R Programming: Numeric Functions In R
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The document outlines a comprehensive R programming course focused on data analysis, covering fundamental concepts like data types, programming elements, and various numeric functions including signif(), abs(), round(), ceiling(), floor(), trunc(), and jitter(). It provides syntax, descriptions, and examples for each function, facilitating understanding through practical illustrations. Additionally, it hints at future modules on string manipulation and invites learners to connect with R-squared for further resources.
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![r-squared
Slide 6
abs()
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Examples
> # example 1
> x <- -5
> abs(x)
[1] 5
> # example 2
> y <- 5
> abs(y)
[1] 5
> # example 3
> z <- c(1, -3, 4, -7, 5, -9)
> abs(z)
[1] 1 3 4 7 5 9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-6-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 8
round()
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Examples
> # example 1
> x <- 5.3645
> round(x) # zero decimal values
[1] 5
> round(x, digits = 1) # one decimal values
[1] 5.4
> round(x, digits = 2) # two decimal values
[1] 5.36
> round(x, digits = 3) # three decimal values
[1] 5.364](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-8-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 10
ceiling()
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Examples
> example 1
> x <- 5.3645
> ceiling(x)
[1] 6
> example 2
> x <- 3.94
> ceiling(x)
[1] 4
> example 3
> x
[1] 7.012865 8.148132 9.840098 2.965393 2.098276 6.139226 3.819461 8.849482 1.068249
[10] 5.105874
> ceiling(x)
[1] 8 9 10 3 3 7 4 9 2 6](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-10-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 12
floor()
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Examples
> # example 1
> x <- 5.3645
> floor(x)
[1] 5
> # example 2
> x <- 3.94
> floor(x)
[1] 3
> # example 3
> x <- sample(jitter(1:10))
> x
[1] 6.1581438 9.9260513 0.9823364 4.1083687 4.9102557 8.1316709 7.0094556 2.8870083
[9] 2.1403249 9.0941759
> floor(x)
[1] 6 9 0 4 4 8 7 2 2 9](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-12-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 14
trunc()
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Examples
> # example 1
> x <- 5.3645
> trunc(x)
[1] 5
# as we truncate the value in x towards zero, the first integer that appears is 5.
> # example 2
> x <- -3.94
> trunc(x)
[1] -3
> round(x)
[1] -4
> floor(x)
[1] -4
# as we truncate the value in x towards zero, the first integer that appears is -3.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-14-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 16
signif()
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Examples
> # example
> x <- 5.3645
> signif(x, 1)
[1] 5
> signif(x, 2)
[1] 5.4
> signif(x, 3)
[1] 5.36](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-16-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 18
jitter()
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Examples
> # example 1
> x <- 1:10
> x
[1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
> jitter(x)
[1] 1.198246 1.845626 3.171562 3.809923 5.188604 6.171728 7.022194 8.058092
[9] 9.150582 10.142704](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-18-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 20
format()
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Examples
> # example 1
> x
[1] 1.187272 2.080868 3.197517 4.016246 4.979482 6.163807 6.837692 8.013903 8.864735
[10] 9.939144
> format(x, digits = 3)
[1] "1.19" "2.08" "3.20" "4.02" "4.98" "6.16" "6.84" "8.01" "8.86" "9.94"
> # example 2
> x <- 1:10
> format(x)
[1] " 1" " 2" " 3" " 4" " 5" " 6" " 7" " 8" " 9" "10"
> format(x, trim = TRUE)
[1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10"](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-20-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 21
format()
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Examples
> # example 3
> format(6.5)
[1] "6.5"
> format(6.5, nsmall = 3)
[1] "6.500"
> format(c(6.5, 15.3), digits = 2)
[1] " 6.5" "15.3"
> format(c(6.5, 15.3), digits = 2, nsmall = 1)
[1] " 6.5" "15.3"](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-21-320.jpg)
![r-squared
Slide 23
formatC()
www.r-squared.in/rprogramming
Examples
> # example 1
> x <- 1:10
> formatC(x)
[1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10"
> formatC(x, width = 6)
[1] " 1" " 2" " 3" " 4" " 5" " 6" " 7" " 8" " 9"
[10] " 10"
> # example 2
> x <- sample(jitter(1:10))
> x
[1] 7.0094486 0.9592379 5.8403164 8.8848952 4.9665959 9.9507841 3.1295332 7.8283830
[9] 2.1360850 3.8991551
> formatC(x, digits = 4)
[1] "7.009" "0.9592" " 5.84" "8.885" "4.967" "9.951" " 3.13" "7.828" "2.136"
[10] "3.899"](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/numericfunction-150416025456-conversion-gate02/85/R-Programming-Numeric-Functions-In-R-23-320.jpg)
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R Programming: Numeric Functions In R
- 1. r-squared Slide 1 www.r-squared.in/rprogramming R Programming Learn the fundamentals of data analysis with R.
