Sub join a query optimization algorithm for flash-based database
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The document presents a novel query optimization algorithm called 'sub-join' specifically designed for flash-based databases, addressing the shortcomings of traditional join algorithms in relational database management systems (RDBMS). It emphasizes the advantages of flash memory, particularly its fast random read capabilities, and details the method and performance evaluation of the sub-join algorithm compared to conventional indexed nested-loop joins. Experimental results indicate that sub-join significantly enhances performance in flash memory environments.
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![Related works PAX Layout & RARE-join by Mehul A. Shah Fast scans and joins using flash drives [C]// Luo Q, Ross K A. Proceedings of 4th Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware. New York: ACM Press, 2008: 17-24. Subset by Daniel Myers MIT CSAIL Research Abstracts [EB/OL].2007[2009-7-19] On the Use of NAND Flash Memory in High-Performance Relational Databases[D]. Massachusetts:MIT,2008. DigestJoin by Yu Li DigestJoin: Exploiting Fast Random Reads for Flash-based Joins [C]// Lee W C, King C T, Pitoura E. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Data Management. TaiPei: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2009: 152-161.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/sub-joinaqueryoptimizationalgorithmforflash-baseddatabase-111102222845-phpapp01/85/Sub-join-a-query-optimization-algorithm-for-flash-based-database-6-320.jpg)
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Sub join a query optimization algorithm for flash-based database
- 1. Sub-Join: A Query Optimization Algorithm for Flash-based Database Zhichao Liang, Da Zhou, Xiaofeng Meng 2009-10-11
- 2. Outline Background Motivation Related works Our method : Sub-Join Performance Evaluation Summary
- 3. Two important characteristics of flash memory - faster data access (random read) - worse random write Background Read Write Erase Time 25 200 1.5
- 4. Motivation Read& Write Throughput (Mb/s) Time of join for Oracle Berkeley DB (s) HDD SSD Ratio Random Read 3.80 70.76 18.62 Sequential Read 37.45 73.08 1.95 Random Write 3.73 3.71 0.99 Sequential Write 37.69 68.52 1.82 HDD SSD Ratio Time 2.71 1.96 1.38
- 5. Motivation (cont.) Flash offers little or no benefit when used as a simple drop-in replacement for disk Traditional query processing algorithms for data analysis are tuned for disks They avoid random I/O operations but exploit sequential I/O operations whenever possible So, they fail to take advantage of the fast random reads of flash drives
- 6. Related works PAX Layout & RARE-join by Mehul A. Shah Fast scans and joins using flash drives [C]// Luo Q, Ross K A. Proceedings of 4th Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware. New York: ACM Press, 2008: 17-24. Subset by Daniel Myers MIT CSAIL Research Abstracts [EB/OL].2007[2009-7-19] On the Use of NAND Flash Memory in High-Performance Relational Databases[D]. Massachusetts:MIT,2008. DigestJoin by Yu Li DigestJoin: Exploiting Fast Random Reads for Flash-based Joins [C]// Lee W C, King C T, Pitoura E. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Data Management. TaiPei: IEEE Computer Society Press, 2009: 152-161.
