Scratch Programming
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This document provides an introduction to Scratch, a free programming environment designed for children aged 8-16 to create animations, stories, and games without prior coding knowledge. It explains Scratch's features, the concept of programming as a set of instructions, and the benefits of using Scratch for creative and computational learning. The document also includes a basic tutorial on getting started with Scratch by creating simple scripts and offers online and offline resources for further exploration.
Scratch Programming
- 1. An intro to programming concepts with Scratch Prepared By Bilal Hanbali This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- 2. SCOPE What is scratch? Why ? How ? Scratch is a free object- oriented software development kit (SDK) that allows children age 8-16 to create animations, interactive stories, games and music without needing to know a specific programming language. • Scratch does NOT require syntax • Scratch can be used to create sophisticated programs • Scratch is extensible Scratch can either be used online in a web browser, or downloaded and used offline. Online https://scratch.mit.edu/ Offline https://scratch.mit.edu/dow nload
- 4. What is Scratch? • Scratch is a simple environment designed by the Kindergarden Lifelong Learning Group at MIT. • In Scratch, sprites (objects) are manipulated on the stage (background) using various scripts (small program segments). Each sprite has its own set of scripts to control its behaviors and how it interacts with other sprites and events.
- 5. What is Programming • Programming • A computer program is simply to • It is like a recipe: a set of instructions to tell a cook how to make a dish. is the art of making a computer do what you want it to do a set of instructions Tell computer how to perform a task.
- 6. Why Scratch •Help kids become fluent with Digital media Express themselves creatively Make connections to powerful ideas. Learn important computational ideas. Reason systematically.
- 9. MENU: • This is how you can create a ‘New’ project, ‘Open’ or ‘Save’ an existing project, ‘Save (a new project) as’ whatever name you choose, ‘Undo’ a previous action, and obtain ‘Help’. BLOCK DESCRIPTIONS: The block categories are all color coded so when you see a block of a specific color, you can quickly determine which category it came from.
- 10. GREEN FLAG / RED STOP • Typically you click on the Green Flag to start your main program(s) and the Red Stop sign to end them.
- 11. LEARNING TO SCRATCH • The best way to learn Scratch is through experimentation. As it is an interactive environment, feel free to stop and experiment as you work through this tutorial. WRITING SIMPLE SCRIPTS • To create a script, we simply drag a block from the Blocks Palette onto the Scripts Area. To run it, we can double-click it and observe what happens on the stage. Let’s try… Can be an number
- 13. STEPS Step 1 • Start Moving Step 2 • Add a Sound Step 3 • Start a Dance Step 4 • Loop
- 14. Double click on the desktop icon
- 15. Drag a MOVE block into the Scripts area Add a Sound Drag out a PLAY DRUM and snap it onto the MOVE block.Click on the block to make the cat move.
- 16. Behind the code • Drag out a PLAY DRUM and snap it onto the MOVE block. Click and listen. If you can’t hear it, check that the sound on your computer is on. You can choose different drums from the pull-down menu.
- 17. Start a Dance Add another MOVE block. Click inside the block and type in a minus sign. Click on any of the blocks to run the stack. Add another PLAY DRUM block, then choose a drum from the menu. Click to run.
- 18. Again and Again
- 19. Drag out a REPEAT block and drop it on top of the stack. You want the mouth of the REPEAT to wrap around the other blocks. To drag a stack, pick it up from the top block.
- 20. Green Flag Whenever you click the green flag, your script will start. To stop, click the stop button.
- 21. Add a Background
- 23. Where to find Scratch • Online Verison - http://scratch.mit.edu • Offline Version - https://scratch.mit.edu/download • Requirements- Adobe AIR - https://get.adobe.com/air/ • Support Materials - https://scratch.mit.edu/scratchr2/static/sa/Scratch2StarterProjects.zip https://cdn.scratch.mit.edu/scratchr2/static/__709da8e5f3d72129538a4 ccdbcbf5f2a__/pdfs/help/Getting-Started-Guide-Scratch2.pdf https://cdn.scratch.mit.edu/scratchr2/static/__709da8e5f3d72129538a4 ccdbcbf5f2a__/pdfs/help/Scratch2Cards.pdf
- 24. Try Your First Project!
Editor's Notes
- #3: Scratch does NOT require syntax In order to build your own program, all you have to do is move blocks around. Scratch can be used to create sophisticated programs It’s not just for kids! There are many building blocks to choose from to create complex programming. If you explore the tools in more detail, you will find that there are many other blocks available. Scratch is extensible Many Scratch users may not realize they can add variables, list and even create their own blocks in the program! Users can even connect Scratch to hardware such as LEGO, Roboblock. This extensible is really makes the possibility endless.
- #5: Scratch is a simple environment designed by the Kindergarden Lifelong Learning Group at MIT to introduce some basic programming concepts in a fun and interactive manner. In Scratch, sprites (objects) are manipulated on the stage (background) using various scripts (small program segments). Each sprite has its own set of scripts to control its behaviors and how it interacts with other sprites and events. Programming consists of snapping together individual blocks of preexisting actions to create a script. A program can be as simple as a single block or consist of multiple blocks stacked together that will run as a unit.