Windows PowerShell
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This document contains notes from a presentation on Windows PowerShell 2.0 given by Tom Pester on December 17, 2009. It discusses what PowerShell is, why it was created, who has access to it, key concepts like cmdlets and providers, and new features in PowerShell 2.0 such as remoting and background jobs. Recommended books and online resources for learning more about PowerShell are also provided.
![17 December, 2009
Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester
PowerShell enabled applications
Application Version Cmdlets Provider Management GUI
Exchange Server 2007 402 Yes Yes
Windows Server 2008 Yes Yes No
Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Yes Yes No
System Center Operations Manager 2007 74 Yes No
System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 Yes Yes Yes
System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 Yes No No
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2007 Yes Yes No
Microsoft Transporter Suite for Lotus Domino[37] 08.02.0012 47 No No
Microsoft PowerTools for Open XML[38] 1.0 33 No No
IBM WebSphere MQ[39] 6.0.2.2 44 No No
Quest Management Shell for Active Directory[40] 1.1 40 No No
Special Operations Software Specops Command[41] 1.0 Yes No Yes
VMware Infrastructure Toolkit[42] 1.5 157 No No
Internet Information Services[43] 7.0 54 Yes No
Ensim Unify Enterprise Edition[44] 1.6 Yes No Yes
Windows 7 Troubleshooting Center[45] 6.1 Yes No Yes
Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2010 Yes No No
[edit] SnapIns and hosts](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/powershell-101103093827-phpapp02/85/Windows-PowerShell-15-320.jpg)
Windows PowerShell
- 1. www.orbitone.com Raas van Gaverestraat 83 B-9000 GENT, Belgium E-mail [email protected] Website www.orbitone.com Tel. +32 9 265 74 20 Fax +32 9 265 74 10 VAT BE 456.457.353 Bank 442-7059001-50 (KBC) 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester
- 2. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester What is PowerShell ?
- 3. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester
- 4. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester
- 5. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester
- 6. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Why PowerShell? PowerShell was designed to do for Windows what the UNIX shells dooes for UNIX: provide a powerful, well-integrated command-line experience for the operation system. But better :) Unlike most scripting languages, the basic object model for PowerShell is .NET PowerShell has full access to all of the types in the .NET framework and not a few simple objects Windows is mostly managed through objects comming from MI (WINDOWS MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE) COM (COMPONENT OBJECT MODEL) and .NET As Windows moves from the desktop to server farms or application servers (like print, DNS and LDAP services,etc.) command-line automation becomes a fundamental requirement.
- 7. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Who has PowerShell? Its installed out of the box on Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2. It has also been released for older platforms: Windows XP SP3 Windows Server 2003 SP2 Windows Vista SP1 and Windows Server 2008
- 8. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester PowerShell Concepts - Cmdlets These are built-in commands written in a .NET language like C# or Visual Basic. Typically Developers can extend the set of cmdlets by writing and loading PowerShell snap-ins. Functions Functions are commands written in the PowerShell language. These can be developed without an IDE like Visual Studio by sysadmins and devs Scripts Scripts are textfiles on disk with a .ps1 extension Applications (aka native commands) Applications are existing windows programs.
- 9. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Providers Most applications have some sort of "hierarchical" data store Example are Exchange, Active Directory, SharePoint, SQL Server for example in sql server multiple instances of sql server can be installed Once you are in an instance you can select jobs, roles, etc or databases In a specific database you can choose triggers, logfiles, etc and tables Providers in PowerShell allow data to be presented from different data stores in a consistent fashion to existing cmdlets. There are 7 providers built into PowerShell (Alias, Environment, File System, Function, Registry, Variable, and Certificate).
- 10. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Pipeline UNIX scripting shells also use the concept of a pipeline. This is extremely powerful, but suffers from the disadvantage that, in most cases, the pipelined data is just raw text. This means prayer-based parsing. Rather than passing text, PowerShell passes .NET objects. That means a cmdlet can use .NET reflection to look inside what is getting passed, and know what's being passed
- 11. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester The pipeline
- 12. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester DEMO ============================================================ ==== DEMO START based on video 1 (http://www.idera.com/Promo/Practical-PowerShell/) ============================================================ *. To see everything PS can do run > get-command *. to get all the manuals > help *. get a list of all process : > get-process *. Piping | Default there is "Out-Default" , per defalt it outputs everything as text > get-process | out-default *. Cleaning the scree > cls *. Lets get the top 10 memory consuming processess > get-process | sort vm -descending | select -first 10 *. How did I know that vm was a property of a Service Object Get-Service | get-member * Comments in Powershell, block <# Now is the time to use PowerShell #> * Comments in Powershell, line # Now # is # the * Lets tweak the output get-process | format-table name,id,responding,path => some columns are cut * show help for format-table * lets do something about the cut columns get-process | format-table name,id,responding,path -autosize -wrap * to learn about autosize and wrap For more information, type: > get-help Format-Table -detailed * Focused help > get-help Format-Table -examples * lets write the report to a textfile > Get-Process | Format-table name,id | Out-File c:temptest.txt => Not that we still use the pipe symbol and not > as we would do in good old dos * Lets peek inside the event log > Get-EventLog security -newest 50 * And take a look at it in Excel > Get-EventLog security -newest 50 | Export-Csv c:temptest.csv
