Secure remote protocol for fpga reconfiguration
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The document discusses a novel secure remote protocol for FPGA reconfiguration in wireless sensor networks (WSN) that aims to reduce power consumption by autonomously handling simple tasks using reconfigurable finite state machines (FSMs). It highlights the use of remote configuration features that allow dynamic updating and flexibility, alongside security measures using various encryption algorithms for data integrity. The proposed architecture and experimental results suggest optimizations that can significantly lower energy usage while maintaining functional efficiency.
![IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 407
SECURE REMOTE PROTOCOL FOR FPGA RECONFIGURATION
G.Balasubramanian1
, N.Keerthana2
1
Assistant Professor, 2
PG Scholar, ECE Department, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam-612 001
Abstract
In most of the wireless sensor network nodes main functionality in software are implemented using CPU. Since total energy
consumption of periodic measurement and network listening are considerably increased. In order to tackle this problem novel
reconfigurable peripheral blocks are introduced into the WSN. For ultra-low-power sensor networks, finite state machines are used
for simple tasks where the system’s microprocessor would be overqualified. This FSM unit autonomously handles simple sub-tasks of
the periodic activities, Microprocessor to remain in a sleep state, thus saving energy. This work presents for implementing transition
based reconfigurable FSM
Keywords: - Finite State Machine (FSM), Reconfiguration, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Wireless sensor network development was motivated by
military application such as battlefield surveillance. These
networks are used in many industrial and consumer
application, such as industrial process monitoring and machine
health monitoring and so on. In this paper secure remote
protocol has been proposed for FPGA Reconfiguration..
Reconfiguration platform has feature that allow easy reuse of
the node in several application avoiding redesigning the
system from scratch. The node includes an FPGA which is the
core of the reconfigurable capabilities of the node.
Reconfiguration area can be remotely or dynamically
configured [7]. Previously microprocessor and microcontroller
has been used [1] which consume more power. In order to
reduce power consumption and to transmit the bit stream
confidently we go for remote configuration.
In high volume application most challenging trend is to reduce
power. But it is difficult in sensor node, there are two ways to
reduce power consumption (i) activity of node to a portion of
time (ii) integrate most component into a single chip. Sensor
node consists of multiple individual commercially available
components waste lot of energy in voltage level adaptation
[8]. In this paper serial communication protocol is used
(Which transmit data one at a time).
The paper outline is as follows. Section 2 presents Remote
Configuration and their feature. Section 3 presents
Reconfigurable architecture. Section 4 presents MD5
algorithm for data integrity check. Section 5 presents
Transition based FSM. Section 6 presents Experimental setup.
Section 7 presents security scheme. Section 8 presents
simulation and result. Section 9 presents comparison table for
power consumption. Section 10 presents conclusion and future
work.
2. REMOTE CONFIGURATION
Remote update for hardware system is enabled by Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this work, previous
ideas [6, 9] are improved and implemented in order to achieve
flexibility. Remote configuration has following feature: fix
software bugs, adapt to changing user needs and
environmental condition in which the network is deployed,
shorten software development phase, make software robust,
complete application replacement.
3. RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE
3.1 Need for Network Reconfiguration
Node gets failed or low response time
Signal strength seems to be quite weak
Change the router configuration when number end
device increase or decrease
Add a new device with high secure.
Generally there are two type of configuration (i)STATIC (The
device is not active during reconfiguration process. While data
is send into FPGA the rest of device is stopped and brought up
after configuration complete) (ii)DYNAMIC (Active
reconfiguration permit to change the part of the device while
reset of an FPGA is still running). In this paper dynamic
configuration is used.
3.2 Reconfigurable Architecture
We introduce reconfigurable hardware block to Wireless
Sensor Network. Which independently conduct simple sub-
task instead of the CPU. Software can be modified by
reprogramming the code memory; synthesized logic cores
require a redesign of the chip.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secureremoteprotocolforfpgareconfiguration-160813075538/85/Secure-remote-protocol-for-fpga-reconfiguration-1-320.jpg)
![IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 408
3.3 Proposed Block Diagram
Reconfigurable
unit
ADC Controller
UART controller
Instruction
decoder
FSM Based CPU
Configuration
controller
ZIGBEE
Transceiver
FPGA
Fig 1: Hardware Implementation Block Diagram
3.3.1 Block Diagram Description
ADC Controller
Generate the start of conversion, clock signal to external ADC.
