Python Programming - IV. Program Components (Functions, Classes, Modules, Packages)
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Python Programming - IV. Program Components (Functions, Classes, Modules, Packages)
- 1. PYTHON PROGRAMMING IV. Program Components Engr. Ranel O. Padon
- 2. PYTHON PROGRAMMING TOPICS I • Introduction to Python Programming II • Python Basics III • Controlling the Program Flow IV • Program Components: Functions, Classes, Modules, and Packages V • Sequences (List and Tuples), and Dictionaries VI • Object-Based Programming: Classes and Objects VII • Customizing Classes and Operator Overloading VIII • Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance and Polymorphism IX • Randomization Algorithms X • Exception Handling and Assertions XI • String Manipulation and Regular Expressions XII • File Handling and Processing XIII • GUI Programming Using Tkinter
- 8. DIVIDE-AND-CONQUER every problem can be broken down into smaller/more manageable sub-problems
- 9. DIVIDE-AND-CONQUER ALGORITHM most computer programs that solve real-world problems are complex/large the best way to develop and maintain a large program is to construct it from smaller pieces or components
- 10. PYTHON PROGRAM COMPONENTS functions classes modules collection of functions & classes packages collection of modules
- 12. FUNCTIONS collection or block of statements that you can execute whenever and wherever you want in the program
- 13. FUNCTIONS
- 14. FUNCTIONS
- 15. WHY FUNCTIONS? avoids duplicating code snippets saves typing easier to change the program later
- 16. PYTHON MODULES groups related functions & classes
- 17. PYTHON MODULES mathematical calculations string manipulations character manipulations web programming graphics programming …
- 18. PYTHON MODULES STANDARD LIBRARY collection of Python modules found in C:Python27Lib folder
- 19. PYTHON MODULES STANDARD LIBRARY * found in C:Python27Lib
- 20. PYTHON MODULES STANDARD LIBRARY familiarize yourself with the Standard Library don’t reinvent the wheel
- 21. PYTHON PACKAGES groups related modules code calling in several locations prevents name collision
- 24. PYTHON SUB-PACKAGE (polynomial) showing the Modules of the polynomial package.
- 25. PYTHON MODULE (polynomial.py) showing a part of the content of the polynomial module
- 26. PYTHON FUNCTIONS * groups related modules * code calling in several locations * prevents name collision
- 27. PYTHON FUNCTIONS * groups related modules * code calling in several locations * prevents name collision
- 28. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (math MODULE) * groups related modules * code calling in several locations * prevents name collision
- 29. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (math MODULE)
- 33. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (return KEYWORD)
- 34. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (return KEYWORD)
- 35. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (return TUPLES)
- 36. PYTHON FUNCTIONS def sumDiff(x, y): return (x+y), (x-y) sum, diff = sumDiff(2, 3) print sum print diff
- 37. PYTHON FUNCTIONS
- 38. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (random MODULE)
- 39. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (random MODULE)
- 40. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (random MODULE)
- 41. VARIABLE SCOPE all variables in a program may not be accessible at all locations in that program the scope of a variable determines the portion of the program where you can access a particular variable
- 42. VARIABLE SCOPE variables that are defined inside a function body have a local scope, and those defined outside have a global scope inside a function, a local variable takes precedence over a global variable of the same name possible workaround: change the variable names to avoid collision
- 43. VARIABLE SCOPE
- 44. VARIABLE SCOPE
- 45. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (ARGUMENTS) You can call a function by using the following types of formal arguments: Required Arguments Default Arguments Keyword Arguments Variable-Length Arguments
- 46. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (PARAMS vs ARGS) Function Parameters Function Arguments
- 47. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (ARGUMENTS) Required/Mandatory Arguments passed to a function in correct positional order
- 48. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (ARGUMENTS) Keyword Arguments the caller identifies the arguments by the parameter name as keywords, with/without regard to positional order
- 49. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (ARGUMENTS) Default/Optional Arguments assumes a default value if a value is not provided in the function call for that argument.
- 50. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (ARGUMENTS) Variable-Length Arguments can handle no-argument, 1-argument, or many-arguments function calls
- 51. PYTHON FUNCTIONS (ARGUMENTS) Combining the Argument Types
- 52. NAMESPACES refers to the current snapshot of loaded names/variables/identifiers/folders functions must be loaded into the memory before you could call them, especially when calling external functions/libraries
- 53. NAMESPACES (Importing a Package) current snapshot of the default and imported namespaces
- 58. NAMESPACES (Importing All Functions)
- 59. NAMESPACES (Importing All Functions)
- 60. NAME BINDING they are used for better readability, faster coding, or simply just for convenience
- 61. NAME BINDING
- 62. NAME BINDING
- 63. NAME BINDING
- 64. NAME BINDING
- 65. HANDLING MODULES
- 68. HANDLING MODULES (Correct Import)
- 69. HANDLING MODULES (Correct Import)
- 71. HANDLING MODULES (Will Work)
- 72. HANDLING MODULES (Will Not Work) It could not locate the sum() function.
- 73. HANDLING PACKAGES The __init__.py files are required to make Python treat the directories as containing packages
- 74. HANDLING PACKAGES (The GE file) The geodetic_engineering.py file/module, located in the engineering and diliman parent folders/packages.
- 75. HANDLING PACKAGES (Will Not Work) The demo.py file importing the geodetic_engineering.py file/module.
- 76. HANDLING PACKAGES (Will Work) The demo.py file importing the geodetic_engineering.py file/module.
- 77. HANDLING PACKAGES (Will Work) The demo.py file importing the geodetic_engineering.py file/module.
- 78. HANDLING PACKAGES (Will Work) The demo.py file importing the geodetic_engineering.py file/module.
- 79. HANDLING PACKAGES (Will Work) The demo.py file importing the geodetic_engineering.py file/module.
- 80. HANDLING PACKAGES (Summary) IMPORTATION INVOCATION import p1.p2.m p1.p2.m.f1() from p1.p2 import m m.f1() from p1.p2.m import f1 f1() Where p means package, m means module, f means a function/class.
- 81. PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 Compute the factorial of a number n: • n is a number inputted by the user • make a factorial function and call it to solve the factorial of n
- 82. PRACTICE EXERCISE 2 Compute the sum of a number range, say, from a to b, inclusive: • a, b are numbers inputted by the user • make a sum_range(a, b) function and call it to solve the sum of all numbers from a to b, including a and b.
- 84. REFERENCES Deitel, Deitel, Liperi, and Wiedermann - Python: How to Program (2001). Disclaimer: Most of the images/information used here have no proper source citation, and I do not claim ownership of these either. I don’t want to reinvent the wheel, and I just want to reuse and reintegrate materials that I think are useful or cool, then present them in another light, form, or perspective. Moreover, the images/information here are mainly used for illustration/educational purposes only, in the spirit of openness of data, spreading light, and empowering people with knowledge.