String_Matching_algorithm String_Matching_algorithm .pptx

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The document discusses string matching algorithms. It describes the naive string matching algorithm which compares characters in a pattern to a text sequentially. It also describes the Rabin-Karp algorithm which compares hash values of substrings instead of the strings themselves. The document provides examples and pseudocode for the naive string matching algorithm. It analyzes the time complexity of the Rabin-Karp algorithm.

TEAM
DETAILS
• ANMOL KUMAR BHAGAT (A35404822058)
• AKASH KUMAR YADAV (A35404822062)
• KANHAIYA PRASAD SAHU (A35404822063)
• PRAWEEN KUMAR SAHU (A35404822061)

WHAT IS STRING MATCHING ?
• In computer science, String searching algorithms, sometimes called string matching
algorithms, that try to be find place where one or several string (also called pattern)
are found within a larger string or text.

EXAMPLE
A B C C A T D E F
SHIFT = 3
C A T
PATTERN MATCH
TEXT

STRING MATCHING ALGORITHM
• There are many types of String Matching Algorithm like:-
1. The Naive string-matching algorithm.
2. The Rabin-Karp algorithm.
3. String matching with finite automata
4. The Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm

NAÏVE STRING
MATCHING ALGORITHM
1. Initialization: Start at the beginning of the text and the beginning of the pattern.
2. Comparison: Compare each character of the pattern with the corresponding characters in the text, starting
from the current position.
3. Matching: If all characters in the pattern match the characters in the text starting from the current position,
then a match is found.
4. Move to Next Position: If a match is not found, move one character forward in the text and repeat steps 2 and
3 until the end of the text is reached.
5. Repeat: Keep repeating steps 2-4 until all occurrences of the pattern in the text are found.

EXAMPLE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
A K A N N A L A N A C A
TEXT
PATTERN A N N A
A K A N
K A N N
A N N A
NO MATCH FOUND AT POSITION 0
NO MATCH FOUND AT POSITION 1
MATCH FOUND AT POSITION 2

PSEUDO-CODE
• NaiveStringMatch(Text, Pattern):
• n = length(Text)
• m = length(Pattern)
• for i = 0 to n - m
• j = 0
• while j < m and Pattern[j] = Text[i + j]
• j = j + 1
• if j = m
• print "Pattern found at position", i

RABIN-KARP ALGORITHM
A string search algorithm which compares a string’s hash values, rather than the
strings themselves. For efficiency, the hash value of the next position in the text is
easily computed from the hash value of the current position.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Let text string be T of length N
• Pattern string be P of the length M
• Example
• T=“Hello World”; N=11;
• P=“llo”; M=3
H E L L O W O R L D
L L O

EXAMPLE
A B D A B C
tHash = Hash(“ABD”) = 1*3^0+2*3^2=43
pHash = Hash(“ABC”) = 1*3^0+2*3^1+3*3^2 = 34
tHash == pHash FALSE
A B D A B C
tHash = Hash(“DAB”) = 2*3^0+4*3^1+1*3^2 = 23
tHash = pHash FALSE

A B D A B C
A B D A B C
tHash = Hash(“DAB”) = 4*3^0+1*3^1+2*3^2 =25
tHash = pHash FALSE
tHash = Hash(“ABC”) = 1*3^0+2*3^1+3*3^2 = 34
tHash = pHash TRUE

INCASE OF HIT
A B D A B C
A B C
TEXT
:
PATTERN :
HERE PATTERN MATCHES THE
SUBSTRING SO INDEX NUMBER 3 IS RETURNED

HASH COLLISION
• Hash to two string match then it is called Hit
• There is possibility
• Hash of “abc” is 34
• Hash of “dga” is 34
• This is called Hash Collision
• Minimize Collision by
• Taking mod with prime number

ANALYSIS
• Hash of Pattern
• O(m)
• Best Running Time
• O(n-m+1)
• Average Running Time
• O(m+n)
• Worst Case Running Time
• m comparison in each iteration
• O(mn)

APPLICATION
• Keyword matching in large file
• Good for plagiarism detection
• Searching engines
• Database searching

String_Matching_algorithm String_Matching_algorithm .pptx

This document discusses string matching algorithms. It defines string matching as finding a pattern within a larger text or string. It then summarizes two common string matching algorithms: the naive algorithm and Rabin-Karp algorithm. The naive algorithm loops through all possible shifts of the pattern and directly compares characters. Rabin-Karp also shifts the pattern but compares hash values of substrings first before checking individual characters to reduce comparisons. The document provides examples of how each algorithm works on sample strings.