- 7. Our method : Sub-Join The Framework of Sub-Join Algorithm Sub-Table Construct Sub-Table Join Data Call Back
- 8. Our method : Sub-Join (cont.) Sub-Table Construct: - less data volume to read lower read cost - more tuples in main memory less I/O operations Column-Stores in Sub-Table - avoid random write lower write cost - sequential read faster data access A_ID A_Join
- 9. Our method : Sub-Join (cont.) Sub-Table Join: - only join column is necessary reduce read column further more tuples in main memory less I/O operations
- 10. Our method : Sub-Join (cont.) Data Call Back - retrieve the data according their key fully make use of the fast random read
- 11. Our method : Sub-Join (cont.) Example Original Table Sub Table Join Table Results Table B_ID B_Join B_Other 1 6 aaaaa… 2 3 aaaaa… 3 3 aaaaa… 4 7 aaaaa… 5 5 aaaaa… 6 8 aaaaa… 7 3 aaaaa… 8 1 aaaaa… A_ID A_Join A_Other 1 6 aaaaa… 2 6 aaaaa… 3 3 aaaaa… 4 10 aaaaa… 5 5 aaaaa… 6 3 aaaaa… A_Join A_ID 3 3 3 6 5 5 6 1 6 2 10 4 B_Join B_ID 1 8 3 2 3 3 3 7 5 5 6 1 7 4 8 6 A_ID B_ID Join 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 7 3 6 2 3 6 3 3 6 7 3 5 5 5 1 1 6 2 1 6 Join Other 3 aaaaa… 3 aaaaa… 3 aaaaa… 3 aaaaa… 3 aaaaa… 3 aaaaa… 5 aaaaa… 6 aaaaa… 6 aaaaa…
- 12. Performance Evaluation Setup for Experiment -CPU: Intel Core 2 Pentium 4 Duo CPU 2.83GHz ， 2GB RAM -OS: Windows XP sp2 -SSD: Mtron SATA-3035-016, 16GB -Database: Oracle Berkeley DB Implementation -Index Nested-loop Join -Sub-Join
- 13. Performance Evaluation (cont.) Selectivity Selectivity=0.01,Record=2KB Selectivity=0.2,Record=2KB
- 14. Performance Evaluation (cont.) Cache size Cache=50MB,Record=2KB Cache=128KB,Record=2KB
- 15. Performance Evaluation (cont.) Record size Cache=1MB,Record=2KB Cache=1MB,Record=32KB
- 16. Summary We have discussed the defect of the join algorithm adopted in the traditional RDBMS from the perspective of flash memory We have proposed a novel query optimization algorithm for flash-based database : Sub-Join Experiments results show that Sub-Join outperforms traditional indexed nested-loop join
- 17. Q&A Thank you!
Editor's Notes
- #7: Mehul A. Shah 提出一种按列存储 (PAX Layout)[3] 的方式来提高连接的速度。传统的数据库主要采用行存储模式，即数据表根据元组按照行的方式进行存储。采用按列存储的方式，查询时只需要扫描进行连接操作的列，从而有效地减少了读入的数据量。虽然这个过程中需要比按行存储执行更多的随机读取操作，但是由于固态硬盘具有高速的随机读取速度，所以 PAX Layout 方法能够有效地提高在连接过程中对表的扫描速度。 Mehul A. Shah 同样提出一种 RARE-join (RAndom Read Efficient Join) 的连接算法。 RARE-join 首先对连接列构建索引，然后根据索引连接的结果去原表中读取数据，其中只与结果相关的列和行才被读取出来，从而有效地减少读取的数据。 RARE-join 充分利用了固态硬盘的随机读取性能提高了查询的性能。 Daniel Myers 提出采用 subset[4, 5] 的方法来提高查询中的外排序性能。传统的外排序算法将元组读入内存后进行排序，然后将排序后的所有元组的所有列全部写入存储设备。这个过程中非连接列的数据也会被多次写入到存储设备中。 Daniel Myers 针对固态硬盘的特性在外排序的中间结果写出上进行优化，只将连接列的数据写入到存储设备，从而有效地减少数据的写操作。在排序结束后，再从原始表中获取其它数据，完成最初的排序过程。在从原始表中获取其它数据时，需要进行大量的随机读，这刚好是固态硬盘的最大优点之一。 Daniel Myers 充分利用了固态硬盘的高速读性能和避免其低下的写性能，从而提高了外连接的效率。 在 Daniel Myers 的基础上， Yu Li 提出针对固态硬盘特点而优化的 DigestJoin 查询优化算法 [6] 。 DigestJoin 首先将两个进行查询连接的表进行抽取，获取连接列的 Digest 表，然后对 Digest 表进行嵌套循环连接。在得到连接结果后，采取基于查询图 (Join Graph) 的方法来读入连接查询中位于原始表的数据。基于查询图的方法能够有效地减少数据页的重复读，从而减少读的次数。此外， DigestJoin 采取页载入 (Page Loading) 方式来读入原始表的数据。页载入的方法在读取数据时同时将位于同一页的其它数据也读入内存。如果接下来刚好需要这些数据的话，就可以减少读入次数，从而有效地提高查询的效率。