Selenium testing - Handle Elements in WebDriver

Test Web applicationsTest Web applications
using Seleniumusing Selenium
Design By :- Vibrant Technologies
& computers

OutlineOutline
• Uniqueness of web app testing
o Heterogonous system
o Dynamic pages
o Load
o Security
• Selenium WebDriver
• Course project 4

Web application architectureWeb application architecture
• Heterogeneous system
o Front end
• Browser: IE, Firefox,
Chrome, Safari…
o Server side
• Application Server
• Database Server
• File System
• ……

Heterogeneous systemHeterogeneous system
HTMHTM
JavaScrptJavaScrpt
Page in BrowserPage in Browser
Source behindSource behind

Uniqueness 1: Heterogeneous systemUniqueness 1: Heterogeneous system
• Server side
o Can be written in PHP, Java, C#...
o Communicate with Database server in SQL
PHP ScriptPHP Script
SQLSQL
HTMLHTML
SQLSQL
PHPPHP

Heterogeneous systemHeterogeneous system
• Should test all involved parts
o Everything can go wrong…
• However, only front end is accessible for tests
o Can not directly test the Server code and SQL
o Have to drive the execution and test
• Frontend
o HTML: Malformed HTML page? (demo)
o JavaScript: Runtime Errors? (demo)
• Server script
o PHP, Java…: Runtime Errors? (demo)
o SQL: Malformed SQL query string? (demo)

Test from the front endTest from the front end
• Good things
o Hide the complexity of the backend
o Uniformed interface
o Can put a robot in the front end and automate the tests
 Bad things
o The front end is not trustable
• Crafted malicious requests

Good things of testing from the front endGood things of testing from the front end
• Automated web app testing
o Compare to commend-line program testing…
• Sensitive to input values (the same)
• GUI testing: event driven (the difference)
o “Button A” then “Button B”  OK
o “Button B” then “Button A”  FAIL
o The robot should be able to
• Provide input values
• Simulate user actions
• Selenium
o A tool set automates web app testing across platforms
o Can simulate user interactions in browser
o Two components
• Selenium IDE
• Selenium WebDriver (aka. Selenium 2)

Selenium IDESelenium IDE
• Firefox extension
• Easy record and replay
• Debug and set breakpoints
• Save tests in HTML,
WebDriver and other
formats.

Selenium IDE test casesSelenium IDE test cases
• Selenium saves all information in an HTML table format
• Each record consists of:
o Command – tells Selenium what to do (e.g. “open”, “type”,
“click”, “verifyText”)
o Target – tells Selenium which HTML element a command refers to
(e.g. textbox, header, table)
o Value – used for any command that might need a value of some
kind (e.g. type something into a textbox)

How to record/replay with Selenium IDEHow to record/replay with Selenium IDE
1. Start recording in Selenium IDE
2. Execute scenario on running web application
3. Stop recording in Selenium IDE
4. Verify / Add assertions
5. Replay the test.
Selenium IDE Demo……

Bad things of testing from the front endBad things of testing from the front end
• The front end is not trustable
o Front end code can be accessed to anybody
o They can infer the input parameters
o Crafted requests!
• Demo
o Front end limits the length of the input values
o Front end limits the content of the input values
o Front end limits the combination of the input values

Uniqueness 2: Dynamic pagesUniqueness 2: Dynamic pages
• Client page is dynamic
o It can change itself in the runtime
o HTML can be modified by JavaScript
o JavaScript can modify itself
o Demo
• Server script is dynamic
o Client pages are constructed in the runtime
o A same server script can produce completely different client pages
o Demo
• SchoolMate

Uniqueness 3: PerformanceUniqueness 3: Performance
• Performance is crucial to the success of a web app
o Recall the experience to register for a class in the first days of the semester…
o Are the servers powerful enough?
• Performance testing evaluates system performance under normal and
heavy usage
o Load testing
• For expected concurrent number of users
o Stress testing
• To understand the upper limits of capacity
• Performance testing can be automated

