Running php on nginx
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The document discusses configuring Nginx and PHP-FPM for high performance websites. Some key points: - Nginx is a lightweight and fast HTTP server that is well-suited for high traffic loads. It can be used as a web server, reverse proxy, load balancer, and more. - PHP-FPM (PHP FastCGI Process Manager) runs PHP processes as a pool that is separate from the web server for better isolation and performance. Nginx communicates with PHP-FPM via FastCGI. - Benchmark results show Nginx performing better than Apache, especially under high concurrency loads. Caching with Nginx and Memcached can further improve
![10 #Dynatrace
• Installa-on
• Pool
configura-on
/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
PHP-‐FPM
[www]
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 # for Unix socket: unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
root@hzvm01:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ps -ef | grep php
root 6435 1 0 14:39 ? 00:00:32 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf)
spelix 6439 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch
spelix 6440 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch
www-data 10576 6435 1 18:45 ? 00:00:48 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 10920 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:47 php-fpm: pool www
www-data 10927 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:46 php-fpm: pool www
sudo apt-get install php5-fpm](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-10-320.jpg)
![11 #Dynatrace
• Pool
configura-on
/etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
PHP-‐FPM
[pool_name]
...
pm = [dynamic/static]
pm.max_children = 10
;only used for dynamic:
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
pm.max_children
=
total
available
memory
/
memory
used
by
1
PHP
process](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-11-320.jpg)
![19 #Dynatrace
using
Nginx/PHP-‐FPM
there’s
a
beder
way:
URL
rewrite
upstream php {
server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {
listen 80;
root /var/www;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
server_name www.mysite.com;
location /images {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location /scripts {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
location / {
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/index.php;
fastcgi_pass php;
}
}
<?php
$params = explode('/', trim($_SERVER["DOCUMENT_URI"],'/'));
...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-19-320.jpg)
![26 #Dynatrace
Sta-c
HTML,
10k
requests
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
100
500
1000
2000
Apache/2.4.9
nginx/1.1.19
concurrency
Total
response
-me
[sec]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-26-320.jpg)
![33 #Dynatrace
• PHP
Full
page
cache
with
Nginx
and
Memcached
<?php
...
function cachePage($content) {
$c = new Memcached();
$c->addServer('localhost',11211);
$c->set($_SERVER[”REQUEST_URI"], $content);
}
...
$content = $this->renderPage();
$this->cachePage($content);
...
?>](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-33-320.jpg)
![35 #Dynatrace
Server Software: Apache/2.4.7
Server Hostname: test.hzvm01
Server Port: 88
Document Path: /index.php
Document Length: 10 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 7.296 seconds
Complete requests: 5000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 985000 bytes
HTML transferred: 50000 bytes
Requests per second: 685.31 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 145.920 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 1.459 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 131.84 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 6 6.5 4 56
Processing: 30 138 57.2 120 938
Waiting: 30 135 56.4 117 937
Total: 55 144 55.8 126 938
PHP,
5k
requests,
concurrency
100](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-35-320.jpg)
![36 #Dynatrace
Server Software: Nginx + PHP
Server Hostname: test.hzvm01
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /index.php
Document Length: 10 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 4.514 seconds
Complete requests: 5000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 625000 bytes
HTML transferred: 50000 bytes
Requests per second: 1107.62 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 90.284 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.903 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 135.21 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 2 3.2 1 38
Processing: 22 88 13.1 87 148
Waiting: 21 87 13.1 86 148
Total: 42 89 12.5 88 148
PHP,
5k
requests,
concurrency
100](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-36-320.jpg)
![37 #Dynatrace
Server Software: Nginx + Memcached
Server Hostname: test.hzvm01
Server Port: 82
Document Path: /index.php
Document Length: 23 bytes
Concurrency Level: 100
Time taken for tests: 3.058 seconds
Complete requests: 5000
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 865000 bytes
HTML transferred: 115000 bytes
Requests per second: 1634.92 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 61.165 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 0.612 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 276.21 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 7 24 6.0 24 59
Processing: 8 36 7.8 36 75
Waiting: 6 28 7.4 29 69
Total: 32 60 9.3 60 101
PHP,
5k
requests,
concurrency
100](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/runningphponnginx-150212071917-conversion-gate01/85/Running-php-on-nginx-37-320.jpg)
Running php on nginx
- 1. 1 #Dynatrace Proper configura-on for high performance websites Harald Zeitlhofer February 2015 Boost your website by running PHP on Nginx @HZeitlhofer [email protected]