This controller monitor the output enable signal from ADC. It
will read the sensor data which is in hex format and convert
the hex value into decimal and ASCII format.
UART Controller
UART Controller generate require baud rate for transmit the
data (9600). Compress the sensor data and discard the
redundant bits. UART arrange the sensor data into 10bit
frame(8 bit data one start bit and stop bit) and shift the data in
vitwise each 1/9600 clock period.
FSM based CPU
Generate control signal to UART controller and ADC
controller. FSM read the opcode from instruction decoder and
execute the task and monitor the reconfigurable unit for update
the new bit stream.
Configuration Controller
This controller will read the bits stream from Zigbee
transceiver. Decrypt the bit stream data, controller will verify
the data integrity through MD5 algorithm and generate
reconfiguration boot command to FPGA.
3.3.2 Feature of Proposed System
Reconfigurability
Central control unit can set the run-time parameter of the
device and/or update/upgrade the firmware of the system over
the air(OTA).
Plug –N-Play
Depending on the application needs/requirements, different
infrastructure and their configuration can be deployed quickly.
Self-Identification
Necessary for high volume data collection system as multiple
sensor/actuator may be read at one time.
Self-Calibration
The intelligent adaptive sensor can accurately measure data
and self- calibrate without significant user intervention.
Wireless Connectivity
Provide bi-directional communication over a wireless
connection.
4. MD5 ALGORITHM
Previously MAC (message authentication code) value is
calculated when making configure with remote update server.
This security analysis the integrity and the confidentiality of
the bitstream for remote updating process [3,6&9]. In this
paper MD5 algorithm is used for data integrity.
MD5 algorithm was developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest
in 1991. According to RFC 1321, “MD5 message-digest
algorithm takes as input a message of arbitrary length and
produces as output a 128-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest"
of the input …The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital
signature applications, where a large file must be
"compressed" in a secure manner before being encrypted with
a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem such as
RSA”.
Fig 2: MD5 Algorithm Structure](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secureremoteprotocolforfpgareconfiguration-160813075538/85/Secure-remote-protocol-for-fpga-reconfiguration-2-320.jpg)
![IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 409
5. TRANSITION BASED FSM
Reconfigurable logic block are implemented usually as a
FSM. We can implement any possible FSM for given input,
output and state transition. Reconfiguration take place by
writing appropriate content in RAM. For whole state transition
large reconfigurable block are needed which are complex in
order to reduce the complexity we construct reconfigurable
block for each transition.
[8]Transition instead of state function is known as transition
based FSM. Transition based FSM is a two phase process. In
first phase, necessary resource are specified. In second phase,
transition based FSM implemented in embedded chip is
configured. Transition based FSM consists of (i) State
Register (ii) Input Switching Matrix (iii) State Selection Gate
(iv) Input Pattern Gate (v) Next State.
Fig 3: FSM CPU work mode
5.1 Data Forwarding
The aggregator receives data from both the devices & CCU
and forwards it to its in-tended recipients. Data from devices
are marked with their specific device IDs at the aggregator and
sent to CCU. Data from CCU is marked with device IDs and
the aggregator extracts this information and forwards the data
to the respective-device.
Fig 4: Payload over wireless link
Fig 5: Message Exchange Flowchart for Device
Reconfiguration (OTA)
6. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Hardware implementation is realized with FPGA. FPGA are
programmable digital logic chip, which means you can
program them to do almost any digital function. Altera is the
second FPGA heavyweight. Altera focus is on easy of use
with an HDL software suite that has traditional been very
good their silicon has a bit less feature their architecture is not
open. Altera quartus is a programmable logic device software
from altera. In this paper we are using quartus II software
version 9.0.
6.1 ALTERA DE1 Board
The DE1 (Development and Education) board has many
features that allow the user to implement a wide range of
designed circuits, from simple circuits to various multimedia
projects. To provide maximum flexibility for the user, all
connections are made through the Cyclone II FPGA device.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secureremoteprotocolforfpgareconfiguration-160813075538/85/Secure-remote-protocol-for-fpga-reconfiguration-3-320.jpg)
![IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 411
10. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The optimization potential of the power consumption of a
sensor interface for WSN node was depicted .The CPU with
additional reconfigurable hardware blocks that take over
simple tasks from the CPU to release it from frequent wake-
ups. A novel reconfigurable block are introduced in to WSN
that tackle the problem due to wakeup overhead and waiting
periods the total energy consumption of periodic measurement
and network listening.
