Types of computer networks
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This document summarizes different types of computer networks. It discusses local area networks (LANs) that connect devices within a small geographic area like a home or office. Metropolitan area networks (MANs) interconnect LANs within a larger region like a city. Wide area networks (WANs) connect LANs across national and international locations using technologies like fiber optics, radio waves, and satellites. The document also describes wired and wireless connection methods, client-server and peer-to-peer network functionality, common network topologies like bus, star and ring, and protocols such as TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and AppleTalk.
Types of computer networks
- 1. TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS Tatheer Fatima BS English (Sec 1-A)
- 2. COMPUTER NETWORKS A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources, exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network maybe linked through cables, telephone lines, radiowaves, satellites or infrared light beams
- 3. NEEDS OF COMPUTER NETWORK: File sharing Resource sharing Communication and collaboration Remote access Data protection
- 4. TYPES OF NETWORKS: Networks can be divided on the basis of: Geographical Area Network (LAN,MAN,WAN) Connection method (Wired orWireless Networks) Functionality (client/server, peer to peer, hybrid networks) Topology (bus, star, ring and mesh) Protocol (TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, AppleTalk)
- 5. DEVICES USED TO CONNECT NETWORK Routers Gateways Repeaters Bridges Hub Modems
- 6. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA NETWORK: Local Area Network: LAN is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common communications line or wireless link. Typically connected devices share the resources of a single processor or server within a small geographic area. A local area network may serve as few as two or three users or as many as thousands of users. Examples include twisted pair
- 8. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA NETWORK: Metropolitan Area Network: MAN is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large LAN but smaller than the area covered byWAN It is also used to mean the interconnection of several LANs by bridging them with backbone lines. Examples include twisted pair and fibre-optic cables
- 10. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA NETWORK: Wireless Area Network: WAN is a communications network that makes use of existing technology to connect local computer networks into a larger working networks that may cover both national and international locations. Examples include fibre-optics, radiowaves and satellites.
- 12. DIFFERENTIATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA CRITERIA LAN MAN WAN OWNERSHIPOF NETWORK private private or public Private or public DESIGNAND MAINTAINANCE Easy Not Easy Not Easy COST Low High Higher NETWORK SIZE Small Larger Largest SPEED Fastest Slower Slowest TRANSMISSION MEDIA Twisted Pair Twisted Pair and fibre- optic cables Fibre-optics , radiowaves and satellite NUMBER OF COMPUTERS Smallest Large Largest
- 13. CONNECTION METHOD: On the basis of connection method the network is classified into following 2 classes: Wired transmission networks Wireless transmission networks
- 14. WIRED TRANSMISSION: Wired transmission of networks is a category of networks in which wiring is used as a medium for transmission of data Wired networks use many types of wires described below: Twisted pair and coaxial cables:These type of wires are made up of copper. Transmit data in the form of electric pulses. Data transformation is not very fast and is also not secure. Fibre-optic cables:These type of wires are made up of plastic and glass.Transmit data in the form of light. Data transformation is very fast and speedy and is a very secure type of transformation.
- 16. WIRELESS TRANSMISSION: In wireless transmission data transmission doesn’t require a specific medium rather air is used as a medium to transmit data. Different frequency waves are used in wireless transmission networks. Radiowaves:Transmit data ranging between 3kHz- 1GHz Microwaves:Transmit data ranging between 3GHz- 300GHz Radiowaves:Transmit data ranging between 300GHz- 400THz
- 17. FUNCTIONALITY: Networks are divided into 3 following categories on the basis of functionality: Client/Server networks Peer to peer networks Hybrid networks
- 18. DIFFERENTIATION B/T CLIENT/SERVER AND PEER TO PEER Client/Server Peer -To-Peer Server has to control ability while client’s don’t. All computers have equal ability. Higher cabling cost Cheaper cabling cost Used in small and large networks Normally used in small networks with less than 10 computers Easy to manage Hard to manage Install software only in the server while the clients share the software Install software to every computer One powerful computer acting as server No server is needed
- 20. HYBRID NETWORKS: Hybrid networks are the networks that are based on both peer-to-peer & client-server relationship. Hybrid networks incorporate the best features of workgroups in peer-to-peer networks with the performance, security and reliability of server-based networks. Hybrid networks still provide all of the centralized services of servers, but they also allow users to share and manage their own resources within the workgroup. Users can assign local access to resources in their computers. Workgroups can manage resources without requiring assistance from network administrator Users may need to remember multiple passwords. Files saved on the workstation are not backed up.
- 22. TOPOLOGY: Topology defines the arrangement of nodes, cables and connectivity devices that make up the network.There are 2 basic categories of topology: Logical topology: It describes the logical pathway a signal follows as it passes among the network nodes Physical topology: It describes the actual layout of the network transmission media i.e. how the transmission media is wired together. Common Physical topologies include: Bus topology Star topology Ring topology Mesh topology
- 23. BUS TOPOLOGY: Definition All computers and devices are connected to a central cable. Advantage Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus Requires less cable length than a star topology. Disadvantage Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable. Terminators are required at the both ends of the backbone cable. Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
- 25. STAR TOPOLOGY: Definition All devices are connected to a central device called hub. Advantage Easy to install and wire. Disadvantage Requires more cable length than a linear topology Security can be implemented in the hub/switch. If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. More expensive than linear bus topologies because of cause of concentrators. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.
- 27. MESH TOPOLOGY: Advantage Provide redundant path between device. Disadvantage Requires more cable than other topologies. The network can be expanded without disruption to current user. Has complicated implementations. Definition In the mesh topology each computer is connected to the others by separate cable.
- 29. RING TOPOLOGY: Definition Cables forms closed rings or loop, with all computers and devices arranged along ring. Advantage Data is easily transferred without a “bottleneck”. Disadvantage Data packets must pass through every computer between the sender & receiver which makes it a slow process. The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one direction only. If any of the nodes fail then the ring is broken n data transmission stops. It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring.
- 31. PROTOCOL: Protocol is a set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and a computer or between two computers. Without protocol computers maybe connected but communication is not possible Protocol is a sort of precommunication agreement about the form in which a message or data is to be sent and received. The highlighted protocols include: 1. TCP/IP protocol suite 2. IPX/SPX protocol suite 3. Apple talk
- 32. TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE TCP/IP protocol suite was first defined in 1974. IP stands for internet protocol. It is a network layer protocol that is responsible for delivering packets to network devices. TCP stands for transmission control protocol.it ensures a sent message is sent without any loss of data or any mix up of the order of the data.
- 33. SPX/IPX PROTOCOL: IPX/SPX is a routable protocol and can be used for small and large networks. It was created by Novell primarily for Novell NetWare networks, but is popular enough that it is used on products that are not from Novell SPX - Sequenced Packet Exchange operates at the transport layer providing connection oriented communication on top of IPX. IPX - Internetwork Packet Exchange supports the transport and network layers of the OSI network model. Provides for network addressing and routing. It provides fast, unreliable, communication with network nodes using a connection less datagram service.
- 34. APPLE TALK: AppleTalk was a proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc. for their Macintosh computers. Apple Computer developed the AppleTalk protocol suite to implement file transfer, printer sharing, and mail service among Apple systems only. It is secure than other protocols
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