Smart parking documentation .pdf

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belgaum-590018
A PROJECT REPORT (15CSP85) ON
“SMART PARKING SYSTEM”
Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering
By
RAJ MANI M (1CR16CS124)
VAGISH V BHAT (1CR16CS174)
Under the Guidance of,
Ms . Navaneetha M
Assistant professor, Dept. of CSE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
#132, AECS LAYOUT, IT PARK ROAD, KUNDALAHALLI, BANGALORE-560037

ii
CMR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
#132, AECS LAYOUT, IT PARK ROAD, KUNDALAHALLI, BANGALORE-560037
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE
Certified that the project work entitled “ SMART PARKING SYSTEM ” carried out by Mr. RAJ MANI,
USN 1CR16CS124, Mr. VAGISH V BHAT , USN 1CR16CS174 , bonafide students of CMR Institute
of Technology, in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and
Engineering of the Visveswaraiah Technological University, Belgaum during the year 2019-2020. It is
certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
Report deposited in the departmental library.
The project report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Project work
prescribed for the said Degree.
________________
Ms Navaneetha M
Assoc Professor
Dept. of CSE, CMRIT
________________
Dr. Prem Kumar Ramesh
Professor & Head
Dept. of CSE, CMRIT
________________
Dr. Sanjay Jain
Principal
CMRIT
External Viva
Name of the examiners Signature with date
1. ________________
2. ________________

iii
DECLARATION
We, the students of Computer Science and Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore
declare that the work entitled " SMART PARKING SYSTEM " has been successfully completed
under the guidance of Asst Prof. Ms. Navaneetha M, Computer Science and Engineering
Department, CMR Institute of technology, Bangalore. This dissertation work is submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science and Engineering during the academic year 2019-2020. Further the matter embodied in the
project report has not been submitted previously by anybody for the award of any degree or
diploma to any university.
Place: Bengaluru
Date:
Team members:
RAJ MANI M (1CR16CS124)
VAGISH V BHAT (1CR16CS174)

iv
ABSTRACT
The project entitled SMART PARKING SYSTEM using Iot , the major motivation of this project is to
reduce the traffic congestion in roads, multi-storeyed buildings and malls due to unavailability of
parking spaces .The project displays the nearest empty slot if present with respect to user location. Our
project aims to make efficient use of parking spaces. We track vacant slots in the parking space and
assign that to the user. Smart parking system as described above can lead to an error-free ,reliable,
secure and fast management system. In recent times the concept of smart cities have gained great
popularity. Thanks to the evolution of the Internet of things the idea of smart city now seems to be
achievable. Consistent efforts are being made in the field of IoT in order to maximize the productivity
and reliability of urban infrastructure. Problems such as, traffic congestion, limited car parking
facilities and road safety are being addressed by IoT. The proposed Smart Parking system consists of
an on-site deployment of an IoT module that is used to monitor and signalize the state of availability
of each single parking space. A mobile application is also provided that allows an end user to check
the availability of parking space and book a parking slot accordingly. The paper also describes a high-
level view of the system architecture. Towards the end, the paper discusses the working of the system
in form of a use case that proves the correctness of the proposed model.

v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and respect to CMR Institute of
Technology, Bengaluru for providing me a platform to pursue my studies and carry out my final
year project
I have a great pleasure in expressing my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Sanjay Jain,
Principal, CMRIT, Bangalore, for his constant encouragement.
I would like to thank Dr.Prem Kumar Ramesh, HOD, Department of Computer Science
and Engineering, CMRIT, Bangalore, who has been a constant support and encouragement
throughout the course of this project.
I consider it a privilege and honor to express my sincere gratitude to my guide
Ms. Navaneetha M, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, for
the valuable guidance throughout the tenure of this review.
I also extend my thanks to all the faculty of Computer Science and Engineering who
directly or indirectly encouraged me.
Finally, I would like to thank my parents and friends for all their moral support they have
given me during the completion of this work

TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
Page No.
Certificate ii
Declaration iii
Abstract iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of contents vi
List of Figures viii
List of Tables ix
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Relevance of the project
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Objective
1.4 Scope of the project
1.5 Methodology
1
2
2
2
3
3
2.LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Technical and research papers
5-12
5
3. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
3.1 Functional Requirements
3.2 Non-Functional Requirements
3.3 Hardware Specifications
3.4 Software Specifications
13-14
13
13
14
14
4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
4.1 Node Mcu
4.2 16*2 LCD Display
15-17
15
15

TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
4.3 IR Sensors
4.4 System Architecture
16
17
5. IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Flowchart of the system
5.2 Design of the system
18-20
18
19
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.1 Initial Setup
6.2 Parking a vehicle
6.3 Unparking a vehicle
6.4 No available parking slots
21-23
21
21
22
23
7. TESTING 24-29
8. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 30
REFERENCES 31

LIST OF FIGURES
viii
Figures Page No.
Fig 1.1 Block Diagram of Smart Parking System 1
Fig 2.1 Entity relationship diagram of smart parking 6
Fig 2.2 Network architecture of proposed system 7
Fig 2.3 Block diagram of parking system 8
Fig 2.4 Flow chart of smart parking system 10
Fig 2.5 Proposed system architecture 12
Fig 4.1 Node Mcu Module 15
Fig 4.2 16*2 Display 16
Fig 4.3 IR Sensor 16
Fig 4.4 Circuit Diagram 17
Fig 5.1 Flowchart of the system 18
Fig 5.2 Experimental setup 19
Fig 6.1 Shows both parking slot empty 21
Fig 6.2 When one parking slot is filled 22
Fig 6.3 Unparking vehicle 22
Fig 6.4 When there are no empty slots 23
Fig 7.1 Shows both parking slot empty on model 24
Fig 7.2 App view of the parking system 25
Fig 7.3 Case of one parking slot filled in the model 25
Fig 7.4 Shows the app view of vacant and filled spot 26
Fig 7.5 User unparking his vehicle from the slot 27
Fig 7.6 Application view of unparking 27
Fig 7.7 Updating the count of vacant spot and filled spot 28
Fig 7.8 Message on app indicating no parking slot is available 29

LIST OF TABLES
ix
Page No.
Table 2.1 Summary of the approaches 12

Smart parking documentation .pdf

SMART PARKING SYSTEM
Dept of CSE, CMRIT 2019-2020 Page 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The project entitled smart parking system is to manage all the parking facilities to an
user. The recent growth in economy and due to the availability of low price cars in the
market, an every average middle-class individual can afford a car, which is good thing,
however the consequences of heavy traffic jams, pollution, less availability of roads
and spot to drive the motor car. One of the important concerns, which is to be taken in
accounting, is the problem of parking those vehicles .Though, if there is space for
parking the vehicle but so much time is squandered in finding that exact parking slot
resulting in more fuel intake and not also environment friendly. It will be a great deal
if in some way we find out that the parking itself can provide the precise vacant position
of a parking slot then it'll be helpful not limited to the drivers also for the environment
. Initially when the user is about to enter the location the LCD displays the number of
empty and filled spots and when the user is with its vehicle near to the parking detect
sensor ,he/she would be thrown with a notification on their mobile app of the parking
slot number ,where they should park there vehicle.
1.1 Relevance of the project
The main important benefit of a smart parking system is its advanced technology. It
follows the latest technologies and concepts to assure profitable outcomes . The design
and implementation of smart parking is very easy to supervise and manage. This system
can be easily handled by the staff members because of its well organized structure.

Fig 1.1 Shows the block diagram of smart parking
system
1.2 Problem Statement
In recent research in metropolitan cities the parking management problem can be
viewed from various angles such as high vehicle density on roads. This results in
annoying issues for the drivers to park their vehicles as it is very difficult to find a
parking slot.
The drivers usually waste time and effort in finding parking space and end up parking
their vehicles finding a space on the street which further leads to space congestion. In
worst case, people fail to find any parking space especially during peak hours and
festive season.
1.3 Objective
Smart Parking involves the use of low cost sensors, real-time data and applications that
allow users to monitor available and unavailable parking spots. The goal is to automate
and decrease time spent manually searching for the optimal parking floor, spot and
even lot. Some solutions will encompass a complete suite of services such as online
payments, parking time notifications and even car searching functionalities for very
large lots. A parking solution can greatly benefit both the user and the lot owner.
Optimized parking – Users find the best spot available, saving time, resources and
effort. The parking lot fills up efficiently and space can be utilized properly by
commercial and corporate entities.
Reduced traffic – Traffic flow increases as fewer cars are required to drive around in
search of an open parking space.
Reduced pollution – Searching for parking burns around one million barrels of oil a
day. An optimal parking solution will significantly decrease driving time, thus lowering
the amount of daily vehicle emissions and ultimately reducing the global environmental

