R workshop iii -- 3 hours to learn ggplot2 series
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The document provides an introduction to ggplot2, a plotting system for R, emphasizing its ability to simplify the creation of complex graphics through a layered approach. It outlines the seven basic concepts of ggplot2, including mapping, scale, geometric objects, statistics, coordinate systems, layers, and facets. Additionally, the document offers various examples and resources for utilizing ggplot2 effectively in data visualization.
![>!summary(p)!
data:!manufacturer,!model,!displ,!year,!cyl,!trans,!drv,!cty,!hwy,!
fl l [ ]fl,!class![234x11]!
mapping:!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy
faceting:!facet_null()!g _ ()
>!summary(p+geom_point())
data: manufacturer model displ year cyl trans drv cty hwydata:!manufacturer,!model,!displ,!year,!cyl,!trans,!drv,!cty,!hwy,
fl,!class![234x11]
mapping:!!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy
f i f ll()faceting:!facet_null()!
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
geom_point:!na.rm!=!FALSE!g _p
stat_identity:!!
position_identity:!(width!=!NULL,!height!=!NULL)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rworkshopiii-3hourstolearnggplot2series-140707095607-phpapp01/85/R-workshop-iii-3-hours-to-learn-ggplot2-series-18-320.jpg)
![Beside the “white paper”canvas, we will find geom and stat
canvas.
>!summary(d)
data:![0x0][ ]
faceting:!facet_null()!
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
mapping: x = cty y = hwy colour = factor(year)mapping:!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy,!colour =!factor(year)!
geom_point:!na.rm!=!FALSE!
stat_identity:!!
position_identity:!(width!=!NULL,!height!=!NULL)
mapping:!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy!pp g y, y y
geom_smooth:!!
stat_smooth:!method!=!auto,!formula!=!y!~!x,!se!=!TRUE,!
n = 80 fullrange = FALSE level = 0 95 na rm = FALSEn!=!80,!fullrange =!FALSE,!level!=!0.95,!na.rm!=!FALSE!
position_identity:!(width!=!NULL,!height!=!NULL)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rworkshopiii-3hourstolearnggplot2series-140707095607-phpapp01/85/R-workshop-iii-3-hours-to-learn-ggplot2-series-24-320.jpg)
R workshop iii -- 3 hours to learn ggplot2 series
- 1. Learn ggplot2 A K f SkillAs Kungfu Skills Given by Kai Xiao(Data Sciencetist) Vi i Zh (C f d & CTO)Vivian Zhang(Co-founder & CTO) Contact: vivian zhang@supstat comContact: [email protected]
- 2. • I： Point • II： Bar • III：Histogramg • IV：Line • V： Tile• V： Tile • VI：Map
- 3. IntroductionIntroduction • ggplot2!is!a!plotting!system!for!R • based!on!the《The Grammar!of! Graphics》 • which!tries!to!take!the!good!parts! of!base!and!lattice!graphics!and! none of the bad partsnone!of!the!bad!parts • It!takes!care!of!many!of!the!fiddly! details that make plotting a hassledetails!that!make!plotting!a!hassle • It!becomes!easy!to!produce! complex!multi‐layered!graphicsp y g p
- 4. Why we love ggplot2?Why we love ggplot2? • control the plot as abstract layers and make creativity become reality； d l hi ki• get used to structural thinking； • get beautiful graphics while avoiding complicated details 1973 murder cases in USA
- 5. 7 Basic Concepts7 Basic Concepts Mapping• Mapping • Scale • Geometric • StatisticsStat st cs • Coordinate L• Layer • Facet
- 6. MappingMapping M i t l l ti b t i blMapping controls relations between variables
- 7. ScaleScale Scale will present mapping on coordinate scalesScale will present mapping on coordinate scales. Scale and Mapping is closely related concepts.
- 8. GeometricGeometric Geom means the graphical elements such asGeom means the graphical elements, such as points, lines and polygons.