- 2. r-squared Slide 2 Course Modules www.r-squared.in/rprogramming ✓ Introduction ✓ Elementary Programming ✓ Working With Data ✓ Selection Statements ✓ Loops ✓ Functions ✓ Debugging ✓ Unit Testing
- 3. r-squared Slide 3 Working With Data www.r-squared.in/rprogramming ✓ Data Types ✓ Data Structures ✓ Data Creation ✓ Data Info ✓ Data Subsetting ✓ Comparing R Objects ✓ Importing Data ✓ Exporting Data ✓ Data Transformation ✓ Numeric Functions ✓ String Functions ✓ Mathematical Functions
- 4. r-squared In this unit, we will explore the following numeric functions: Slide 4 Numeric Functions www.r-squared.in/rprogramming ● signif() ● jitter() ● format() ● formatC() ● abs() ● round() ● ceiling() ● floor()
- 5. r-squared Slide 5 abs() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description abs() computes the absolute values of its arguments. Syntax abs(x) Returns Absolute value Documentation help(abs)
- 6. r-squared Slide 6 abs() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 1 > x <- -5 > abs(x) [1] 5 > # example 2 > y <- 5 > abs(y) [1] 5 > # example 3 > z <- c(1, -3, 4, -7, 5, -9) > abs(z) [1] 1 3 4 7 5 9
- 7. r-squared Slide 7 round() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description round() rounds its argument to the specified number of decimal places. Syntax round(x, digits) Returns Argument rounded to specified number of decimal places. Documentation help(round)
- 8. r-squared Slide 8 round() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 1 > x <- 5.3645 > round(x) # zero decimal values [1] 5 > round(x, digits = 1) # one decimal values [1] 5.4 > round(x, digits = 2) # two decimal values [1] 5.36 > round(x, digits = 3) # three decimal values [1] 5.364
- 9. r-squared Slide 9 ceiling() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description ceiling() takes a numeric argument x and returns the smallest integer not less than x. Syntax ceiling(x) Returns Integer Documentation help(ceiling)
- 10. r-squared Slide 10 ceiling() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > example 1 > x <- 5.3645 > ceiling(x) [1] 6 > example 2 > x <- 3.94 > ceiling(x) [1] 4 > example 3 > x [1] 7.012865 8.148132 9.840098 2.965393 2.098276 6.139226 3.819461 8.849482 1.068249 [10] 5.105874 > ceiling(x) [1] 8 9 10 3 3 7 4 9 2 6
- 11. r-squared Slide 11 floor() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description floor() takes a numeric argument x and returns the smallest integer not greater than x. Syntax floor(..., collapse = NULL) Returns Integer Documentation help(floor)
- 12. r-squared Slide 12 floor() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 1 > x <- 5.3645 > floor(x) [1] 5 > # example 2 > x <- 3.94 > floor(x) [1] 3 > # example 3 > x <- sample(jitter(1:10)) > x [1] 6.1581438 9.9260513 0.9823364 4.1083687 4.9102557 8.1316709 7.0094556 2.8870083 [9] 2.1403249 9.0941759 > floor(x) [1] 6 9 0 4 4 8 7 2 2 9
- 13. r-squared Slide 13 trunc() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description trunc() takes a numeric argument and returns the first integer as the values is truncated towards zero. Syntax trunc(x) Returns Integer Documentation help(trunc)
- 14. r-squared Slide 14 trunc() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 1 > x <- 5.3645 > trunc(x) [1] 5 # as we truncate the value in x towards zero, the first integer that appears is 5. > # example 2 > x <- -3.94 > trunc(x) [1] -3 > round(x) [1] -4 > floor(x) [1] -4 # as we truncate the value in x towards zero, the first integer that appears is -3.
