Prototyping Embedded Devices: Arduino, Developing on the Arduino.

Arduino, Developing on
the Arduino
@omega.teched
@omega_teched
Prototyping
Embedded Devices

What is ARDUINO?
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based
on easy-to-use hardware and software.
• Microcontroller Platform: Arduino boards control
sensors and actuators, enabling interaction with the
physical world.
• Connectivity: Arduino can connect to the internet
using modules like Wi-Fi (ESP8266, ESP32),
Bluetooth, or GSM for IoT applications.
• Sensing and Actuating: It gathers data from sensors
(e.g., temperature, humidity) and controls devices like
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What is ARDUINO?
• Software and Programming: Arduino uses its
own programming language (based on C++) and
integrates with cloud services or IoT platforms.
• Prototyping: Ideal for rapid development of IoT
devices due to its low cost, simplicity, and large
community support.
• IoT Applications: Used in smart homes,
wearables, health monitoring, industrial
automation, and smart agriculture.
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Developing On The Arduino
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Integrated
Development
Environment
Pushing Code
Operating
System
Language Debugging

1. Integrated Development Environment
The Arduino IDE is a simple program we use to
write and upload code to an Arduino board. It’s easy
to understand, with most projects having just one
file of code. We can check the code for mistakes by
clicking "Verify" and upload it to the board by
clicking "Upload." The IDE is designed to be
straightforward, so we can focus on building and
testing projects quickly.
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2. Pushing Code
1. Connect via USB: We connect the Arduino board to the computer using a USB
cable. Sometimes, we might face driver or USB permission issues, but they are
typically resolved quickly.
2. Select Serial Port and Board: In the Arduino IDE, we choose the correct serial port
and board type to match our setup.
3. Compile the Code: The IDE first checks and compiles the code, reporting any
errors.
4. Upload to Arduino: If the code compiles successfully, it is uploaded to the Arduino
and stored in its flash memory.
5. Arduino Reboots: The Arduino automatically reboots and starts running the newly
uploaded code.
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3. Operating System
1. No Default OS: The Arduino runs only a bootloader, not a traditional operating system.
2. Code Execution: It executes the uploaded code continuously until powered off or if the
code crashes.
3. Uploading an OS: We can install lightweight real-time operating systems (RTOS) like
FreeRTOS or DuinOS for advanced features.
4. Multitasking: An RTOS provides built-in support for multitasking, allowing multiple
processes to run at the same time.
5. Compiling Without IDE: We can compile code using the avr-gcc toolset without the
Arduino IDE.
6. Toolset Functionality: The avr-gcc toolset allows us to compile and upload code
directly to the Arduino's chip, providing more control for advanced users.
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4. Language
Arduino uses a slightly altered version of C++ based on the Wiring platform, making it
beginner-friendly. It includes libraries for reading and writing data from input/output
pins and handling interrupts. The language allows functions to be called before they are
defined, improving code readability and organization.
Two Main Functions:
• setup(): Runs once when the Arduino is powered on, used for setting pin modes and
initializing variables.
• loop(): Runs repeatedly while the board is on, typically used to check inputs, perform
calculations, and produce outputs.
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Example: Code to make the LED blink
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const int ledPin = 13;
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
Define the pin for the LED
Initialize the digital pin as an output
This function runs once when the Arduino is powered on.
This function runs continuously.
Turns the LED on.
Turns the LED off.
Pauses the program for one second (1000 milliseconds)
Pauses for one second before repeating the loop

5. Debugging
Error Detection Challenges
• No Direct Output: Since most Arduino boards don’t have a display or
keyboard, it’s challenging to get immediate feedback on errors.
• Lack of Exception Handling: The Arduino environment doesn’t support
standard C++ exception handling (i.e., try...catch), making it harder to manage
errors gracefully.
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Debugging Strategies
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• Use Serial Monitor: Print debug information using Serial.print() and Serial.println()
to track variable values and program flow.
• Input Validation: Always check and validate input values from sensors or user
inputs.
• LED Indicators: Use LEDs to signal errors or different program states.
• Modular Code: Break code into functions to simplify testing and debugging.
• Memory Management: Avoid dynamic memory allocation when possible and
always check for allocation success.
• Watchdog Timers: Reset the Arduino if it becomes unresponsive.
• Debugging Libraries: Utilize libraries for enhanced logging and error handling

Conclusion
• Cost-effective: Arduino boards are affordable, making
them ideal for both beginners and large-scale IoT
projects.
• Easy to Learn and Use: With a large community and
extensive documentation, getting started with Arduino
is easy.
• Modular and Scalable: Arduino boards can be
extended with various modules and sensors, making
them highly flexible for different IoT applications.
In summary, Arduino in IoT serves as a versatile and
accessible platform for building smart devices that collect
data, automate tasks, and communicate over the internet,
forming the basis for many DIY and professional IoT
projects.
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Thank You!
@omega.teched
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@omega_teched

Prototyping Embedded Devices: Arduino, Developing on the Arduino.

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