footprint.
Increased Safety – Parking lot employees and security guards contain real-time lot
data that can help prevent parking violations and suspicious activity. License plate
recognition cameras can gather pertinent footage. Also, decreased spot-searching
traffic on the streets can reduce accidents caused by the distraction of searching for
parking.
Decreased Management Costs – More automation and less manual activity saves on
labor cost and resource exhaustion.
Enhanced User Experience – A smart parking solution will integrate the entire user
experience into a unified action. Driver’s payment, spot identification, location search
and time notifications all seamlessly become part of the destination arrival process.
1.4 Scope of the project
At present some countries have portals which users can gain information about parking
areas via the internet. This system can give users the information about parking space,
but it won’t be able to give which parking slot is vacant and occupied. Hence, such a
system cannot smartly handle the issue. Car lifts along with an automated robotic
system, which automatically takes the car to a particular parking spot as soon as the car
enters on a platform. This system cannot be installed by medium scale shopping malls,
movie theatres as it can cost them a huge amount. At many public places, the system
only shows the availability but it cannot show the exact slot and path to the slot
available. Hence, there is the need to smartly find the path to the vacant spot.
1.5 Methodology
In this project we are using NodeMCU, IR sensors, and servo motors. One IR sensor is
used at entry and exit gate to detect the car while two IR sensors are used to detect the
parking slot availability. Servo motors are used to open and close the gates according

to the sensor value. NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform .It includes firmware
which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware, which
is based on the ESP-12 module. The term “NodeMCU” by default refers to the
firmware rather than the dev kits. The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. The
ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi enabled microchip with full TCP/IP stack and
microcontroller capability. NodeMCU includes CPU core, faster Wi-Fi, more GPIOs,
and supports Bluetooth 4.2, and low power Bluetooth. The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-
Fi enabled microchip with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability. NodeMCU
includes CPU core, faster Wi-Fi, more GPIOs, and supports Bluetooth 4.2, and low
power Bluetooth. As soon as the IR sensors get the presence of a car in front of the
entrance, it will send signal to the NodeMCU to check if there is an empty slot inside
the parking lot. When NodeMCU acknowledges that there is an empty slot or more
then it will send a signal to the dc servo motor which will open the main entrance. On
the other hand if an NodeMCU encounters no empty slots at the time of a car trying to
make an entrance, the gate will just not open. In addition, there will be a website linked
with the NodeMCU board to show the number of parking.
The idea behind our methodology is very simple , usually users spend most of their
time in looking for an empty slot where they can park their vehicle which increases fuel
consumption and time wastage. We came-up with a new method where we provide the
user an empty slot number where he can park his vehicle without wasting his time for
finding one . Similarly we try to display the start time and end time so that the user can
know for what amount of time he has parked his vehicle.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] Developing a Smart Parking Management System Using the Internet of
Things
Searching for parking wastes significant amounts of time and effort and leads to
substantial financial costs. This is particularly the case for people who are always
pressured to be on time. Smart cities employ all kinds of modern technologies to
manage and enhance resources effectively. Urban parking facilities are one of the
essential assets that must be managed. We developed a smart parking management
system (SPMS) as a modern solution to manage parking and save users time, effort and
cost. In the context of today’s modern life, it has become necessary to improve search
methods for available parking and minimize the congestion that occurs at the parking
entrance. Searching or booking available parking online earlier is a better substitute
than searching at a parking lot where there is a possibility of not being able to find
parking. Our smart parking management system was developed to:
• Manage parking and solve problems efficiently using technology
• Apply technical solutions to improve the smart cities concept
The proposed system uses a variety of technologies that help manage parking. It
provides essential services for users, including searching for parking, reservations and
payment. It is extended to cover more advanced services such as receiving
notifications, statistics and monitoring the parking state. The system is connected to

sensors to detect occupancy and an automatic number plate recognition (ANPR)
camera to control access. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows.
Fig 2.1 Entity Relationship Diagram of Smart Parking System
[2] An IoT-based E-Parking System for Smart Cities
The huge proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road along with
mismanagement of the available parking space has created parking related problems
as well as increased the traffic congestion in urban areas. Thus, it is required to develop
an automated smart parking management system that would not only help a driver to
locate a suitable parking space for his/her vehicle, but also it would reduce fuel
consumption as well as air pollution. It has been found that a drivers search for a
suitable parking facility takes almost 15 minutes which increases the fuel consumption
by the vehicle, traffic congestion and air pollution. A significant amount of research

