Ready, set, go! An introduction to the Go programming language
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The document introduces the Go programming language, created by Google as an open-source project in 2009, highlighting its efficiency in compilation, execution, and ease of programming. It discusses Go's features, including a simple language specification, remote package management, and concurrency primitives, which make it suitable for modern software development. Additionally, the document emphasizes the language's strengths in systems programming and its growing popularity in various large projects and repositories.
Ready, set, go! An introduction to the Go programming language
- 1. Ready, Set, GO! Chad McCallum ASP.NET MVP iQmetrix Software www.rtigger.com - @ChadEmm An Introduction to the Go Programming Language
- 2. What is Go? A programming language! Initially created as a Google 20% project Released as an open source project on November 10th, 2009 Go 1 (version 1) released on March 28th, 2012
- 3. The Software Development Landscape Born out of frustration with current languages There was a choice between efficient compilation, efficient execution, or ease of programming – most languages didn’t offer all three Computers are faster, but software development isn’t Dependency management is an unnecessarily large, complex part of software development The complexity and awkwardness of type systems are losing out to languages like Python and JavaScript Old languages haven’t caught up to modern affordances, like garbage collection and parallel computation Multicore programming is scary and worrysome
- 4. Enter Go Possible to compile a large program in a few seconds on a single computer Provides a dependency model that avoids the overhead of traditional systems The type system has no hierarchy, so no time is lost defining relationships Fully garbage collected and provides primitives for concurrent execution and communication By design, offers an approach to system software on multicore machines
- 5. A Review of Go’s Features Simple language specification Compiles statically linked binaries without external dependencies Remote package management Concurrency primitives
- 6. Simple Language Specification “Language specification simple enough to keep in a programmer’s head” No type inheritance (uses duck typing) No method or operator overloading No pointer math No assertions No generic programming
- 7. Statically Linked Binaries Compiles to native machine code (x86 and ARM) All referenced libraries are compiled into the same binary – no need to install libraries or framework on target machine Because there’s no intermediate language, interpreter, or framework, applications start and run with minimal overhead
- 8. Remote Package Management Can import dependencies directly from remote repositories, like GitHub, BitBucket, Google Code go get github.com/ChadMcCallum/gotest Uses the current version of the code in “master” (git) or “default” (mercurial) Downloaded to local GOPATH folder
- 9. Concurrency Primitives goroutine – executes function on a lightweight process Similar to task pools in .NET, functions are executed on any available thread allocated by the application Ensures routines don’t block each other Allows developers to write synchronous code while being fully non- blocking Channels provide a way to read and write between routines without managing synchronization A routine that writes to a channel will wait until its message is received A routine that reads from a channel will wait until it receives a message
- 10. Why Choose Go? Why choose any language? Popularity – is there a decent amount of community support? Language-domain match – is the strengths of the language geared towards your problem domain? Libraries – what packages already exist that you can reuse? Efficiency – does the compiler and execution match up with your project’s requirements? Tools – do the appropriate coding, debugging, tracing, and testing tools exist?
- 11. Popularity Currently 36th on the TIOBE Index (March 2014) Used in a number of large projects at Google Youtube.com, dl.google.com, Google App Engine Used in a number of production systems Bit.ly, Torbit, pool.ntp.org, Canonical, CloudFlare, Conformal, Nov artis, BBC, SoundCloud, Moovweb, Heroku, Nokia 4472 questions in StackOverflow 16681 topics on the golang-nuts group
- 12. Language-Domain Match Targeted at systems programming Strengths in concurrency and deployment model Mostly used in server and message-processing scenarios Can, and does, support other scenarios Web apps, games, graphical tools, education
- 13. Libraries 25,522 repositories on GitHub Application containers, web frameworks, websockets, continuous integration, shared key-value stores, shared cache, distributed messaging, maching imaging, SQL engines, service orchestration, client code generation, analytics, autocomplete, load testing, http traffic capture, static site generation, geolocation, PaaS
- 14. Efficiency Natively compiled binaries Not interpreted No external dependencies No Intermediate Language, Common Language Runtime, or Virtual Machine Calculating 8 primes in parallel .NET Tasks – 12.6 seconds Goroutines – 5.99 seconds
- 15. Tools go build – compiles packages and dependencies into executable go fix – rewrites programs that use old APIs to use the newest version go fmt – changes source code to match go standard go get – download and install packages and dependencies go install – compile and install packages and dependencies go run – compile and run program go test – run tests in packages
- 16. IDEs LiteIDE – cross-platform IDE with support for Go and Markdown Go plugin for Eclipse (Goclipse) – plugin for Eclipse Zeus – Windows-only IDE with Go support All three offer debugging, syntax highlighting, and code completion
- 17. Ready, Set, GO! golang.org tour.golang.org play.golang.org godoc.org gobyexample.com goinggo.net Chad McCallum @ChadEmm www.rtigger.com
Editor's Notes
- #8: Do a demo compile of a go app hereGo build car.go
- #9: Download a package and show compiled resultGo get github.com/mitchellh/multistepBrowse to d:\go\pkg\...
- #10: Show code for channels.go, execute
- #12: http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html
- #14: https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=language%3Ago&s=stars&type=Repositories
- #15: Show source code for .net and go. Execute, show result