file security system based on two
symmetric algorithms, achieving file secrecy, analyzingdata
encryption duration, studying TEA and Blowfishalgorithms’
Feistel structure and understandinghowtoapplyencryption
algorithm for the file security system are strongly expected.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows: SectionIIgives
a brief cryptographic strength of symmetric algorithms,
section III provides the algorithms thathavebeenchosen for
implementation; section IV provides the performance
evaluation methodology, section V discusses the simulation
results in detail and finally section VI concludes the work.
II. UNDERSTANDING CRYPTOGRAPHIC
TECHNIQUES
Cryptography is the study of techniques for ensuring the
secrecy and authentication of the information. The sender
translates the plaintext into ciphertext. This ciphertext is
then sent to the receiver. The authorized receiver gets the
ciphertext and then converts the ciphertext back into the
original form. The main aim of the cryptographyis to protect
the information from illegal access. Goals, strength,
weakness and basic terminology are expressed in the
following section.
The data can be read in its original form is called plain text.
The way of mask the plaintext in such a way as to hide its
original form is called encryption. The method of encrypting
the plaintext which results in unreadable form is called
ciphertext. The method of taking encrypted message or data
and converting back into its original form is called
decryption. An entity which provides encryption and
decryption is called cryptosystem [2].
Depending upon the key cryptography can be divided into
two categories: symmetric and asymmetric encryption.
Symmetric Encryption(privatekeyEncryption)isduringthe
encryption and decryption process the same key is used at
the sender and receiver site. Before the transmission of
information starts the key distribution has to be made [3].
Example: DES [4]-[6], 3DES [7], BLOWFISH [4], [5], AES [8]
etc. However, in asymmetric encryption (Public key
encryption, two different keys are used for encryption and
decryption process. At the same time, the two keys are
generated. In that one key is transferred to the other side
before the exchange of information begins[9].Example: RSA
[10], Elgamal, Elgamal signature Diffie Hellman key
exchange, digital signature [11].
IJTSRD26462

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
A. Goals of Cryptography
1. Confidentiality: Data that resides in the computer is
transmitted and that is to be accessed only by the legal
person and that data can’t be accessed by anyone else.
2. Authentication: The data that is seen by any system has
to check the identity of the sender, whether the data
appears from a legal person or illegal person.
3. Data Integrity: To verify the information, it has not been
changed by an illegal or unknown person. Only the
sender and receiver can modify the message. No others
have the rights to access the message (or) data.
4. Non-Repudiation: It does not allow repudiation by the
sender or receiver. The receiver proves the
identification of the sender in case of denial by the
sender. The sender proves the identification of the
receiver in case of denial by the receiver.
5. Access Control: It ensures that only the authorized
person can have the rights to access the transmitted
information [12].
B. Cryptographic Strength of Symmetric Algorithms
Symmetric encryption, also referred to as conventional
encryption or single key encryption was the only type of
encryption in use prior to the development of public-key
encryption. The private keys used in symmetric-key
cryptography are robustly resistant to brute force attacks.
While only the one-time pad, which combines plaintextwith
a random key, holds secure in the face of any attacker
regardless of time and computing power, symmetric-key
algorithms are generally more difficult to crack than their
public key counterparts. Additionally, secret-keyalgorithms
require less computing power to be created than equivalent
private keys in public-key cryptography [13].
C. Cryptographic Weakness of Symmetric Algorithms
The biggest obstacle in successfully deploying a symmetric-
key algorithm is the necessity for a proper exchange of
private keys. This transaction must be completed inasecure
manner. In the past, this would often have to be done
through some type of face-to-face meeting, which proves
quite impractical in many circumstances when taking
distance and time into account. If one assumes that security
is a risk to begin with due to the desire for a secret exchange
of data in the first place, the exchange of keys becomes
further complicated.
Another problem concerns the compromise of a private key
[14]. In symmetric-key cryptography, every participant has
an identical private key. As the number of participants in a
transaction increases, both the risk of compromise and the
consequences of such a compromise increase dramatically.
Each additional user adds another potential point of
weakness that an attacker could takeadvantageof.If such an
attacker succeeds in gaining control of justoneof theprivate
keys in this world, every user,whetherthere arehundreds of
users or only a few, are completely compromised [15].
D. Basic Terminology Used in Cryptography
The symmetric encryption scheme has five ingredients.
1. Plaintext: This is the original intelligiblemessageor data
that is fed to the algorithm as input.
2. Ciphertext: This is the scrambled message produced as
output. It depends on the plaintext and the key. The
ciphertext is an apparently random stream of data, as it
stands, is unintelligible.
3. Encryption Algorithm: The encryption algorithm
performs various substitutionsandpermutationsonthe
plaintext.
4. Decryption Algorithm: This is essentially the encryption
algorithm that runs in reverse. It takes the ciphertext
and the secret key and produces the original plaintext.
5. Secret Key: The secret key is also input to the encryption
algorithm. The exact substitutions and permutations
performed depend on the key used, and the algorithm
will produce a differentoutputdependingon thespecific
key being used at the time [16].
III. COMPARED ALGORITHMS
Symmetric encryption algorithms: Blowfish and TEA are
compared for the execution time of various file types
encryption and decryption.
A. Blowfish
Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher. It is used for
encrypting and protecting the data. It has a variable-length
key range from 32 bits to 448 bits, for safeguardingour data.
It was designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier. It is a license for
encryption method and it is freely available to all users. It is
mainly used for applications, such that key does not change
often, like a communication link [17].
1. Blowfish Algorithm
It has large data blocks.
It consists of a 64-bit block size.
The range of key scalable from 32 bits to 256 bits.
It uses very simple operation which is efficient for
microprocessors.
It has a variable number of iteration.
It uses subkey which is one way hash of the key.
It has no linear structure.
Its design structure is simple to understand. Itincreases
the confidence in the algorithm. It is a fiestel iterated
block cipher [12].
2. Fiestel Network: Fiestel Network is a common
method of converting any function into a
permutation. The working procedure of fiestel
network:
It split the block into two halves
Now, the right half becomes the new left half.
If the left half is XOR’d with the result of applying ‘f’ to
the right half and the key, we have the new right half as
the final result.
Even the function f and not invertible the previous
rounds can be derived [12].
3. Block Diagram of the Blowfish Algorithm
Blowfish is a symmetric key Feistel structured algorithm
consisting of two parts: key expansion part and data-
encryption part. It is one of the most public-domain
encryption algorithms. It takes a variable-length key from
32-bits to 448-bits, permuted into18 sub-keyseach of 32-bit
length and can be implemented on 32 or 64-bit processor
[18] as shown in Fig. 1.