Future work include implementation of Transistion based
Reconfigurable FSM(TR-FSM) and Hardware Performance
Analysis. FSM are used for ultra low power sensor nodes. In
this work reconfigurable Finite State Machines: Transition-
based Reconfigurable FSM (TR-FSM) is used. A simple
solution for reconfigurable FSM is the use of a RAM in read
only mode. This architecture allows to implement any possible
FSM with the given number of inputs, outputs and state
signals and is reconfigurable by writing the appropriate RAM
content. However, the size of the RAM grows exponentially
with the number of inputs and state signals. On the other hand,
the implemented FSM can have transitions from any state to
any other.
REFERENCES
[1]. Ann Gordon-Ross, Alan D. George and Rafael Garcia
(2009), “Exploiting Partially Reconfigurable FPGAs for
Situation-Based Reconfiguration in Wireless Sensor
Networks”, ISBN: 978-0-7695-3716-0.
[2]. Andreas Engel, Andreas Koch and Bjorn Liebig (2012),
“Energy- Efficient Hetrogenous Reconfigurable Sensor Node
For Distributed Structural Health Monitoring”, E-ISBN : 978-
2-9539987-4-0.
[3]. An Braken, Nele Mentens, Jo Vliegen and Ingrid
Verbauhede,”Secure Remote Reconfiguration of FPGA”.
http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2010/2839.
[4]. Carlos Eduardo Pereira, David Cemin and Marcelo Gotz
(2012),” Reconfigurable Agents for Heterogeneous Wireless
Sensor Networks”, ISBN: 978-1-4673-5747-0.
[5]. T,Casstro,A and Riesgo (2007), ”A Reconfigurable
FPGA-Based Architecture For Modular Nodes In Wireless
Sensor Networks,” ISBN:1-4244-0606-4.
[6]. Florian Devi, Lionel Torres (2010),”Secure Protocol for
Remote Bitstream Update Preventing Replay Attacks on
FPGA”, International Conference On Field Programmable
Logic and Application.
[7]. Jia, Z, Liu, Xie, s (2012), ”Hardware reconfigurable
wireless sensor network node with power and area efficiency ”
[8]. Johann Glaser, Jan Haase, Markus Damm, “A Novel
Reconfigurable Architecture for Wireless Sensor Network
Nodes’’.
[9]. Run-feng Huan (ICAISE 2013),”Secure Mechanism for
Remote Updates of Reconfigurable Computing Platform”.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/secureremoteprotocolforfpgareconfiguration-160813075538/85/Secure-remote-protocol-for-fpga-reconfiguration-5-320.jpg)
Secure remote protocol for fpga reconfiguration
- 1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 407 SECURE REMOTE PROTOCOL FOR FPGA RECONFIGURATION G.Balasubramanian1 , N.Keerthana2 1 Assistant Professor, 2 PG Scholar, ECE Department, Arasu Engineering College, Kumbakonam-612 001 Abstract In most of the wireless sensor network nodes main functionality in software are implemented using CPU. Since total energy consumption of periodic measurement and network listening are considerably increased. In order to tackle this problem novel reconfigurable peripheral blocks are introduced into the WSN. For ultra-low-power sensor networks, finite state machines are used for simple tasks where the system’s microprocessor would be overqualified. This FSM unit autonomously handles simple sub-tasks of the periodic activities, Microprocessor to remain in a sleep state, thus saving energy. This work presents for implementing transition based reconfigurable FSM Keywords: - Finite State Machine (FSM), Reconfiguration, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). -----------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION Wireless sensor network development was motivated by military application such as battlefield surveillance. These networks are used in many industrial and consumer application, such as industrial process monitoring and machine health monitoring and so on. In this paper secure remote protocol has been proposed for FPGA Reconfiguration.. Reconfiguration platform has feature that allow easy reuse of the node in several application avoiding redesigning the system from scratch. The node includes an FPGA which is the core of the reconfigurable capabilities of the node. Reconfiguration area can be remotely or dynamically configured [7]. Previously microprocessor and microcontroller has been used [1] which consume more power. In order to reduce power consumption and to transmit the bit stream confidently we go for remote configuration. In high volume application most challenging trend is to reduce power. But it is difficult in sensor node, there are two ways to reduce power consumption (i) activity of node to a portion of time (ii) integrate most component into a single chip. Sensor node consists of multiple individual commercially available components waste lot of energy in voltage level adaptation [8]. In this paper serial communication protocol is used (Which transmit data one at a time). The paper outline is as follows. Section 2 presents Remote Configuration and their feature. Section 3 presents Reconfigurable architecture. Section 4 presents MD5 algorithm for data integrity check. Section 5 presents Transition based FSM. Section 6 presents Experimental setup. Section 7 presents security scheme. Section 8 presents simulation and result. Section 9 presents comparison table for power consumption. Section 10 presents conclusion and future work. 2. REMOTE CONFIGURATION Remote update for hardware system is enabled by Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this work, previous ideas [6, 9] are improved and implemented in order to achieve flexibility. Remote configuration has following feature: fix software bugs, adapt to changing user needs and environmental condition in which the network is deployed, shorten software development phase, make software robust, complete application replacement. 3. RECONFIGURABLE ARCHITECTURE 3.1 Need for Network Reconfiguration Node gets failed or low response time Signal strength seems to be quite weak Change the router configuration when number end device increase or decrease Add a new device with high secure. Generally there are two type of configuration (i)STATIC (The device is not active during reconfiguration process. While data is send into FPGA the rest of device is stopped and brought up after configuration complete) (ii)DYNAMIC (Active reconfiguration permit to change the part of the device while reset of an FPGA is still running). In this paper dynamic configuration is used. 3.2 Reconfigurable Architecture We introduce reconfigurable hardware block to Wireless Sensor Network. Which independently conduct simple sub- task instead of the CPU. Software can be modified by reprogramming the code memory; synthesized logic cores require a redesign of the chip.