works exist in the area of design and development of smart parking system. Various
features of smart parking system are listed below.
• Inquiry on availability of parking space and reservation of parking lot
• Real-time parking navigation and route guidance
• Vehicle occupancy detection and management of parking lots .
Most of the smart parking systems (SPS) proposed in literature over the past few years
provides solution to the design of parking availability information system, parking
reservation system, occupancy detection and management of parking lot, real-time
navigation within the parking facility etc. However, very few works have paid attention
to the real time detection of improper parking and automatic collection of parking
charges. Thus, this paper presents an internet-of thing (IoT) based E-parking system
that employs an integrated component called parking meter (PM) to address the
following issues.
• Real-time detection of improper parking
• Estimation of each vehicles duration of parking lot usage
• Automatic collection of parking charges
The E-parking system proposed in this paper also provides city-wide smart parking
management solution via providing parking facility availability information and
parking lot reservation system and it is named as parking meter (PM) based E-parking
(PM-EP).

Fig 2.2 Network Architecture of proposed System
[3] Smart Parking based System for smarter cities
India is getting motorized i.e. the rate of private vehicles is more as compared to public
transports. As the rate of people owning their vehicles increases ,the need of parking
slots to park vehicles also increases. But currently the scenario is that there are not
sufficient parking slots available or there is also possibility that people are not now
aware about the legal parking slots available in their locality. This situation leads to the
unnecessary crowding of vehicles on the road and also results in inconveniency of
people walking on the road. To overcome above problems, We are proposing the
solution in the form of a multilingual android application which will be helpful for the
people to find their parking slots digitally. By digitally we mean that this particular
system will assign the parking slot based on the current location of the user and the
parking slot which the user wants according to his/her ease. Ease in terms of finding
the exact slot. The payments can be done digitally or through vending machines. The
end user can register and login with his/her account which will help the system to find
the location and displaying the nearest parking area and nearest parking slot ,whether
it is available or not. If not then it will direct user to the next nearest slot and so on.

The existing system comprises of both traditional and application based approach for
parking. If we talk about the traditional approach it utilizes manual method of parking
i.e user has to find the spot for parking by traveling to far distances and paying extra
money. An application based approach consist of the applications which provides the
parking slots for the particular locality for example .The application named ‘Parking
Panda ’ provides the parking slots to the areas like stadium, sports leagues etc.
Fig 2.3 Block Diagram of parking system
[4] SMART PARKING SYSTEM TO REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Transportation is the key-success for any of the country. Now a day, many people have
options to use their own vehicle for travelling. This will surely increase the demand in
trading but one of the problems created by road traffic is "parking". To park all these
vehicles in the major metro cities is quite tedious and difficult task and it became
problematic to park vehicles. Lot of research and development is being done all over
the world to implement better and smarter parking management mechanisms. The
current smart parking systems or Wireless Sensors Network Parking requires the
combination of wireless sensor networks module, Embedded web-server, Central Web-
Server. Sensor networks make use of Infrared (IR) Sensor nodes to check the parking
slot state and send this information to embedded web-server. It thereby displays the
information on a LED screen with which the user can check for empty vehicle slots.
These systems not guide the users to reach to the parking lot. If the slot is not available

