SAP-ABAP-Object-Oriented-Programming.pptx
- 1. SAP ABAP Object-Oriented Programming Welcome to this introductory session on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in SAP ABAP. We will explore the fundamental concepts of OOP and how they apply to ABAP development. This material will equip you with the essential knowledge and skills for effective ABAP programming.
- 2. Why Object-Oriented Programming? Modularity OOP promotes modularity, making code more organized and maintainable. Each module (class) represents a specific part of the program, simplifying understanding and modification. Reusability Classes can be reused in different programs, reducing redundancy and saving development time. This also ensures consistency across the system. Real-World Modeling OOP allows developers to model real- world entities more effectively, leading to code that aligns better with business processes and requirements.
- 3. Basic Concepts of OOP Class A blueprint for creating objects, defining their data and behavior. Classes encapsulate both data (attributes) and functions (methods) that operate on that data. Object An instance of a class, containing specific data and capable of performing actions defined by its class. Each object has its own unique set of data while sharing the same structure and methods defined by the class. Attributes Data members of a class that define the properties of an object. Attributes hold the specific values for each instance of the class, representing its unique characteristics. Methods Functions defined within a class, operating on the attributes of the class. Methods define the behavior of the class and are used to manipulate and access the data held by objects.
- 4. Components of a Class Instance Attributes Unique to each object, defined using the DATA statement. Instance attributes hold the specific data for each individual object of the class. Static Attributes Shared across all instances of a class, defined using CLASS-DATA. Static attributes are common to all objects created from the same class and are not unique to individual objects. Instance Methods Can access instance attributes, defined using METHODS. Instance methods operate on the specific data of each individual object and can be called by each object of the class. Static Methods Can only access static attributes, defined using CLASS-METHODS. Static methods operate on the shared data of the class and can be called directly without an object instance.
- 5. Creating Class Instances DATA: object_name TYPE REF TO class_name. CREATE OBJECT object_name. This code snippet demonstrates the process of creating an instance of a class in ABAP. It declares a reference variable of the class type and then uses the CREATE OBJECT statement to create a new instance of the class.
- 6. Class Declaration Class declaration involves two steps: defining the class structure and then implementing its methods. The definition part specifies the attributes and methods of the class, while the implementation part provides the logic for the methods. 1 Definition CLASS class_name DEFINITION. PUBLIC SECTION. DATA: attribute_name TYPE data_type. METHODS: method_name. ENDCLASS. 2 Implementation CLASS class_name IMPLEMENTATION. METHOD method_name. " Method logic ENDMETHOD. ENDCLASS.
- 7. Types of Components Global Class Defined at the global level and accessible throughout the program. Global classes are reusable across multiple programs and provide a centralized resource for shared logic and data. Local Class Defined within a specific program or method and accessible only within that scope. Local classes provide a more localized approach, encapsulating logic and data specific to the program or method where they are defined.
- 8. OOP Principles 1 Abstraction Hiding complexity, focusing on essentials. 2 Encapsulation Bundling data and methods. 3 Inheritance Creating new classes from existing ones. 4 Polymorphism Processing objects differently based on type.
- 9. Events and Interfaces Events Enable communication between objects, allowing objects to respond to specific actions or changes. Events are declared within a class and other classes can respond to these events by implementing event handler methods. Interfaces Define a contract for classes, outlining methods that must be implemented. Classes implementing an interface are required to provide concrete implementations for these methods, ensuring consistency in behavior.
- 10. Next Steps This training material has provided a foundation in Object-Oriented Programming in SAP ABAP. To further enhance your skills, explore advanced concepts such as abstract classes, final classes, class variants, and constructor methods. Explore real-world application scenarios and best practices for utilizing OOP in ABAP development. You can continue your learning by referring to online tutorials, documentation, and community forums.