F
F
Plaintext(64 bits)
Ciphertext(64 bits)
32 bits32 bits RE0LE0
RE1LE1
RE16LE16
LE17 RE17
Round 1
Round 16
P1
P16
P18 P17
Fig.1 Block diagram of Blowfish algorithm
A. TEA
Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA) block cipherwasdesigned
with speed and simplicity in mind. It is a variant of the
Feistel Cipher. TEA operates on a 64-bit block of data that is
then split up into two 32 bit unsigned integers during the
encryption process. TEA uses a 128-bit key, and a magic
constant is also utilized which is defined as 2^32/ (the
golden ratio) [19].
The original TEA was written by Roger Needham and David
Wheeler and was first presented in 1994. Tiny Encryption
Algorithm is a Feistel type cipher that uses operations from
mixed (orthogonal) algebraic groups. A dual shift causes all
bits of the data and key to be mixed repeatedly. The key
schedule algorithm is simple; the 128-bit key K is split into
four 32-bit blocks K = (K [0], K [1], K [2], K [3]). TEA seems
to be highly resistant to differential cryptanalysis and
achieves complete diffusion. Time performance on a
workstation is very impressive. The inputstotheencryption
algorithm are a plaintext block and a key K.The plaintextisP
= (Left[0], Right[0]) and the ciphertext is C = (Left[64],
Right[64]). The plaintext block is split into two halves,
Left[0] and Right[0]. Each half is used to encrypt the other
half over 64 rounds of processing and then combine to
produce the ciphertext block [20].
4. Block Diagram for TEA Algorithm
TEA uses a key size of 128 bits and a block size of 64 bits. It
is very nearly a Feistel cipher, although addition modulo
2^32 is used to combine the round function with the block
rather than addition modulo 2. This means that the
decryption function is slightly different from the encryption
function, although both are so simple that the difference is
not generally problematic. The Feistel rounds are grouped
into pairs, called cycles. Many other Feistel ciphers, in the
last round the last swap is done, just like in the other rounds.
This again makes decryption in reverse, slightly different
from encryption shown in Fig. 2, but since a separate
implementation for decryption is necessary anyway the
difference is worthwhile to simplify the description [21].
Decryption is the same except that thetwo additionsmodulo
2^32 at the left-hand side are replaced with subtractions
modulo 2^32, and the swaps are done at the start of the
round instead of the end [21].
Plaintext
F
Ciphertext
F
F
F
Right[0]
K[1]
K[2]
K[63]
K[64]
Left[0]
Right[64] Left[64]
Fig.2 Blocked encryption for TEA algorithm [22]
IV. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHODOLOGY
Performance evaluation on which hardware and software
requirement, which IDE is used to implement which criteria
are emphasized, which types of file are tested and how the
system works are detail expressed in the following sections.
A. System Parameters
This encryption and decryption of TEA and Blowfish
algorithms were implemented with Java in IDE. The
performance was measured on Intel(R) Pentium (R) CPU
P6000 @1.87GHz 1.87GHz, 64-bit operating system with
1.00 GB of RAM running Window 10 Pro.
B. Experiment Factors
The variety of input files size from 85 Kbytesto2600 Kbytes.
Comparison of TEA and Blowfish execution time are
calculated in milliseconds. The result of encryption time is
measured when an encryption algorithm takes to make a
cipher content from plaintext and the revert manner. By
isolating the total plaintext in megabytes encrypted on the
whole encryption time for each algorithm, the amount of an
encryption scheme is calculated. Encryption processforboth
symmetric encryption algorithms is shown in Fig. 3 and in
the meanwhile the decryption processisalsoshowninFig.4.