at that time than drivers will start searching for another parking zone so that this process
is time consuming and will increase the traffic congestion.
This paper proposes a Reservation-based Smart Parking System for avoiding the traffic
problems that provides the pre- booking of slots through the use of the mobile
application. This application is expected to provide an efficient and cost- effective
solution to the vehicle parking problems. Application must be installed in the user's
mobile. Unlike the existing system, our idea is to use client-server architecture where
client request for the reservation of slots and server responds with the slots which are
available at that time. Our system is that the user has an option to go for the parking
area according to his/her convenience. The advantage of this will greatly reduce the
time taken by the vehicle to search for a parking area. Advanced payment modules are
also included like e- wallet, debit card, credit card from which the user can pay. Penalty
will be added on late exit as well as an over use of the slot after user specified entry
and exit time .The refund will be given on cancelation of parking slot and early exit.
The supervisor is required to monitor the area.
Many of the vehicles parking facilities are unable to cope with the influx of vehicles
on roads and parking area. The current smart parking systems or Wireless Sensors
Network Parking requires the combination of wireless sensor networks module,
Embedded web-server, Central Web-Server. Sensor networks make use of Infrared (IR)
Sensor nodes to check the parking slot state and send this information to embedded
web-server. It thereby displays the information on a LED screen with which the user
can check for empty vehicle slots . Also image capturing devices are used for
continuously clicking pictures of parking area to ensure empty slots which results in
high power consumption and also high maintenance cost is required . There are some
systems in the market like the smart parking services which are based on the wireless
sensor networks which uses wireless sensors to effectively find the available parking
space. But to use this system, additional hardware needs to be installed in the car which
is not feasible . Finding a parking slot in a congested city is very hard. In many cases
people go to a parking station and they find it full and there is no space available for

parking. Then in search of parking space they have to again roam with their vehicle to
find available parking.
Fig 2.4 Flow chart of Smart Parking System
[5] An IoT-Based Intelligent System for Real-Time Parking Monitoring and
Automatic Billing
Today, the parking industry is being transformed by new technologies that are allowing
cities to reduce rates of congestion significantly. Sensor networks that sense vehicle
occupancy are providing the basic intelligence behind smart parking systems. Thanks
to the Smart Parking technology, it is now possible to know in real-time the location of
free parking spaces and to help drivers to get to their ultimate destination. A variety
type of vehicle detectors has been used in parking information acquisition. These
vehicle detectors mainly include the inductive loop , acoustic sensor , infrared sensor ,
or ultrasonic sensor . System using video camera sensor technologies have been

proposed to collect the information in vehicle parking field. However, a video camera
sensor is vulnerable to bad weather and night time operation. Furthermore, it is
expensive, and can generate a large amount of data that can be difficult to transmit in a
wireless network. The magneto-resistive based detection systems combined with a
wireless area network are the most popular technique due to their high accuracy. Yet,
this type of sensor is facing different issues, i.e. it can be bedeviled by electromagnetic
interference, which affects the accuracy , the reading from sensor needs to be collected
constantly which will result in wearing out the battery . To extend the battery lifetime
and increase the vehicle detection accuracy, a parking sensor system has been
proposed. While power management technique has been implemented to optimize
energy consumption, high occupancy monitoring accuracy is achieved using two-fold
sensing approach. It is a sequence of darkness and Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)
measurement based techniques. The wireless sensors are still intrusive, they are
embedded in the pavement, or taped to the surface of each individual parking lot.
Existing sensors, such as ground based parking sensors costs up to $200 per parking lot
. As consequence, smart-parking technology using wireless sensors for outdoor parking
is costly due to the large number of sensors units required to cover the entire parking
lot . Although, parking occupancy monitoring systems have made a significant
progress, smart parking payment is rarely studied in smart parking research . Yet, there
are companies working on the patents of parking systems for payments. A first
approach consists in using a camera or an RFID transceiver for vehicle detection and
identification . A limitation of this solution lies in that the system is complex and its
implementation is expensive when a detection device is installed on each parking lot.
Furthermore, when only RFID transceiver is used for vehicle detection and
identification, the system can be bedeviled by electromagnetic interference, which
affects the accuracy. Moreover, this system is designed to detect a vehicle when
entering a parking and seek payment, whereas information on vacant parking lots is not
provided. A technique for monitoring vehicle parking using one camera to record the
entrance of a vehicle and a second camera to record the vehicle leaving the parking has
been proposed . Moreover, in a system and method for obtaining and displaying
information on vacant parking space is described. When a user occupies a parking space

designated with an individual ID, he enters this ID into a parking meter or via a smart
phone mobile app., and pays the parking fees. The database processes the received data
and changes the status of the parking space with its ID from unpaid to paid. These data
are used as information on the occupation of a parking space. In this paper, we propose
a smart sensor system allowing outdoor parking monitoring and payment without
requiring any user/driver interaction. It will be deployed without having to install new
components on each parking lot. The proposed sensor has benefits in terms of detection
and payment reliability, and reduced expense by reducing the system complexity and
installation, and extending batteries lifetime through the reduction of the system power
consumption.
Fig. 2.5. Proposed system architecture; wireless occupancy sensor; wireless gateway;
data storage and processing unit.
Table 2.1 Summary of the Approaches
Approaches
It deals with saving financial cost by
developing the system in the most
efficient manner .
Keeps a count on number of
vacant spots and prior
booking.
Real time monitoring vehicle
occupancy
Displays appropriate message
Android app for providing all parking Specifying every minute