- 2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 408 3.3 Proposed Block Diagram Reconfigurable unit ADC Controller UART controller Instruction decoder FSM Based CPU Configuration controller ZIGBEE Transceiver FPGA Fig 1: Hardware Implementation Block Diagram 3.3.1 Block Diagram Description ADC Controller Generate the start of conversion, clock signal to external ADC. This controller monitor the output enable signal from ADC. It will read the sensor data which is in hex format and convert the hex value into decimal and ASCII format. UART Controller UART Controller generate require baud rate for transmit the data (9600). Compress the sensor data and discard the redundant bits. UART arrange the sensor data into 10bit frame(8 bit data one start bit and stop bit) and shift the data in vitwise each 1/9600 clock period. FSM based CPU Generate control signal to UART controller and ADC controller. FSM read the opcode from instruction decoder and execute the task and monitor the reconfigurable unit for update the new bit stream. Configuration Controller This controller will read the bits stream from Zigbee transceiver. Decrypt the bit stream data, controller will verify the data integrity through MD5 algorithm and generate reconfiguration boot command to FPGA. 3.3.2 Feature of Proposed System Reconfigurability Central control unit can set the run-time parameter of the device and/or update/upgrade the firmware of the system over the air(OTA). Plug –N-Play Depending on the application needs/requirements, different infrastructure and their configuration can be deployed quickly. Self-Identification Necessary for high volume data collection system as multiple sensor/actuator may be read at one time. Self-Calibration The intelligent adaptive sensor can accurately measure data and self- calibrate without significant user intervention. Wireless Connectivity Provide bi-directional communication over a wireless connection. 4. MD5 ALGORITHM Previously MAC (message authentication code) value is calculated when making configure with remote update server. This security analysis the integrity and the confidentiality of the bitstream for remote updating process [3,6&9]. In this paper MD5 algorithm is used for data integrity. MD5 algorithm was developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest in 1991. According to RFC 1321, “MD5 message-digest algorithm takes as input a message of arbitrary length and produces as output a 128-bit "fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input …The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital signature applications, where a large file must be "compressed" in a secure manner before being encrypted with a private (secret) key under a public-key cryptosystem such as RSA”. Fig 2: MD5 Algorithm Structure
- 3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 409 5. TRANSITION BASED FSM Reconfigurable logic block are implemented usually as a FSM. We can implement any possible FSM for given input, output and state transition. Reconfiguration take place by writing appropriate content in RAM. For whole state transition large reconfigurable block are needed which are complex in order to reduce the complexity we construct reconfigurable block for each transition. [8]Transition instead of state function is known as transition based FSM. Transition based FSM is a two phase process. In first phase, necessary resource are specified. In second phase, transition based FSM implemented in embedded chip is configured. Transition based FSM consists of (i) State Register (ii) Input Switching Matrix (iii) State Selection Gate (iv) Input Pattern Gate (v) Next State. Fig 3: FSM CPU work mode 5.1 Data Forwarding The aggregator receives data from both the devices & CCU and forwards it to its in-tended recipients. Data from devices are marked with their specific device IDs at the aggregator and sent to CCU. Data from CCU is marked with device IDs and the aggregator extracts this information and forwards the data to the respective-device. Fig 4: Payload over wireless link Fig 5: Message Exchange Flowchart for Device Reconfiguration (OTA) 6. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Hardware implementation is realized with FPGA. FPGA are programmable digital logic chip, which means you can program them to do almost any digital function. Altera is the second FPGA heavyweight. Altera focus is on easy of use with an HDL software suite that has traditional been very good their silicon has a bit less feature their architecture is not open. Altera quartus is a programmable logic device software from altera. In this paper we are using quartus II software version 9.0. 6.1 ALTERA DE1 Board The DE1 (Development and Education) board has many features that allow the user to implement a wide range of designed circuits, from simple circuits to various multimedia projects. To provide maximum flexibility for the user, all connections are made through the Cyclone II FPGA device.