- 3. 3 #Dynatrace • Lightweight HTTP server • Fast especially at high load • Open Source project (BSD) by Igor Sysoev • Nginx, Inc. founded in 2011 • Nginx+: enhanced func-onality and enterprise support • Load balancer • Media server
- 4. 4 #Dynatrace Leading among top 10.000 websites
- 5. 5 #Dynatrace Nginx vs Apache
- 7. 7 #Dynatrace • mod_php • mod_fcgid • mod_fastcgi Integra-on • ngx_h+p_fastcgi_modul
- 8. 8 #Dynatrace PHP FastCGI Process Manager
- 9. 9 #Dynatrace • Apache Module • used for most PHP environments • CGI • Command Line Interface (CLI) • FastCGI (PHP-‐FPM) • Available since 5.3.3, stable since 5.4.1 • Run mul-ple PHP worker processes to serve CGI requests • Mul-ple connec-on pools (different uid/gid environments possible) • Isola-on from webserver (fastcgi_finish_request) PHP run modes
- 10. 10 #Dynatrace • Installa-on • Pool configura-on /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf PHP-‐FPM [www] user = www-data group = www-data listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 # for Unix socket: unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; root@hzvm01:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ps -ef | grep php root 6435 1 0 14:39 ? 00:00:32 php-fpm: master process (/etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf) spelix 6439 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch spelix 6440 6435 0 14:39 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool batch www-data 10576 6435 1 18:45 ? 00:00:48 php-fpm: pool www www-data 10920 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:47 php-fpm: pool www www-data 10927 6435 1 18:47 ? 00:00:46 php-fpm: pool www sudo apt-get install php5-fpm
- 11. 11 #Dynatrace • Pool configura-on /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf PHP-‐FPM [pool_name] ... pm = [dynamic/static] pm.max_children = 10 ;only used for dynamic: pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3 pm.max_children = total available memory / memory used by 1 PHP process
- 12. 12 #Dynatrace Nginx and PHP-‐FPM Integra-on
- 13. 13 #Dynatrace • /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # max_clients = worker_processes * worker_connections worker_processes 8; # number of CPUs worker_rlimit_nofile 40000; events { worker_connections 1024; multi_accept on; }
- 14. 14 #Dynatrace • Communica-on via sockets • TCP vs Unix • Unix slightly faster when used on localhost • Use TCP for high load location ~* .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; } fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
- 15. 15 #Dynatrace Nginx – PHP transac-on flow
- 16. 16 #Dynatrace • Sta-c content to be served by Nginx • Dynamic requests to be sent to PHP-‐FPM Integra-on server { listen 80; root /var/www/test; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name test.whateveryourdomain.is; location ~ .(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpe|jpeg|png|bmp|tif|pdf|ico)$ { try_files $uri @notfound; } location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } location ~* .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass php; include fastcgi_params; } }
- 17. 17 #Dynatrace hdp://www.mysite.com/news/browse/2014 è to be handled by index.php URL rewrite ... RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-l RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php ...
- 18. 18 #Dynatrace hdp://www.mysite.com/news/browse/2014 è to be handled by index.php URL rewrite upstream php { server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; } server { listen 80; root /var/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name www.mysite.com; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ @missing; } location @missing { rewrite (.*) /index.php; } location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass php; } }
- 19. 19 #Dynatrace using Nginx/PHP-‐FPM there’s a beder way: URL rewrite upstream php { server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; } server { listen 80; root /var/www; index index.php index.html index.htm; server_name www.mysite.com; location /images { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } location /scripts { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } location / { fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /var/www/index.php; fastcgi_pass php; } } <?php $params = explode('/', trim($_SERVER["DOCUMENT_URI"],'/')); ...
- 20. 20 #Dynatrace • Easy way to deploy your applica-on • All source files packed into one *.phar file PHAR – PHP Archives location ~* .(php|phar)$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/myapp.phar; }
- 21. 21 #Dynatrace PHAR example root@hzvm01:/var/www/app/src# ls -lrtR .: total 8 drwxrwxr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 10 16:27 lib -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27 Oct 10 16:27 index.php ./lib: total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 87 Oct 10 16:27 App.php root@hzvm01:/var/www/app/src# cat index.php <?php $app = new App(); ?> root@hzvm01:/var/www/app/src# cat lib/App.php <?php class App { function __construct() { echo "Starting Applicationn"; } }
- 22. 22 #Dynatrace PHAR example location /myapp { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/myapp.phar; } root@hzvm01:/var/www/app# phar pack -f myapp.phar src lib/App.php index.php root@hzvm01:/var/www/app# l myapp.phar -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6923 Oct 10 19:51 myapp.phar
- 25. 25 #Dynatrace • Nginx running with default sehngs • Apache • AllowOverride None • Mul--‐process mode to allow usage of mod_php Benchmarking Nginx vs Apache
- 26. 26 #Dynatrace Sta-c HTML, 10k requests 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100 500 1000 2000 Apache/2.4.9 nginx/1.1.19 concurrency Total response -me [sec]