details to the user. information to the user using
android application .
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
3.1 Functional Requirement
Functional Requirement defines a function of a software system and how the system
must behave when presented with specific inputs/or conditions. These may include
calculations, data manipulation and processing and other specific functionality. In these
systems following are the functional requirements
• The application should not display in-appropriate message for valid
conditions.
• The application must not stop working when kept running for even a long
time.
• The application should process information for any kind of input case.
• The application should generate the output for a given input test case .
3.2 Non-Functional Requirement
Non-functional requirements are the requirements which are not directly concerned
with the specific function delivered by the system. They specify the criteria that can be
used to judge the operation of a system rather than specific behaviours.
Given below are the non-functional requirements:
• Product requirements
• Organizational requirements
• Basic operational requirements

3.3 Hardware Specifications
• ENODE MCU (ESP8266)
• JUMPER WIRES
• INFRARED SENSORS
• 16*2 LED DISPLAY
• DC MOTOR
3.4 Software Specification
• ARDUINO IDE

CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
4.1 Node Mcu
The NodeMCU as shown in Fig 4.1has assimilated TCP/IP protocol that can give any
microcontroller entrance to the Wi-Fi network that supports 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi (802.11
Wi-Fi standards).
NodeMCU is capable of either connecting to an existing wireless connection or hosting
an application over http protocol. Each Node MCU module comes pre-programmed
with an AT command set firmware which means one can simply link this up to your
Raspberry Pi device and get about like Wi-Fi shield.
The reason why we use node mcu is that it is more cost-efficient with respect to Arduino
uno , in Arduino we have to use ethernet shield which provides us secure ethernet
connectivity whereas all these features are provided by node mcu and it also comes
with a updated feature of wi-fi , where you can power or connect your system by Wi-
Fi .

Fig. 4.1. Node MCU Module
4.2 16*2 LCD Display
An LCD is an electronic display module which uses liquid crystal to produce a visible
image. The 16×2 LCD display is a very basic module commonly used in DIY’s and
circuits. The 16×2 translates o a display 16 characters per line in 2 such lines. In this
LCD each character is displayed in a 5×7 pixel matrix. The 16*2 display is used to
display the number of vacant and spilled spot . It also gets updated on the display
LCD when a vehicle parks or unparks the vehicle .

Fig 4.2 16*2 LCD DISPLAY
4.3 IR sensor
An infrared (IR) sensor is an electronic device that measures and detects infrared
radiation in its surrounding environment. Infrared radiation was accidentally
discovered by an astronomer named William Herchel in 1800. While measuring the
temperature of each color of light (separated by a prism), he noticed that the
temperature just beyond the red light was highest. IR is invisible to the human eye, as
its wavelength is longer than that of visible light (though it is still on the same
electromagnetic spectrum). Anything that emits heat (everything that has a temperature
above around five degrees Kelvin) gives off infrared radiation.
We are using three IR detect sensor in our project , one IR detect sensor is used to
sense the vehicle near the parking sensor and other two IR detect sensor is used to send
data to the node mcu which is the brain of our system whether a vehicle is parked in
that slot or is unparked .
Fig 4.3 IR sensor
4.4 System Architecture
The below diagram shows the pin diagram of our model. It consists of one node mcu ,
one dc motor , one 16*2 LCD display and three IR sensors .The node mcu is the brain
of our system which powers all the other devices .The 16*2 LCD display is powered
by node mcu by connecting jumper wires from the display to node mcu . The DC motor

is also powered by node mcu with connecting its pins to node mcu. The IR sensor
consists of three pins, where two pins refer to the power supply and ground and the
other pins refer to the pin which is going to be connected in the Node mcu.
On successfully connecting all the components in the given figure now we have to
connect the blynk app. While using the blynk app we have to specify the widgets used
in our android app and the pin number to which they are connected to node mcu in the
actual model so that the mobile app will react exactly to the inputs provided in the
model .
Fig 4.4 Circuit Diagram

CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Flowchart of the System
Fig 5.1 Flow Chart of the System
Below are the steps that a driver needs to follow in order to park its car using our
parking system.