Uniqueness 4: SecurityUniqueness 4: Security
• Web app usually deals with sensitive info, e.g.
o Credit card number
o SSN
o Billing / Shipping address
• Security is the biggest concern
• Security testing should simulate possible attacks

• SQL Injection
o The untrusted input is used to construct dynamic SQL queries.
o E.g, update my own password
$str = "UPDATE users SET password = ” “ . $_POST['newPass’] .
“” WHERE username =”“ . $_POST['username'] . “””;
mysql_query( $str );
$_POST['newPass’] = pass, $_POST['username'] = me
Query String: UPDATE users SET password = “pass” WHERE username =“me”
$_POST['newPass’] = pass, $_POST['username'] = “ OR 1=1 --
Query String: UPDATE users SET password = “pass” WHERE username =“” OR 1=1 --”
Normal CaseNormal Case
AttackAttack
PHP ScriptPHP Script

• Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
o The untrusted input is used to construct dynamic HTML pages.
o The malicious JS injected executes in victim’s browser
o The malicious JS can steal sensitive info
o Demo
• Solution: Never trust user inputs
• Design test cases to simulate attacks

Limitation of Selenium IDELimitation of Selenium IDE
• No multiple browsers support
o It runs only in Mozilla Firefox.
• No manual scripts
o E.g. conditions and Loops for Data Driven Testing
• Fancy test cases  Selenium WebDriver

Selenium WebDriver (Selenium 2)Selenium WebDriver (Selenium 2)
• Selenium-WebDriver
o A piece of program
o Control the browser by programming
o More flexible and powerful
• Selenium-WebDriver supports multiple browsers in multiple
platforms
o Google Chrome 12.0.712.0+
o Internet Explorer 6+
o Firefox 3.0+
o Opera 11.5+
o Android – 2.3+ for phones and tablets
o iOS 3+ for phones
o iOS 3.2+ for tablets

Selenium WebDriverSelenium WebDriver
• WebDriver is designed to providing a simpler and
uniformed programming interface
o Same WebDriver script runs for different platforms
• Support multiple programming language:
o Java, C#, Python, Ruby, PHP, Perl…
• It’s efficient
o WebDriver leverages each browser’s native support for automation.

What Selenium can doWhat Selenium can do
• A solution for the automated testing
o Simulate user actions
o Functional testing
• Create regression tests to verify functionality and user acceptance.
o Browser compatibility testing
• The same script can run on any Selenium platform
o Load testing
o Stress testing

How to use Selenium WebDriverHow to use Selenium WebDriver
(1) Go to a page
(2) Locate an element
(3) Do something with that element
......
(i) Locate an element
(i+1) Do something with that element
(i+2) Verify / Assert the result

DemoDemo: Verify page title: Verify page titlepublic static void main( String[] args )
{
// Create a new instance of the Firefox driver
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
// (1) Go to a page
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
// (2) Locate an element
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
// (3-1) Enter something to search for
element.sendKeys("Purdue Univeristy");
// (3-2) Now submit the form. WebDriver will find the form for us from the element
element.submit();
// (3-3) Wait up to 10 seconds for a condition
WebDriverWait waiting = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
waiting.until( ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated( By.id("pnnext") ) );
// (4) Check the title of the page
if( driver.getTitle().equals("purdue univeristy - Google Search") )
System.out.println("PASS");
else
System.err.println("FAIL");
//Close the browser
driver.quit();
}

How to locate an elementHow to locate an element
• By id
o HTML: <div id="coolestWidgetEvah">...</div>
o WebDriver:
driver.findElement( By.id("coolestWidgetEvah") );
• By name
o HTML: <input name="cheese" type="text"/>
o WebDriver: driver.findElement( By.name("cheese") );
• By Xpath
o HTML
<html>
<input type="text" name="example" />
<input type="text" name="other" />
</html>
o WebDriver: driver.findElements( By.xpath("//input") );
o There are plug-ins for firefox/chrome to automatically display the Xpath