- 13. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Runspaces: Windows PowerShell hosting mechanism The Windows PowerShell runtime can be embedded inside other applications (jargon: in a PowerShell "runspace"). These applications then leverage Windows PowerShell functionality to implement certain operations This capability has been utilized by Microsoft Exchange Server 2007 : As for Exchange Server 2007, the entire server was built with Windows PowerShell in mind. In fact, the Exchange Management Interface was designed in such a way that all the mouse-clicks and menu-clicks are actually calls to Exchange-PowerShell cmdlets. This is Microsoft's direction by defining this in their common engineering criteria In the future all Microsoft Applications running on the Windows platform are to be PowerShell aware. 3th Party providers bundle PowerShell Support with their products as PS Snap-ins
- 14. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester PowerShell enabled applications
- 15. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester PowerShell enabled applications Application Version Cmdlets Provider Management GUI Exchange Server 2007 402 Yes Yes Windows Server 2008 Yes Yes No Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Yes Yes No System Center Operations Manager 2007 74 Yes No System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 Yes Yes Yes System Center Data Protection Manager 2007 Yes No No Windows Compute Cluster Server 2007 Yes Yes No Microsoft Transporter Suite for Lotus Domino[37] 08.02.0012 47 No No Microsoft PowerTools for Open XML[38] 1.0 33 No No IBM WebSphere MQ[39] 6.0.2.2 44 No No Quest Management Shell for Active Directory[40] 1.1 40 No No Special Operations Software Specops Command[41] 1.0 Yes No Yes VMware Infrastructure Toolkit[42] 1.5 157 No No Internet Information Services[43] 7.0 54 Yes No Ensim Unify Enterprise Edition[44] 1.6 Yes No Yes Windows 7 Troubleshooting Center[45] 6.1 Yes No Yes Microsoft Deployment Toolkit 2010 Yes No No [edit] SnapIns and hosts
- 16. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester A top overview of the features introduced in PowerShell 2 PowerShell Remoting: Using WS-Management, PowerShell 2.0 allows scripts and cmdlets to be invoked on a remote machine or a large set of remote machines. Background Jobs: Also called a PSJob, it allows a command sequence (script) or pipeline to be invoked asynchronously. Jobs can be run on the local machine or on multiple remote machines. Transactions: Enable cmdlet and provider developers to perform transacted operations. Script Debugging: It allows breakpoints to be set in a PowerShell script or function. Eventing: This feature allows listening, forwarding, and acting on management and system events. Network File Transfer: Native support for prioritized, throttled, and asynchronous transfer of files between machines using the Background Intelligent Transfer Service (BITS).
- 17. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Consistency and Discoverablity One of the great things of PS is the consistency and discoverablity. If you switch from one domain to another, lets say SQL Server to Active Directory, you can predict what you can ask PowerShell of AD beceause you are used to SQL Server
- 18. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Save Tasks and Schedule A task can be saved as a script and reused at a later time or even scheduled. For example, if you are responsible for a server park of 10 (or 1000) servers and you are interested in the temperature you can write out the script once, save it as a script and give it a list of the servers you are interested in. When new servers are added you just update this list and it will give you brief report of the data you are interested in. IMO graphical user interfaces have their place but the power you get if you can do everying from 1 central place is not to be underestimated.
- 19. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Why PowerShell? Why not C#? First of all C# is not a scripting language. YOu need a compiler to make use of C#. If you consider a system administrator managing 10+ web servers, he/she will never install 2 gigabytes of Visual Studio on every server to edit his C# utility. If you have any utility that you are running on production system and want to make some minor changes then you need to go back to your desktop where you have your source code preferably Visual Studio installed, edit your C# program, recompile it and copy it back to production system. If you really want to write actual code in C#, you need to have some knowledge of OOPs (object oriented programming) concept (how to define class? what are static methods?) Even if you are writing a simple program you need to write at least main method? What are class access rules, why to make this function public, or static etc?
- 20. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Sysadmin Challenges To manage a network today, Administrators face a range of challenges with respect to tools: Wide range: Admins are required to be experts in a huge range of tools and scripts. That’s because, thus far, no one tool, does everything. GUI Scalability: a GUI is a great tool for performing a single operation on just one computer, but it can be slow and tedious if you need to perform that same operation on 1,000 systems.
- 21. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Starting up PowerShell from SQL Server 2008 This is a locked down version of PowerShell so it exposes reproducible behavior.
- 22. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester * the "whatif" feature : PS> get-process p* | stop-process - whatif
- 23. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester SharePoint 2010 STSADM is legacy, PowerShell is the replacement: http://dmitrysotnikov.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/sharepoint-2010-cmdlet-reference/
- 24. 17 December, 2009 Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester Recommended books & resources Publicly available : http://powershell.com/cs/blogs/ebook/ Publically available : free : http://www.idera.com/Promo/Practical-PowerShell/ Nice video on Powershell in SharePoint 2010 http://technet.microsoft.com/en- us/sharepoint/ee518673.aspx MSDN http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc281954.aspx Start with http://www.amazon.com/Microsoft-PowerShell-Programming-Absolute- Beginner/dp/1598638998/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258411028&sr=8-2 Become an expert with http://www.amazon.com/Windows-Powershell-Action-Bruce- Payette/dp/1932394907/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258411028&sr=8-3 Microsoft SQL Server 2008 Administration with Windows PowerShell http://www.amazon.com/Microsoft-Administration-Windows-Power- ShellProgrammer/dp/0470477288/ref=sr_1_14?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258411028&sr=8-14 Managing VMware Infrastructure with Windows PowerShell TFM http://www.amazon.com/Managing-VMware-Infrastructure-Windows- PowerShell/dp/0982131402/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258411111&sr=8-1
- 25. www.orbitone.com Windows PowerShell 2.0, By Tom Pester 17 December, 2009