Step 1: Install the smart parking application on your mobile device.
Step 2: On the 16*2 display the number of vacant and filled spots are displayed so that
the user can see the status of parking zone.
Step 3: Once the user logs into the app he would see the parking architecture with the
cars filled at which position and positions which are empty .
Step 4: When the user is near to the parking IR detect sensor , he would receive a
notification on his app on which slot he can park his vehicle if there is a empty slot.
Step 5: If there is no empty slot the user will be displayed with an appropriate message
on the mobile application .
Step 6: On availability of parking area and user parking into the respective slot he/she
would receive a message which states the start time of the parking and the slot in which
he/she has parked.
Step 7: On successfully un-parking your vehicle from the parking slot the user will
receive a message which states the start time and end time of his parking time and an
amount which he needs to pay for the parking duration.
5.2 Design of the System
The picture shows the miniature model of the Automated Car Parking Lot.

Fig 5.2 Experimental Setup
This model has the capacity of containing two cars. There are two sensors at the
entrance to detect the presence of a car before going inside or outside of the parking
lot. The other two sensors are plotted inside the parking lot to detect the car individually
for each parking slot. A DC Servo motor has been used at the entrance to open and
close the gate according to the signals sent by the sensors through Arduino.
The projection on the screen corresponds to the system model parking slots. This is a
real time display regarding the status of the parking lot. As this is a web-based
representation, anyone will be able to get the status of the parking lot by visiting the
website on the URL through their cell phones, laptops, desktops and other internet
supporting devices. The model of the parking lot has two parking slots. Thus, we can
park a maximum number of two cars through the system.
We have used two IR sensors which when vehicle parked will show appropriate
message to the user and when all the parking slots the dc motor would not open gate
for the vehicle to be parked. Displaying of appropriate message for any action which
takes place in the parking zone is done effectively and efficiently .

Network Time protocol :-
The Network Time Protocol is a networking protocol for clock synchronization
between computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. We
have used NTP for fetching time from the NTP server so that we can show the start
time and end time for the user when he parks or unparks his vehicle making information
real-time.
Blynk app:-
Blynk app is a hardware-agnostic IoT platform with white label mobile apps, private
cloud ,device management, data analytics and machine learning .On using the blynk
app we tried to pop notification to every possible event that is occurring in the parking
zone .
Used a serial algorithm to display the slot number to the user who is going to park his
vehicle .For example we display the empty slot number in a serial manner which gets
filled , if the slot 1 is filled and when an another vehicle turns up we display slot 2 and
further like these for all other vehicles , and if any vehicle leaves the slot number then
we display the earlies slot number , not making the user to travel long if an initial spot
is vacant .
CHAPTER 6
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
6.1 Initial Setup

● The below diagram shows the initial case of the system when we turn on our
project ,which indicates the number of vacant and filled spots on a 16*2 display
LCD and similarly on the Blynk app.
Fig 6.1 Shows both parking slot empty
6.2 Parking a vehicle
● The below diagram shows the status of the parking zone when a single vehicle is
parked in the parking zone. Once when the user enters the parking detect sensor he
would receive a parking slot number on his mobile application which he is supposed
to park his vehicle. Upon parking the vehicle in the respective slot and IR sensor
successfully detecting the vehicle it would show a notification on the app the start
time of the vehicle and the slot number in which the vehicle is parked and it would
be similarly updated on the 16*2 display .

Fig 6.2 When one parking spot is filled
6.3 Unparking a vehicle
● Unparking your vehicle from the parking slot would pop a notification on the
application app stating the start time and the end time the user has parked his vehicle
in the parking slot and an small amount which the user needs to pay when he leaves
the parking zone which is fixed for any duration .

Fig 6.3 Unparking Vehicle
6.4 No available parking slots
● In a situation when all the slots are filled and a new vehicle comes near to the
vehicle detecting sensor ,the below message is popped on the user screen which
displays that there are no parking slots available and the user can move his parking
vehicle away from the parking zone .