Time issueTime issue
• There are delays between submitting a request and receiving the
response
• We can wait until the response page is loaded
• Robot doesn’t know!
• In WebDriver, sometimes it doesn’t work if
o Submit a request
o Verify the response immediately
• Solution:
o Simulate the wait. Wait until some HTML object appears
o Demo

OutlineOutline
• What to test for a web application
• Test web app with selenium
o What’s Selenium?
o Why Selenium?
o How to use Selenium
• Course project 4

Course Project 4Course Project 4
• Test a functionality
without the source
• The subject web
application
o “Add New Class” in
“SchoolMate”

• Part 1: overview
o Design test cases against the requirement
• The tests should consider
o all possible cases
o equivalence class partitioning
o Implement Selenium WebDriver Script for “Add new class”
Your testYour test
casescases
Your testYour test
casescases
Your WebDriverYour WebDriver
test templatetest template
inputinputinputinput outputoutputoutputoutput
TestTest
resultsresults
TestTest
resultsresults

Part 1: requirement analysisPart 1: requirement analysis
• Requirement for values
entered/selected
o [R-1] Class Name : alphabets
and numbers are allowed.
o [R-2] Section Number : only
numbers are allowed.
o [R-3] Room Number : only
o [R-4] Period Number : only
o [R-5] All textbox fields : no
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
injection vulnerabilities.

Part 1: requirement analysisPart 1: requirement analysis
• Requirement for the “add” function
• After clicking the “Add class” button…
o [R-6] The class record added is successfully shown in the table.
o [R-7] The values are exactly the same as those were entered or selected.

Part 1:Design testcasesPart 1:Design testcases
• For each requirement, design test cases
• Only need test one field in each case
o Do not need consider combinations of fileds
• E.g.
o [R-1] Class Name : alphabets and numbers are allowed.
o You need consider all possible cases
o Divide the test space and find the equivalence class
• Alphabets
• Numbers
• ….
• The test case format is defined
o Test cases will be used as input to your WebDriver Script

Part 1: Implement WebDriver ScriptPart 1: Implement WebDriver Script
• In WebDriver script, Simulate the user action
o Navigate to the subject page
o Enter values into textboxs based on input values
o Select options based on input values
o Click the “add class” button
o Check the result against the requirements
• Run all your test cases and report the results.

• Part 2: Pair wise testing
o Use an existing pair wise testing tool fire-eye
o Largely you may reuse the WebDriver template in
Part 1
Your testYour test
casescases
Your testYour test
casescases
inputinputinputinput outputoutputoutputoutput
TestTest
resultresult
TestTest
resultresult
Test casesTest cases
generatedgenerated
Test casesTest cases
generatedgenerated
ConvertConvertConvertConvert

Part 2: Generate test casesPart 2: Generate test cases
• Consider the combination of all textboxs/options
• Use the existing tool, fire-eye, to generate test cases
• Export the test case in “Nist form”
• Parse and convert the exported test cases to the form
that your WebDriver can accept
• Run all pair-wise test cases
• Report the result

Part 2: Solution designPart 2: Solution design
• Selenium can do more …
• Black Friday is coming, hot items can be sold in a few seconds
• Can you leverage the automated tool and design a practical solution to score a super
hot deal?
• Explain
o What’s the challenge
o What’s the possible cases to handle and how?
• In stock
• Out of stock
• Your shopping cart may be reset under what conditions…
o How to add it into your shopping cart asap
o How you are going to cooperate with the automated tool

ThankThank You !!!You !!!
For More Information click below link:
Follow Us on:
http://vibranttechnologies.co.in/selenium-classes-in-mu

Selenium testing - Handle Elements in WebDriver

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Selenium testing - Handle Elements in WebDriver (20)

More from Vibrant Technologies & Computers (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Selenium testing - Handle Elements in WebDriver