Running Intelligent Applications inside a Database: Deep Learning with Python Stored Procedures in SQL

RUNNING INTELLIGENT
APPLICATIONS INSIDE A
DATABASE: DEEP LEARNING
WITH PYTHON STORED
PROCEDURES IN SQL
@ODSC
Dr. Miguel Fierro
@miguelgfierro
https://miguelgfierro.com

AI WHERE THE DATA IS
FORECASTING IN SQLSERVER
CANCER DETECTION IN SQLSERVER

source: http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf
$15.7Trillion by 2030 ~ 14% GPD
Productivity gains ($6.6T)
Automation
Increased demand ($9.1T)
Augmentation Higher quality products
AI is the Biggest Business Opportunity

More and more data
source: https://xkcd.com/1838/
90% of the data created in the
last 2 years
Estimations are 40x by 2020
+info: https://miguelgfierro.com/blog/2017/deep-learning-for-
entrepreneurs/

Traditional Python vs SQL Python

Don’t move huge amounts of data
Don’t move critical data
Traditional Python vs SQL Python

Azure Relational Database Platform
Azure Cloud in 38 regions
AzureAnalytics,ML,CognitiveServices,
Bots,PowerBI
Azure Compute & Storage
Database Service Platform
Secure: High Availability, Audit, Backup/Restore
Flexible: On-demand scaling, Resource governance
Intelligence: Advisor, Tuning, Monitoring
SQL Server, MySQL & PostgreSQL

SQL Server 2017 Features
+info: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server/sql-server-2017-editions
Management
Platforms Windows, Linux & Docker
Max size 534Pb
Stretch database
Manage hybrid scenarios with on-premise and
cloud data
Programmability JSON & Graph support
Security
Dynamic Data Masking Protects sensitive data
Row-level security Access control of rows based on user priviledges
Performance
In-memory performance Memory optimized tables
Adaptive query processing Performance improvement of batch queries
Analytics
Advance Analytics Python & R integration
Parallel Advanced Analytics Python & R integration with GPU processes

SQL Server 2017 Platforms: Linux
+info: https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/dataplatforminsider/2016/12/16/sql-server-on-linux-how-introduction/
SQLPAL (SQL Platform Abstraction Layer) allows some
Windows libraries to run on Linux
SQLPAL interacts with the Linux host through Application
Binary Interface calles (ABI)
The performance in Windows and Linux is basically the same

SQL Server 2017 Programmability
Temporal tables
JSON support
Graph data support
Polybase to interact with
Hadoop

Python SQL for Model Development

Python SQL for Model Operationalization

Database Stored Procedures
Functions stored inside the database
Have input and output parameters
Are stored in the database data
dictionary
Example:
CREATE PROCEDURE
<procedure name>
AS BEGIN
<SQL statement>
END GO

System Stored Procedures
+info: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-stored-procedures/system-stored-
procedures-transact-sql
Geo-replication SP
Maintenance Plan SP
Policy Management SP
Replication SP
Distributed Query Management SP
Database Engine SP

Execute External Script Stored Procedure
EXECUTE sp_execute_external_script
@language = N’language’
, @script = N‘ <code here> ’
, @input_data_1 = N' SELECT *’
WITH RESULT SETS ((<var_name> char(20) NOT NULL));
@language = N’R’
, @script = N‘
mytextvariable <- c("hello", " ", "world");
OutputDataSet <- as.data.frame(mytextvariable);’
, @input_data_1 = N‘SELECT 1 as Temp1’
WITH RESULT SETS (([Col1] char(20) NOT NULL));

revoscalepy and RevoScaleR
+info revoscalepy: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/machine-learning-server/python-reference/revoscalepy/revoscalepy-package
+info RevoScaleR: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/machine-learning-server/r-reference/revoscaler/revoscaler
RxLocalSeq RxInSqlServer RxSpark
3 compute contexts for Python and R

revoscalepy functions
Category Description
Compute context Getters and Setters of compute context
Data source Data source object for ODBC, XDF, SQL table, SQL query
ETL Data input/output and transformation
Analytics
Linear regression, logistic regression, random forest, boosted
decision trees
Jobs Manage and schedule jobs, monitoring
Serialization Serialization of models and data objects
Utility Manage utilities and status functions