- 15. r-squared Slide 15 signif() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description signif() rounds the value in the first argument to the specified number of significant digits. Syntax signif(x, digits) Returns Value with specified number of significant digits Documentation help(signif)
- 16. r-squared Slide 16 signif() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example > x <- 5.3645 > signif(x, 1) [1] 5 > signif(x, 2) [1] 5.4 > signif(x, 3) [1] 5.36
- 17. r-squared Slide 17 jitter() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description jitter() add noise to a numeric vector. Syntax jitter(numeric_vector) Returns Numeric vector with noise Documentation help(jitter)
- 18. r-squared Slide 18 jitter() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 1 > x <- 1:10 > x [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > jitter(x) [1] 1.198246 1.845626 3.171562 3.809923 5.188604 6.171728 7.022194 8.058092 [9] 9.150582 10.142704
- 19. r-squared Slide 19 format() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description format() will format an R object for pretty printing. Syntax format(x, digits, nsmall, justify) Returns Formatted object Documentation help(format)
- 20. r-squared Slide 20 format() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 1 > x [1] 1.187272 2.080868 3.197517 4.016246 4.979482 6.163807 6.837692 8.013903 8.864735 [10] 9.939144 > format(x, digits = 3) [1] "1.19" "2.08" "3.20" "4.02" "4.98" "6.16" "6.84" "8.01" "8.86" "9.94" > # example 2 > x <- 1:10 > format(x) [1] " 1" " 2" " 3" " 4" " 5" " 6" " 7" " 8" " 9" "10" > format(x, trim = TRUE) [1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10"
- 21. r-squared Slide 21 format() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 3 > format(6.5) [1] "6.5" > format(6.5, nsmall = 3) [1] "6.500" > format(c(6.5, 15.3), digits = 2) [1] " 6.5" "15.3" > format(c(6.5, 15.3), digits = 2, nsmall = 1) [1] " 6.5" "15.3"
- 22. r-squared Slide 22 formatC() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Description formatC() formats numbers individually and flexibly. Syntax formatC(x, digits, width) Returns Formatted object Documentation help(formatC)
- 23. r-squared Slide 23 formatC() www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Examples > # example 1 > x <- 1:10 > formatC(x) [1] "1" "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" "7" "8" "9" "10" > formatC(x, width = 6) [1] " 1" " 2" " 3" " 4" " 5" " 6" " 7" " 8" " 9" [10] " 10" > # example 2 > x <- sample(jitter(1:10)) > x [1] 7.0094486 0.9592379 5.8403164 8.8848952 4.9665959 9.9507841 3.1295332 7.8283830 [9] 2.1360850 3.8991551 > formatC(x, digits = 4) [1] "7.009" "0.9592" " 5.84" "8.885" "4.967" "9.951" " 3.13" "7.828" "2.136" [10] "3.899"
- 24. r-squared In the next unit, we will explore string manipulation in R using the following functions: Slide 24 Next Steps... www.r-squared.in/rprogramming ● match() ● char.expand() ● grep() ● grepl() ● sub() ● substr() ● substring() ● strsplit() ● strtrim() ● chartr() ● tolower() ● toupper() ● toString() ● nchar() ● nzchar() ● noquote() ● pmatch() ● charmatch()
- 25. r-squared Slide 25 Connect With Us www.r-squared.in/rprogramming Visit r-squared for tutorials on: ● R Programming ● Business Analytics ● Data Visualization ● Web Applications ● Package Development ● Git & GitHub