- 9. StatisticsStatistics Stat enables us to calculate and do statisticalStat enables us to calculate and do statistical analysis based, such as adding a regression line. StatStat
- 10. CoordinateCoordinate Cood will affect how we observe graphicalCood will affect how we observe graphical elements. Transformation of coordinates is useful. Stat Coord
- 11. LayerLayer Component: data, mapping, geom, stat i l ill ll bli h lUsing layer will allow users to establish plots step by step. It become much easier to modify a plot.
- 12. FacetFacet Facet splits data into groups and draw each group separately. Usually, there is a order.
- 13. 7 Basic Concepts7 Basic Concepts Mapping• Mapping • Scale • Geometric • StatisticsStat st cs • Coordinate L• Layer • Facet
- 15. Sample data--mpgSample data mpg • Fuel economy data from 1999 and 2008 for 38 populary p p modelsof car D il• Details • Displ :!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!engine!displacement,!in!litres • Cyl: number of cylinders• Cyl:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!number!of!cylinders! • Trans:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!type!of!transmission! • Drv:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!front‐wheel,!rear!wheel!drive,!4wd!, , • Cty:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!city!miles!per!gallon! • Hwy:!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!highway!miles!per!gallon!
- 16. > library(ggplot2) > str(mpg) 'data.frame': 234 obs. of 14 variables: $ manufacturer: Factor w/ 15 levels "audi","chevrolet",..: $ model : Factor w/ 38 levels "4runner 4wd",..: $ displ : num 1.8 1.8 2 2 2.8 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.8 2 ... $ year : int 1999 1999 2008 2008 1999 1999 2008 1999$ year : int 1999 1999 2008 2008 1999 1999 2008 1999 $ cyl : int 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 4 4 4 ... $ trans : Factor w/ 10 levels "auto(av)","auto(l3)",..: $ d 3 l l f$ drv : Factor w/ 3 levels "4","f","r": $ cty : int 18 21 20 21 16 18 18 18 16 20 ... $ hwy : int 29 29 31 30 26 26 27 26 25 28 ... $ fl : Factor w/ 5 levels "c","d","e","p",..: $ class : Factor w/ 7 levels "2seater","compact",..:
- 17. p <‐ ggplot(data=mpg mapping=aes(x=cty y=hwy)) aesthetics p!< ggplot(data mpg,!mapping aes(x cty,!y hwy)) p!+!geom_point()
- 18. >!summary(p)! data:!manufacturer,!model,!displ,!year,!cyl,!trans,!drv,!cty,!hwy,! fl l [ ]fl,!class![234x11]! mapping:!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy faceting:!facet_null()!g _ () >!summary(p+geom_point()) data: manufacturer model displ year cyl trans drv cty hwydata:!manufacturer,!model,!displ,!year,!cyl,!trans,!drv,!cty,!hwy, fl,!class![234x11] mapping:!!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy f i f ll()faceting:!facet_null()! ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ geom_point:!na.rm!=!FALSE!g _p stat_identity:!! position_identity:!(width!=!NULL,!height!=!NULL)
- 19. p + geom point(color='red4' size=3)p!+!geom_point(color red4 ,size 3)
- 20. # add one more layer--color p <- ggplot(mpg,aes(x=cty,y=hwy,colour=factor(year)))p ggp ( pg, ( y,y y, (y ))) p + geom_point()
- 21. # add one more stat (loess: local partial polynomial regression) >!p!+!geom_point()!+!stat_smooth()
- 22. p!<‐ ggplot(data=mpg,!mapping=aes(x=cty,y=hwy)) p!+!geom_point(aes(colour=factor(year)))+p g _p ( ( (y ))) stat_smooth()