- 27. 27 #Dynatrace Nginx and Caching
- 28. 28 #Dynatrace • Part of the Nginx FastCGI module Nginx FastCGI cache fastcgi_cache_path /etc/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=APPKEY:100m inactive=60m; fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri"; location ~* .php$ { fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_cache APPKEY; fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m; }
- 29. 29 #Dynatrace Tes-ng FastCGI cache
- 30. 30 #Dynatrace Tes-ng FastCGI cache
- 31. 31 #Dynatrace Tes-ng FastCGI cache <?php echo time()."n"; ?>
- 32. 32 #Dynatrace • ngx_hdp_memcached_module Full page cache with Nginx and Memcached server { location / { set $memcached_key "$uri"; memcached_pass localhost:11211; error_page 404 502 504 = @fallback; } location @fallback { proxy_pass http://backend; } }
- 33. 33 #Dynatrace • PHP Full page cache with Nginx and Memcached <?php ... function cachePage($content) { $c = new Memcached(); $c->addServer('localhost',11211); $c->set($_SERVER[”REQUEST_URI"], $content); } ... $content = $this->renderPage(); $this->cachePage($content); ... ?>
- 34. 34 #Dynatrace PHP, 5k requests, concurrency 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Apache+PHP Nginx+PHP Nginx+Memcached <?php echo “Hello World”; ?>
- 35. 35 #Dynatrace Server Software: Apache/2.4.7 Server Hostname: test.hzvm01 Server Port: 88 Document Path: /index.php Document Length: 10 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 7.296 seconds Complete requests: 5000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 985000 bytes HTML transferred: 50000 bytes Requests per second: 685.31 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 145.920 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.459 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 131.84 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 6 6.5 4 56 Processing: 30 138 57.2 120 938 Waiting: 30 135 56.4 117 937 Total: 55 144 55.8 126 938 PHP, 5k requests, concurrency 100
- 36. 36 #Dynatrace Server Software: Nginx + PHP Server Hostname: test.hzvm01 Server Port: 80 Document Path: /index.php Document Length: 10 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 4.514 seconds Complete requests: 5000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 625000 bytes HTML transferred: 50000 bytes Requests per second: 1107.62 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 90.284 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.903 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 135.21 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 0 2 3.2 1 38 Processing: 22 88 13.1 87 148 Waiting: 21 87 13.1 86 148 Total: 42 89 12.5 88 148 PHP, 5k requests, concurrency 100
- 37. 37 #Dynatrace Server Software: Nginx + Memcached Server Hostname: test.hzvm01 Server Port: 82 Document Path: /index.php Document Length: 23 bytes Concurrency Level: 100 Time taken for tests: 3.058 seconds Complete requests: 5000 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 865000 bytes HTML transferred: 115000 bytes Requests per second: 1634.92 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 61.165 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.612 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 276.21 [Kbytes/sec] received Connection Times (ms) min mean[+/-sd] median max Connect: 7 24 6.0 24 59 Processing: 8 36 7.8 36 75 Waiting: 6 28 7.4 29 69 Total: 32 60 9.3 60 101 PHP, 5k requests, concurrency 100
- 38. 38 #Dynatrace • set HTTP response expires header Client Side Caching location ~ .(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpe|jpeg|png|bmp|tif|pdf|ico)$ { expires 90d; access_log off; error_log off; try_files $uri =404; }
- 39. 39 #Dynatrace • keep handlers for requested sta-c files open Filehandle Caching open_file_cache max=1000 inactive=5m; open_file_cache_valid 60s; open_file_cache_min_uses 5; open_file_cache_errors off;
- 40. 40 #Dynatrace • ngx_hdp_upstream_module Load balancing PHP upstream php_loadbalancer { ip_hash; server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock weight=5; server 192.168.56.12:7777 weight=2; server 192.168.56.13:7777; } server { listen 80; root /home/www/test; server_name test.hzvm01; location / { try_files $uri =405; } location ~ .php$ { fastcgi_pass php_loadbalancer; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } }
- 41. 41 #Dynatrace Load balancing PHP
- 42. 42 #Dynatrace Load balancing / Reverse Proxy upstream backend { ip_hash; server 192.168.56.11 weight=5; server 192.168.56.12 weight=2; server 192.168.56.13; } server { listen 80; root /var/www/mysite.com/html; server_name www.mysite.com; location / { try_files $uri =405; proxy_pass http://backend; } }
- 43. 43 #Dynatrace Reverse Proxy / Load balancing / Caching proxy_cache_path /etc/nginx/cache keys_zone=APPKEY:10m; proxy_cache_key "$host$request_uri$cookie_user"; proxy_cache_min_uses 5; proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD; proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m; proxy_cache_valid 404 1m; upstream backend { ip_hash; server 192.168.56.11 weight=5; server 192.168.56.12 weight=2; server 192.168.56.13; } server { listen 80; root /var/www/mysite.com/html; server_name www.mysite.com; proxy_cache APPKEY; location / { proxy_pass http://backend; } }
- 46. 46 #Dynatrace User Experience Management
- 47. 47 #Dynatrace
- 48. 48 #Dynatrace
- 49. 49 #Dynatrace • Load Generator (Apache Benchmark, JMeter) • Firebug, Google Developer Tools Dynatrace Ajax Edi-on • Google PageSpeed • Dynatrace Free Trial • Free trial license for 30 days • Free for developers on local machine Tools hdp://bit.ly/ddrial
- 50. 50 #Dynatrace Thank You [email protected] @HZeitlhofer www.dynatrace.com