- 4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 410 Thus, the user can configure the FPGA to implement any system design. 6.2 Cyclone II FPGA Configuration There are two ways to configure the cyclone II FPGA (i) JTAG Programming (In this method of programming, named after the IEEE standards Joint Test Action Group, the configuration bit stream is downloaded directly into the Cyclone II FPGA. The FPGA will retain this configuration as long as power is applied to the board; the configuration is lost when the power is turned off.) (ii) AS Programming (In this method, called Active Serial programming, the configuration bit stream is downloaded into the Altera EPCS4 serial EEPROM chip. It provides non-volatile storage of the bit stream, so that the information is retained even when the power supply to the DE1 board is turned off. When the board's power is turned on, the configuration data in the EPCS4 device is automatically loaded into the Cyclone II FPGA). In this paper we are using AS Programming. 6.3 XILINX ISE VS ALTERA QUARTUS II Altera quartus II has better GUI(Graphical User Interface) than Xilinx, it provide better HDL support than Xilinx. 7. SECURITY In this reconfiguration security is provided using three different secure algorithms. Public key encryption-RSA algorithm- for secure key sharing between host and reconfigurable node. Private key encryption-AES algorithm- 12b bit AES encryption for both host and receiver reconfigurable node. HASH function-(MD5/CRC/SHA1)- for integrity check at reconfigurable node. 8. SIMULATION AND RESULT For simulation we are using Proteus(Design Software). Proteus is software for microprocessor simulation, schematic capture and printed circuit board. Here ATMEL(89S51) microcontroller is used. 89S51 is a 8bit CMOS Microcontroller. It has following Feature (i) 4 K bytes of Flash (ii) 32 i/o lines (iii) 128 bytes of RAM (iv) in system programmable flash and so on. Assembly language are used for developing program. Coding is synthesized using Keil Vision IDE. Simulation result are shown in figure. Figure shows two microcontrollers which can be remotely configured from host system. Fig 6: Simulation Module Fig 7: Simulation Output 9. COMPARISION Table 1: Power consumption by various devices S.NO DEVICE POWER CONSUMPTION(nJ) 1 MPSP430F1232 191.48 2 MPSP430F2232 222.63 3 MPSP430F5418 189.15 4 ATmega 225.90 5 FPGA 90 times less energy than MPSP430F5418 XTAL2 18 XTAL1 19 ALE 30 EA 31 PSEN 29 RST 9 P0.0/AD0 39 P0.1/AD1 38 P0.2/AD2 37 P0.3/AD3 36 P0.4/AD4 35 P0.5/AD5 34 P0.6/AD6 33 P0.7/AD7 32 P1.0 1 P1.1 2 P1.2 3 P1.3 4 P1.4 5 P1.5 6 P1.6 7 P1.7 8 P3.0/RXD 10 P3.1/TXD 11 P3.2/INT0 12 P3.3/INT1 13 P3.4/T0 14 P3.7/RD 17 P3.6/WR 16 P3.5/T1 15 P2.7/A15 28 P2.0/A8 21 P2.1/A9 22 P2.2/A10 23 P2.3/A11 24 P2.4/A12 25 P2.5/A13 26 P2.6/A14 27 U1 AT89C51 D7 14 D6 13 D5 12 D4 11 D3 10 D2 9 D1 8 D0 7 E 6 RW 5 RS 4 VSS 1 VDD 2 VEE 3 LCD1 LM016L +5vdc BUZ1 BUZZER D1 LED-RED RXD RTS TXD CTS HOST SYSTEM XTAL2 18 XTAL1 19 ALE 30 EA 31 PSEN 29 RST 9 P0.0/AD0 39 P0.1/AD1 38 P0.2/AD2 37 P0.3/AD3 36 P0.4/AD4 35 P0.5/AD5 34 P0.6/AD6 33 P0.7/AD7 32 P1.0 1 P1.1 2 P1.2 3 P1.3 4 P1.4 5 P1.5 6 P1.6 7 P1.7 8 P3.0/RXD 