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String_Matching_algorithm String_Matching_algorithm .pptx

1. STRING MATCHING ALGORITM

2. TEAM DETAILS • ANMOL KUMAR BHAGAT (A35404822058) • AKASH KUMAR YADAV (A35404822062) • KANHAIYA PRASAD SAHU (A35404822063) • PRAWEEN KUMAR SAHU (A35404822061)

3. WHAT IS STRING MATCHING ? • In computer science, String searching algorithms, sometimes called string matching algorithms, that try to be find place where one or several string (also called pattern) are found within a larger string or text.

4. EXAMPLE A B C C A T D E F SHIFT = 3 C A T PATTERN MATCH TEXT

5. STRING MATCHING ALGORITHM • There are many types of String Matching Algorithm like:- 1. The Naive string-matching algorithm. 2. The Rabin-Karp algorithm. 3. String matching with finite automata 4. The Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm

6. NAÏVE STRING MATCHING ALGORITHM 1. Initialization: Start at the beginning of the text and the beginning of the pattern. 2. Comparison: Compare each character of the pattern with the corresponding characters in the text, starting from the current position. 3. Matching: If all characters in the pattern match the characters in the text starting from the current position, then a match is found. 4. Move to Next Position: If a match is not found, move one character forward in the text and repeat steps 2 and 3 until the end of the text is reached. 5. Repeat: Keep repeating steps 2-4 until all occurrences of the pattern in the text are found.

7. EXAMPLE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A K A N N A L A N A C A TEXT PATTERN A N N A A K A N K A N N A N N A NO MATCH FOUND AT POSITION 0 NO MATCH FOUND AT POSITION 1 MATCH FOUND AT POSITION 2

8. PSEUDO-CODE • NaiveStringMatch(Text, Pattern): • n = length(Text) • m = length(Pattern) • for i = 0 to n - m • j = 0 • while j < m and Pattern[j] = Text[i + j] • j = j + 1 • if j = m • print "Pattern found at position", i

9. RABIN-KARP ALGORITHM A string search algorithm which compares a string’s hash values, rather than the strings themselves. For efficiency, the hash value of the next position in the text is easily computed from the hash value of the current position.

10. PROBLEM STATEMENT • Let text string be T of length N • Pattern string be P of the length M • Example • T=“Hello World”; N=11; • P=“llo”; M=3 H E L L O W O R L D L L O

11. EXAMPLE A B D A B C tHash = Hash(“ABD”) = 1*3^0+2*3^2=43 pHash = Hash(“ABC”) = 1*3^0+2*3^1+3*3^2 = 34 tHash == pHash FALSE A B D A B C tHash = Hash(“DAB”) = 2*3^0+4*3^1+1*3^2 = 23 tHash = pHash FALSE

12. A B D A B C A B D A B C tHash = Hash(“DAB”) = 4*3^0+1*3^1+2*3^2 =25 tHash = pHash FALSE tHash = Hash(“ABC”) = 1*3^0+2*3^1+3*3^2 = 34 tHash = pHash TRUE

13. INCASE OF HIT A B D A B C A B C TEXT : PATTERN : HERE PATTERN MATCHES THE SUBSTRING SO INDEX NUMBER 3 IS RETURNED

14. HASH COLLISION • Hash to two string match then it is called Hit • There is possibility • Hash of “abc” is 34 • Hash of “dga” is 34 • This is called Hash Collision • Minimize Collision by • Taking mod with prime number

15. ANALYSIS • Hash of Pattern • O(m) • Best Running Time • O(n-m+1) • Average Running Time • O(m+n) • Worst Case Running Time • m comparison in each iteration • O(mn)

16. APPLICATION • Keyword matching in large file • Good for plagiarism detection • Searching engines • Database searching

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