This document discusses multithreading in PowerShell using runspaces. Runspaces allow running PowerShell scripts concurrently by creating new threads within an existing process. This can improve performance over serial execution when tasks take a long time or need to be applied to many targets. While runspaces provide benefits like asynchronous execution and throttling, they also add complexity and need to be properly configured, monitored, and cleaned up. The document provides examples of using runspaces to improve performance of text parsing and master data management tasks.