Fig.3 Encryption process

Fig.4 Decryption process

V. SIMULATION RESULTS
The overall performance of the encryption algorithm is
assessed considering the above-mentioned parameters
together with encryption time and decryption time. The
encryption time is considered because of the time that an
encryption algorithm takes to deliver a ciphertext from a
plain textual content. Comparative analyses of theoutcomes
of the chosen and distinctive encryption scheme are
performed as shown in table 1 to 14.
A. Comparative Results of TEA and Blowfish algorithm
with Different File Types
The blowfish algorithm performs better compared withTEA
regarding time consumption for both encryption and
decryption scheme. Table 1 to 14 show the encryption and
decryption stage including file sizes and their run times.
Total seven types of files are compared and although any
input file sizes are able to be tested, only three approximate
file sizes are mentioned in this paper. 85 KB to 2600 KB files
is tested. In experiment analysis, encryption time table,
decryption time table are illustrated respectively for seven
different file format.
TABLE I INPUT SIZE AND ENCRYPTION TIME FOR PDF FILE
Input Size (in Kbytes) TEA (ms) Blowfish(ms)
140 8 13
296 17 26
2600 454 644
TABLE II INPUT SIZE AND DECRYPTION TIME FOR PDF FILE
140 7 14
296 15 31
2600 523 584
TABLE III Input Size and Encryption Time for
Document File
154 9 11
458 26 40
1200 71 74
TABLE IV Input Size and Decryption Time for
Document File
154 8 9
458 24 47
1200 66 72
According to the experimental results, decryption process
is exactly the same as encryption but execution time.
TABLE V Input Size and Encryption Time for Excel File
90 6 23
60 4 6
135 10 30
TABLE VI INPUT SIZE AND DECRYPTION TIME FOR EXCEL FILE
Input Size (in Kbytes) TEA (ms) Blowfish (ms)
90 3 10
60 3 7
135 8 12
TABLE VII INPUT SIZE AND ENCRYPTION TIME FOR
POWERPOINT FILE
350 21 28
612 35 55
1250 68 82
TABLE VIII INPUT SIZE AND DECRYPTION TIME FOR
POWERPOINT FILE
350 20 21
612 31 63
1250 63 66
TABLE IX INPUT SIZE AND ENCRYPTION TIME FOR JPG FILE
85 3 4
153 8 10
319 18 28
TEA is being considered to be a standard encrypting
algorithm since no specified weaker points are found so far
in comparing to the Blowfish algorithm for both encryption
and decryption processes.
TABLE X INPUT SIZE AND DECRYPTION TIME FOR JPG FILE
85 4 5
153 7 15
319 17 33
TABLE XI INPUT SIZE AND ENCRYPTION TIME FOR MP4 FILE
955 54 87
1922 108 111
2422 147 209
TABLE XII INPUT SIZE AND DECRYPTION TIME FOR MP4 FILE
955 49 97
1922 97 165
2422 126 250
TABLE XIII INPUT SIZE AND ENCRYPTION TIME FOR TEXT FILE
98 5 9
125 15 19
250 22 27
TABLE XIV INPUT SIZE AND DECRYPTION TIME FOR TEXT FILE
98 6 10
125 28 30
250 29 31
It turned into concluded that the TEA encrypting algorithm
performs in a much efficient way for encrypting and
decrypting the confidential data.HenceTEA worksbetter for
secure file system application.
VI. CONCLUSION
Many data from where such as military, hospital, bank and
business need security while communicating between
people and activities. Symmetric encryption algorithms can

solve the problems of information security with the security
keys. Symmetric key algorithms are faster and easier to be
implemented than the asymmetric key algorithms. This
system proves which algorithm is appropriate for each file
type. Therefore, different file types: videofile,imagefile, text
file, portable document format file, word file,powerpointfile
and excel file are encrypted with TEA and Blowfish
symmetric encryption algorithms to secure and the
execution durations are also compared with three different
file sizes. Altogether, various file secrecy and symmetric
encryption knowledge are achieved and TEAis preferred for
file security.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Tin Lai Win
and Dr. Su Mu Tyar. We also thank all of our teachers for
providing us the opportunity to embark on this study.
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