Ski rental prediction with revoscalepy
source: https://microsoft.github.io/sql-ml-tutorials/python/rentalprediction/
EXEC sp_configure 'external scripts enabled', 1;
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE
SQL
USE master;
GO
RESTORE DATABASE TutorialDB
FROM DISK = 'C:MSSQLBackupTutorialDB.bak'
WITH
MOVE 'TutorialDB' TO 'C:MSSQLDATATutorialDB.mdf'
,MOVE 'TutorialDB_log' TO 'C:MSSQLDATATutorialDB.ldf';
GO
SQL

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error
from revoscalepy import RxComputeContext, RxInSqlServer, RxSqlServerData
from revoscalepy import rx_import
#Connection string to connect to SQL Server named instance
conn_str = 'Driver=SQL Server;Server=MYSQLSERVER;
Database=TutorialDB;
Trusted_Connection=True;’
data_source = RxSqlServerData(table="dbo.rental_data",
connection_string=conn_str,
column_info=column_info)
computeContext = RxInSqlServer(
connection_string = conn_str,
num_tasks = 1,
auto_cleanup = False
)
RxInSqlServer(connection_string=conn_str, num_tasks=1,
auto_cleanup=False)
Python

# import data source and convert to pandas dataframe
df = pd.DataFrame(rx_import(input_data = data_source))
print("Data frame:", df)
Python
Rows Processed: 453
Data frame: Day Holiday Month RentalCount Snow WeekDay Year
0 20 1 1 445 2 2 2014
1 13 2 2 40 2 5 2014
2 10 2 3 456 2 1 2013
3 31 2 3 38 2 2 2014
4 24 2 4 23 2 5 2014
5 11 2 2 42 2 4 2015
6 28 2 4 310 2 1 2013
...
[453 rows x 7 columns]
Results

# Store the variable we'll be predicting on.
target = "RentalCount“
# Generate the training set. Set random_state to be able to replicate
results.
train = df.sample(frac=0.8, random_state=1)
# Select anything not in the training set and put it in the testing set.
test = df.loc[~df.index.isin(train.index)]
# Initialize the model class.
lin_model = LinearRegression()
# Fit the model to the training data.
lin_model.fit(train[columns], train[target])
Python

# Generate our predictions for the test set.
lin_predictions = lin_model.predict(test[columns])
print("Predictions:", lin_predictions)
# Compute error between our test predictions and the actual values.
lin_mse = mean_squared_error(lin_predictions, test[target])
print("Computed error:", lin_mse)
Python
Predictions: [ 40. 38. 240. 39. 514. 48. 297. 25. 507. 24.
30. 54. 40. 26. 30. 34. 42. 390. 336. 37. 22. 35.
55. 350. 252. 370. 499. 48. 37. 494. 46. 25. 312. 390.
35. 35. 421. 39. 176. 21. 33. 452. 34. 28. 37. 260.
49. 577. 312. 24. 24. 390. 34. 64. 26. 32. 33. 358.
348. 25. 35. 48. 39. 44. 58. 24. 350. 651. 38. 468.
26. 42. 310. 709. 155. 26. 648. 617. 26. 846. 729. 44.
432. 25. 39. 28. 325. 46. 36. 50. 63.]
Computed error: 3.59831533436e-26
Results

Ski rental prediction with SQL store procedures
USE TutorialDB;
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS rental_py_models;
GO
CREATE TABLE rental_py_models (
model_name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT('default model’) PRIMARY KEY,
model VARBINARY(MAX) NOT NULL);
GO
SQL
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS py_rental_predictions;
GO
CREATE TABLE py_rental_predictions(
[RentalCount_Predicted] [int] NULL,
[RentalCount_Actual] [int] NULL,
[Month] [int] NULL,
[Day] [int] NULL,
[WeekDay] [int] NULL,
[Snow] [int] NULL,
[Holiday] [int] NULL,
[Year] [int] NULL);
GO
SQL

