Unix slideshare
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This document provides commands for basic file management and system utilities in Linux/Unix systems. It includes commands for listing, moving, copying, deleting and changing permissions of files and directories. It also includes commands for editing files, finding files, archiving files, printing files, managing processes, debugging programs, I/O redirection and setting environment variables.
Unix slideshare
- 2. ls List “normal” files ls file List only file ls -a List all files ls –l Verbosely list normal files ls –al Verbosely list all files ls –al file Verbosely list only file rm file Remove file rm –r dir Remove dir and all subdirs mv file1 file2 Move/Rename file1 to file2 mv dir1 dir2 Move/Rename dir1 to dir2 cp file1 file2 Copy file1 to file2 cd dir Change directoty to dir mkdir dir Make a directory dir rmdir dir Remove the directory dir chown user file Change owner of file to user chgrp group file Change group of file to group chmod nnn file Change permissions of file to 755 rwxr-xr-x 700 rwx------ 644 rw-r--r-- 600 rw------- locate file Find file (fast, not reliable) find dir –name file Find file in subdir of dir (very slow, reliable)
- 3. passwd Change your password chsh Change your login shell chfn Change your finger info who Show who is logged in w Show who is doing what quota –v Show your disk quota info du –k dir Show disk usage of dir df –k Show file-system usage
- 4. vi file Edit file in vi editor pico file Edit file in pico editor wc file Count words/lines in a file more file Show contents of file head –n file Show first n lines of file tail –n file Show last n lines of file grep pattern file Search file for pattern cat file1 file2 > file3 Append file2 to file1 and save results to file3
- 5. top Show the top cpu processes ps –elf Show info about all processes kill pid Kill process pid kill -9 pid Kill stubborn process pid ^C Interrupt a foreground process ^Z Suspend a foreground process jobs Show jobs from this session bg Send process to background fg Send process to foreground nice command Run command to lower priority renice –n n pid Lower priority of pid by n time command Time the execution of command
- 6. tar cf file.tar files Archive files as file.tar tar xf file.tar Show info about all processes gzip file Kill process pid gzip –d file.gz Kill stubborn process pid compress file Interrupt a foreground process uncompress file.z Suspend a foreground process lpr file Print file to default printer lpr –Pprinter file Print file to printer lpq Show default print queue lpq –Pprinter Show printer print queue lprm - Purge default printer lprm –Pprinter Purge printer lprm job Remove job in default printer lprm –Pprinter job Remove job in printer
- 7. cc options file1.c … fileN.c C CC options file.C … fileN.C C++ -o file.x Create executable file called file.x -g Include info for debugging -0N Optimize executable -lfoo Include library libfoo.a dbx C rerun C++ stop in sub Create executable file called file.x stop at N Include info for debugging trace var Optimize executable status Include library libfoo.a delete N Delete Nth breakpoint/trace delete all Delete all breakpoints/traces cont Continue running (after a stop) step Execute the next line and stop next Same as step, but steps over calls list List 10 lines of source list N List 10 lines of source from line N print var Print the value of variable dump Print the value of all variables quit Quit the debugger
- 8. < file Redirect file to STDIN > file Redirect STDOUT to file >! file Redirect STDOUT to file (overwrite) >> file Redirect STDOUT to file (append) >& file Redirect STDOUT and STDERR to file | tee file Show STDOUT and copy to file | Redirect STDOUT of one command to STDIN of another (ls | more) alias Show all aliases alias name Show alias name alias name command Create an alias called name for command
- 9. echo $var Show value of var printenv Show value of all variables setenv var value Set value of var to val unsetenv var Remove the variable var