Problem solving method
- 1. PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD Presented by: Jalpa G Patel F.Y.M.Sc Nursing01/08/17 1Problem solving
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Problem solving is an instructional method or technique where by the teacher and pupils attempt in a conscious, planned and purposeful effort to arrive of some explanation or solution to some educationally significant difficulty for the purpose of finding a solution. Problem solving01/08/17 2
- 3. Students are presented with problems which require them to find either a scientific or technological solution. It is a student-centered strategy which require students to become active participants in the learning process. Problem solving01/08/17 3
- 4. What is problem-solving? Problem solving 01/08/17 4
- 5. Problem solving is a teaching strategy that employs the scientific method in searching for information. Problem solving: arriving at decisions based prior knowledge and reasoning. Problem solving01/08/17 5
- 6. • DEFINITION • A systematic approach to defining the problem and creating a vast number of possible solutions without judging these solution. • “Problem solving is a cognitive processing directed at achieving a goal where no solution method is obvious to the problem solver”. • Yokam & Simpson define it as “A problem occurs in a situation in which a felt difficulty to act is realized. It is a difficult to clearly present and recognized by thinker” Problem solving 01/08/17 6
- 7. • According to Gates “ A problem exists for an individual when he has a definite goal he can not reach by the behaviour pattern which he already has available” • According to skinner, Problem solving is a process of overcoming difficulties that appears to interfere. In a problem solving the entire subject matter is organized in such a manner that it can be dealt with through the problems identified during the study. Problem solving01/08/17 7
- 8. SKINNER • The problem solving is a process of overcoming difficulties that appears to interfere with the attainment of goal. It is a procedure of making adjustment in spite of interferences. 01/08/17 8Problem solving
- 9. •PURPOSE • Train the students in the act of reasoning. • Gain and improve the knowledge • Solve puzzling question • Overcome the obstacles in the attainment of objectives. Problem solving01/08/17 9
- 10. STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING Problem solving01/08/17 10
- 11. 1. Formation and appreciation of problem The nature of the problem should be made very clear to the students so that they can understand the actual solution for the problem. Problem solving01/08/17 11
- 12. 2. Collection of relevant data and information • The students should be stimulated to collect data in a systematic manner full co- operation of the students should be secured. The teacher may suggest many points to them. Like extra books for read, organise a few educational trips together the relevant information. Problem solving 01/08/17 12
- 13. 3. Organization of data • The students should be asked to sift the relevant material from the superficial one put in a scientific way. Problem solving01/08/17 13
- 14. 4. Drawing of conclusion • After the organizing data discussions should be arranged collectively and individual with each student so that essential thing is done by the students themselves and that their educative process provides the particular solutions. “Care should be taken that judgement is made only when sufficient data is collected.” Problem solving01/08/17 14
- 15. 5. Testing conclusion • No conclusion should be accepted without being properly verified. The corrections of the conclusion must be proved. Problem solving01/08/17 15
- 17. Clarify what the problem is about Brainstorm out ideas Plan out what you are going to do Try out your plan Does it solve the problem? Clarify what the problem is about YES NO Try another plan Problem solving 01/08/17 17
- 18. ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE PROBLEM • The problem should be meaningful, interesting, and worthwhile for children. • It should have some correlation with life. • It should have some correlation with other subjects if possible. • It should arise out of the real needs of the students. Problem solving01/08/17 18
- 19. • The problem should be clearly defined. • The solution of problem should be found out by the student themselves working under the guidance and supervision of the teacher. Problem solving01/08/17 19
- 20. MAJOR APPROACHES IN THE PROBLEM SOLVING Problem solving 01/08/17 20
- 21. TEACHER ROLE IN PROBLEM SOLVING • The students to define the problem clearly. Got them to make many suggestions by encouraging them: • To analyse the situation in parts • To recall previously known similar cases and general rules that apply • To guess courageously and formulate guesses clearly. Problem solving01/08/17 21
- 22. Get them to evaluate each suggestion carefully by encouraging them: • To maintain a state of doubt or suspended conclusion • To criticize the suggestion by appeal to know facts , minister and experiment Get them to organize the material by proceeding: • To build on outline on the board • To use diagrams and graphs • To formulate concise statement of the net out come of discussion Problem solving 01/08/17 22
- 23. • “A teacher who has a ability to see problem clearly, the power of analyse with a keen observation and the faculty to synthesize and draw conclusion with an uncanny accuracy.” Problem solving 01/08/17 23
- 24. USES OF PROBLEM SOLVING IN NURSING • Develop ability to analyse the problem and to take proper judgement/solution in the critical condition that encounter in the clinical setting. • Problem solving method also helps the students to solve this problem in real life situation without much stress. Problem solving01/08/17 24
- 25. • It helps the student to solve the similar problem in future with confidence. • It develops critical thinking of pupil. • In the class/group it will develop mutual understanding among the group members. • It helps the care giver/nurse to develop a skill to help the pt. • Develop ability in nurse to select the problem solving strategy according to pt’s abilities and life style Problem solving 01/08/17 25
- 27. 1. This approach is most effective in developing skill in employing the science processes. 2. The scientific method can likewise be used effectively in other non- science subjects. It is a general procedure in finding solutions to daily occurrences that urgently need to be addressed. Problem solving01/08/17 27
- 28. 3. The student’s active involvement resulting in meaningful experiences serves as a strong motivation to follow the scientific procedure in future undertakings. 4. Problem-solving develops higher level thinking skills. 5. A keen sense of responsibility, originality and resourcefulness are developed, which are much-needed ingredients for independent study. Problem solving01/08/17 28
- 29. 6. The students become appreciative and grateful for the achievement of scientists. 7. Critical thinking, open-mindedness and wise judgment are among scientific attitudes and values inculcated through competence in the scientific method. 8. The students learn to accept the opinions and evidence shared by others. Problem solving 01/08/17 29
- 30. Disadvantages : • Generally speaking problem – solving involves mental activity only. • Small children do not posses sufficient background information & therefore they fail to participation in discussion. • Students may not have adequate reference and sources books. Problem solving01/08/17 30
- 31. It involves lot of times. It need very capable teacher to provide effective guidance and knowledge to students. It is a time consuming process, teacher may find it difficult to complete the syllabus Problem solving01/08/17 31