-- Train model
CREATE PROCEDURE generate_rental_py_model (@trained_model varbinary(max)
OUTPUT)
AS
BEGIN
@language = N'Python'
, @script = N'
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
import pickle
df = rental_train_data
lin_model = LinearRegression()
lin_model.fit(df[columns], df[target])
trained_model = pickle.dumps(lin_model)’
, @input_data_1 = N'select "RentalCount", "Year", "Month", "Day",
"WeekDay", "Snow", "Holiday" from dbo.rental_data where Year < 2015'
, @input_data_1_name = N'rental_train_data'
, @params = N'@trained_model varbinary(max) OUTPUT'
, @trained_model = @trained_model OUTPUT;
END;
GO
SQL

--Execute model training
DECLARE @model VARBINARY(MAX);
EXEC generate_rental_py_model @model OUTPUT;
INSERT INTO rental_py_models (model_name, model) VALUES('linear_model',
@model);
SQL

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS py_predict_rentalcount;
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE py_predict_rentalcount (@model varchar(100))
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @py_model varbinary(max) = (select model from
rental_py_models where model_name = @model);
EXEC sp_execute_external_script
@language = N‘Python’,
@script = N‘
rental_model = pickle.loads(py_model)
df = rental_score_data
# [… python code here …]
lin_predictions = rental_model.predict(df[columns])
predictions_df = pd.DataFrame(lin_predictions)
OutputDataSet = pd.concat([predictions_df, df["RentalCount"],
df["Month"], df["Day"], df["WeekDay"], df["Snow"], df["Holiday"],
df["Year"]], axis=1)
’
-- [… continues in next slide…]
SQL

--[… from previous slide…]
, @input_data_1 = N'Select "RentalCount", "Year" ,"Month", "Day",
"WeekDay", "Snow", "Holiday" from rental_data where Year = 2015'
, @input_data_1_name = N'rental_score_data'
, @params = N'@py_model varbinary(max)'
, @py_model = @py_model
WITH RESULT SETS (("RentalCount_Predicted" float, "RentalCount" float,
"Month" float,"Day" float,"WeekDay" float,"Snow" float,"Holiday" float,
"Year" float));
END;
GO
SQL
-- Execute the prediction
EXEC py_predict_rentalcount 'linear_model';
SELECT * FROM py_rental_predictions;
SQL

Convolutional
Neural Networks
(CNN)
Recurrent
Neural Networks
(RNN)
Two General Kinds of Neural Networks

low level features high level featuresmedium level features
Interesting paper about representations: https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.1792
Multiple Levels of Representation

$1 million in prizes !
Determine
whether a
patient has
cancer or not
competition
Lung Cancer Competition

Data: CT scans of the lung
1595 patients with a diagnostic
200-500 scans per patient
Images of 512x512px

ImageNet dataset Lung cancer dataset
weight transference
Transfer Learning

Forward and backward propagation
input hidden hidden hidden hidden hidden output
Standard Training

Transference option 1: freeze n-1 layers
Frozen layers

Transference option 2: freeze initial layers
Frozen layers Forward and backward propagation

Transference option 3: fine tuning
Forward and backward propagation

3
224
224
last
layer
ImageNet ResNet N layers
penultimate
layer
cat
Pretrained ResNet 152
source: https://github.com/Azure/sql_python_deep_learning

Solution: CNN Featurizer
3
224
224
ResNet N-1 layers
penultimate
layer
CNTK
(53min)k batch
of images
= 1 patient

3
224
224
ResNet N-1 layers
penultimate
layer
no
cancer
CNTK
(53min)
LightGBM
(2min)
Boosted tree
k batch
of images
= 1 patient
features
Solution: Boosted Tree Classifier

(Extra slide): 2nd place in the competition
source: https://github.com/juliandewit/kaggle_ndsb2017

Deep Learning in SQL Server: Training
sp.dbo.GenerateFeatures
CNTK with GPUs
sp.dbo.TrainLungCancerModel
LightGBM
Populate tables

Deep Learning in SQL Server: Operationalization
sp.dbo.PredictLungCancer Web App

THANK YOU
@ODSC
Dr. Miguel Fierro
@miguelgfierro
https://miguelgfierro.com

Running Intelligent Applications inside a Database: Deep Learning with Python Stored Procedures in SQL

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