- 23. Two equally ways to draw p <‐ ggplot(mpg aes(x=cty y=hwy)) q y y p!!<‐ ggplot(mpg,!aes(x=cty,y=hwy)) p!!+!geom_point(aes(colour=factor(year)))+ stat smooth()_ () ()d!<‐ ggplot()!+ geom_point(data=mpg,!aes(x=cty,!y=hwy,!colour=factor(year)))+ stat_smooth(data=mpg,!aes(x=cty,!y=hwy)) print(d)
- 24. Beside the “white paper”canvas, we will find geom and stat canvas. >!summary(d) data:![0x0][ ] faceting:!facet_null()! ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ mapping: x = cty y = hwy colour = factor(year)mapping:!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy,!colour =!factor(year)! geom_point:!na.rm!=!FALSE! stat_identity:!! position_identity:!(width!=!NULL,!height!=!NULL) mapping:!x!=!cty,!y!=!hwy!pp g y, y y geom_smooth:!! stat_smooth:!method!=!auto,!formula!=!y!~!x,!se!=!TRUE,! n = 80 fullrange = FALSE level = 0 95 na rm = FALSEn!=!80,!fullrange =!FALSE,!level!=!0.95,!na.rm!=!FALSE! position_identity:!(width!=!NULL,!height!=!NULL)
- 25. # Using scale() function, we can control color of scale. p + geom_point(aes(colour=factor(year)))+ h()stat_smooth()+ scale_color_manual(values =c('steelblue','red4'))
- 26. # We can map “displ”to the size of point p + geom_point(aes(colour=factor(year),size=displ))+ h()stat_smooth()+ scale_color_manual(values =c('steelblue','red4'))
- 30. p!+!geom_point(aes(colour=factor(year),size=displ), alpha=0.5,position!=!"jitter")!!+!!!!stat_smooth()+ scale color manual(values!=c('steelblue','red4'))+_ _ ( ( , )) scale_size_continuous(range!=!c(4,!10))+!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! coord_cartesian(xlim =!c(15,!25),!ylim=c(15,40))
- 31. # Using facet() function, we now split data and draw them by group p + geom_point(aes(colour=class,size=displ), alpha=0.5,position = "jitter")+ hstat_smooth()+ scale_size_continuous(range = c(4, 10))+ facet_wrap(~ year,ncol=1)
- 32. # Add plot name and specify all information you want to add p <- ggplot(mpg, aes(x=cty,y=hwy)) p + geom_point(aes(colour=class,size=displ), alpha=0.5,position = "jitter")+ stat_smooth()+ l i ti ( (4 10))scale_size_continuous(range = c(4, 10))+ facet_wrap(~ year,ncol=1) + opts(title='model of car and mpg')+ labs(y='driving distance per gallon on highway', x='driving distance per gallon on city road', size='displacement', colour ='model')
- 33. # scatter plot for diamond dataset p <- ggplot(diamonds,aes(carat,price))p ggp ( , ( ,p )) p + geom_point()
- 34. # use transparency and small size points p + geom_point(size=0.1,alpha=0.1)p g _p ( , p )
- 35. # use bin chart to observe intensity of points p + stat_bin2d(bins = 40)p _ ( )
- 36. # estimate data dentisy p + stat_density2d(aes(fill = ..level..), geom="polygon") + coord cartesian(xlim = c(0 1 5) ylim=c(0 6000))coord_cartesian(xlim = c(0, 1.5),ylim=c(0,6000))
- 42. ResourcesResources http://learnr.wordpress.com Redraw all the lattice graphRedraw all the lattice graph by ggplot2
- 43. ResourcesResources All the examples are done by ggplot2ggplot2.
- 44. ResourcesResources • http://wiki stdout org/rcookbook/Graphs/http://wiki.stdout.org/rcookbook/Graphs/ • http://r-blogger.com htt //St k fl• http://Stackoverflow.com • http://xccds1977.blogspot.com • http://r-ke.info/ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnVJJYi1 mbw
- 45. Thank you! Come back for more! Sign up at: www.meetup.com/nyc-open-data Give feedback at: www.bit.ly/nycopen