Fig 6.4 When there are no empty slots

CHAPTER 7
TESTING
Different cases have been explained and showed through the pictures in the following
sections. All those two pictures correspond to each other while occurring at an event.
Case One
This case shows that all the parking slots are empty and therefore, the system will allow
a car to enter into the parking zone . The 16*2 LCD will display the number of vacant
spot and filled spot and similarly it would be displayed on the application.
Fig 7.1 Shows both parking slot empty on the model

Fig 7.2 App view of the parking system
Case Two
This following case focuses on showing a slot number when the user is near to the
parking detect sensor. It shows a parking slot number where the user should park his
vehicle and upon parking it shows the start time of his parking.

Fig 7.3 Case of one parking slot filled on the model
Fig 7.4 Shows the app view of vacant and filled spot
Case Three
This following case shows the app view and the model view when one slot is filled and
an another vehicle turns up to the vehicle detect sensor . The DC motor then opens the
gate for the user ,and at that point of time the user receives a message specifying in
which slot he can park his vehicle . On successfully parking his vehicle in the slot he
would receive a notification stating his start time of parking and the respective slot
number in which he has parked his vehicle .

Case Four
This following case shows about unparking details where an user when unparks his
vehicle from the parking slot he would be displayed with an appropriate message
consisting of start time and end time of his parking. The user would be simultaneously
allowed to pay a small amount which will be displayed on the application . On
successfully unparking his vehicle the same would be updated in the count of 16*2
display

Fig 7.5 User unparking his vehicle from the slot

Fig 7.6 Application view of unparking .
Fig 7.7 Updating the count of vacant and filled spot
and displaying it .
Case Five
In this case we would display a message stating that there are no more empty slots
present in the parking zone .This message pop out when all the parking slots are filled
and when a new vehicle turns up to the parking detect sensor requesting for an slot.
Further the DC motor does not open the gates which makes it more sensible that there
are no more parking slots available and the maintenance people should not upload
any sign board indicating parking slots full . Saving human work in a efficient
manner .

Fig 7.8 Message on app indicating no parking slots available

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
The concept of Smart Cities has always been a dream for humanity. Since the past
couple of years ago large advancements have been made in making smart cities a
reality.
The growth of Internet of Things and Cloud technologies have given rise to new
possibilities in terms of smart cities. Smart parking facilities and traffic management
systems have always been at the core of constructing smart cities. In this project, we
address the issue of parking and present an IoT based Cloud integrated smart parking
system. The system that we propose provides real time information regarding
availability of parking slots in a parking area. Users from remote locations could book
a parking slot for them by the use of our mobile application.
The efforts made in this project are intended to improve the parking facilities of a city
and thereby aiming to enhance the quality of life of its people.
8.1 Future work
● The future of smart parking systems is expected to be significantly influenced
by the arrival of automated vehicles(AVs).
● Several cities around the world are already beginning to trial self -parking
vehicles ,specialized AV parking lots and robotics parking valets.
● This project can be enhanced for tracking vehicle speed on the roads.
● Developing a smart parking solution within a city solves pollution problem .
● Addition of Machine learning to store various other information of the vehicle
like its color, design and number which would further add security.

REFERENCES
[1] Abdul Ahad, Zishan Raza Khan, Syed Aqeel Ahmad,“Intelligent Parking System”
Scientific Research Publishing, Vol.4,No.2, pp. 160-167, May 2016.
[2] Dr Y Raghavender Rao,” Automatic Smart Parking System using Internet of Things
(IOT)” International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and
Research,Vol.4,No.5,pp.225-258,May 2017
[3] Suprit Atul Gandhi, Hasan Mohammad Shahid,” Smart Parking System”
[4] Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology, Vol.4,No.1,May 2017Benson, J.P.,
T. O'Donovan, P. O'Sullivan, U. Roedig and C. Sreenan et al.,”Car park management
using wireless sensor networks”, Proceedings of the 31st Conference on Local
Computer Networks, Tampa, FL., USA., pp: 588-595 November 2006.
[5] Geng Y. and Cassandras C. G, “A new smart parking system based on optimal
resource allocation and reservations,” in Proc. IEEE Conf. Intell. Transp. Syst. pp. 979–
984, July 2011.
[6] M. M. Rashid, A. Musa, M. Ataur Rahman, and N. Farahana, A. Farhana,
“Automatic Parking Management System and Parking Fee Collection Based on
Number Plate Recognition.”, International Journal of Machine Learning and
Computing, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2012,Published 2014.
[7] Arduino.cc. (2018). Arduino - ArduinoMega2560. , retrieved date: 21Oct.2018,
online available at:https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoMega2560

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