10 P3.1/TXD 11 P3.2/INT0 12 P3.3/INT1 13 P3.4/T0 14 P3.7/RD 17 P3.6/WR 16 P3.5/T1 15 P2.7/A15 28 P2.0/A8 21 P2.1/A9 22 P2.2/A10 23 P2.3/A11 24 P2.4/A12 25 P2.5/A13 26 P2.6/A14 27 U2 AT89C51 D7 14 D6 13 D5 12 D4 11 D3 10 D2 9 D1 8 D0 7 E 6 RW 5 RS 4 VSS 1 VDD 2 VEE 3 LCD2 LM016L +5vdc RL1 5V RST CLK CE (CLK) L1 12V +12VDC 0= NO PROGRAM 1= BUZZER PROGRAM 2=LED PROGRAM 3=RELAY PROGRAM 4=COUNTER PROGRAM RXD RTS TXD CTS RM MICROCONTROLLER 2 RXD RTS TXD CTS RM CONTROLLER 1 rm uC 2 rm uC 1
- 5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 411 10. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The optimization potential of the power consumption of a sensor interface for WSN node was depicted .The CPU with additional reconfigurable hardware blocks that take over simple tasks from the CPU to release it from frequent wake- ups. A novel reconfigurable block are introduced in to WSN that tackle the problem due to wakeup overhead and waiting periods the total energy consumption of periodic measurement and network listening. Future work include implementation of Transistion based Reconfigurable FSM(TR-FSM) and Hardware Performance Analysis. FSM are used for ultra low power sensor nodes. In this work reconfigurable Finite State Machines: Transition- based Reconfigurable FSM (TR-FSM) is used. A simple solution for reconfigurable FSM is the use of a RAM in read only mode. This architecture allows to implement any possible FSM with the given number of inputs, outputs and state signals and is reconfigurable by writing the appropriate RAM content. However, the size of the RAM grows exponentially with the number of inputs and state signals. On the other hand, the implemented FSM can have transitions from any state to any other. REFERENCES [1]. Ann Gordon-Ross, Alan D. George and Rafael Garcia (2009), “Exploiting Partially Reconfigurable FPGAs for Situation-Based Reconfiguration in Wireless Sensor Networks”, ISBN: 978-0-7695-3716-0. [2]. Andreas Engel, Andreas Koch and Bjorn Liebig (2012), “Energy- Efficient Hetrogenous Reconfigurable Sensor Node For Distributed Structural Health Monitoring”, E-ISBN : 978- 2-9539987-4-0. [3]. An Braken, Nele Mentens, Jo Vliegen and Ingrid Verbauhede,”Secure Remote Reconfiguration of FPGA”. http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2010/2839. [4]. Carlos Eduardo Pereira, David Cemin and Marcelo Gotz (2012),” Reconfigurable Agents for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks”, ISBN: 978-1-4673-5747-0. [5]. T,Casstro,A and Riesgo (2007), ”A Reconfigurable FPGA-Based Architecture For Modular Nodes In Wireless Sensor Networks,” ISBN:1-4244-0606-4. [6]. Florian Devi, Lionel Torres (2010),”Secure Protocol for Remote Bitstream Update Preventing Replay Attacks on FPGA”, International Conference On Field Programmable Logic and Application. [7]. Jia, Z, Liu, Xie, s (2012), ”Hardware reconfigurable wireless sensor network node with power and area efficiency ” [8]. Johann Glaser, Jan Haase, Markus Damm, “A Novel Reconfigurable Architecture for Wireless Sensor Network Nodes’’. [9]. Run-feng Huan (ICAISE 2013),”Secure Mechanism for Remote Updates of Reconfigurable Computing Platform”.