Unreal Engine Basics 05 - User Interface
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Chapter 5 of the Unreal Engine Basics covers the user interface, focusing on the differences between the Slate and UMG frameworks, and how to create both basic and complex UI components. It discusses built-in widgets, panel types, and widget properties, providing guidance on creating modular UIs and events. The chapter concludes with practical assignments for implementing a game HUD and main menu, along with references for further learning.
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![Slate Example
Example taken from SLoadingScreenTestWidget::Construct
SNew(SVerticalBox)
+SVerticalBox::Slot()
.VAlign(VAlign_Center)
.HAlign(HAlign_Center)
[
SNew(SThrobber)
.Visibility(this, &SLoadingScreenTestWidget::GetLoadIndicatorVisibility)
]
+SVerticalBox::Slot()
.VAlign(VAlign_Center)
.HAlign(HAlign_Center)
[
SNew(STextBlock)
.Text(NSLOCTEXT("MoviePlayerTestLoadingScreen", "LoadingComplete", "Loading complete!"))
.Visibility(this, &SLoadingScreenTestWidget::GetMessageIndicatorVisibility)
]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unrealenginebasics05-200225070137/85/Unreal-Engine-Basics-05-User-Interface-4-320.jpg)
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Game Programming - GitNick Pruehs This document provides an overview of version control systems and how to use Git. It discusses local and centralized version control before focusing on distributed version control with Git. The document then demonstrates how to install Git and SourceTree, create a GitHub account, add and commit files to a repository, pull and push changes, view history and more. It also covers advanced Git topics like branching, merging, and divergent histories.
Eight Rules for Making Your First Great Game
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Game Programming 13 - Debugging & Performance Optimization
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Scrum - but... Agile Game Development in Small Teams
Scrum - but... Agile Game Development in Small TeamsNick Pruehs The document discusses Scrum, an agile framework for managing product development. It describes Scrum roles like the Product Owner, Development Team, and Scrum Master. The Scrum process involves sprints, daily stand-ups, sprint planning and reviews. It also introduces an example game development team called Astro City working with Scrum.
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What Would Blizzard DoNick Pruehs The document discusses Nick Prühs's background, highlighting his education and roles in game development, including work with Daedalic Entertainment and Slash Games. It emphasizes Blizzard's game development philosophies, particularly the importance of making games playable early and committing to quality despite challenges in testing and tool usage. Additionally, it touches on various technical aspects of Blizzard games, including file formats, data structures, and examples from titles like Hearthstone and Starcraft II.
School For Games 2015 - Unity Engine Basics
School For Games 2015 - Unity Engine BasicsNick Pruehs The document outlines a tutorial on game development using the Unity engine, focusing on essential concepts like game lifecycles, script creation, and asset management. It provides a step-by-step guide to building a simple game, including camera movement, player actions, and handling collisions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of learning from existing projects and encourages developers to experiment with their code.
Tool Development A - Git
Tool Development A - GitNick Pruehs The document outlines the objectives of learning Git, covering version control systems, installation of Git and SourceTree, and basic operations like pulling, committing, and merging. It explains Git branching strategies, including main, feature, release, and hotfix branches, along with best practices for merging. References for further reading and contact information are also provided.
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Game Programming 12 - ShadersNick Pruehs The document outlines the essential aspects of shader development and the graphics pipeline in modern GPUs. It covers key topics like CPU versus GPU performance, shader languages, and the stages of the graphics pipeline including vertex transformation, rasterization, and fragment processing. Additionally, it discusses lighting models and provides practical shader programming examples using Cg in Unity.
Game Programming 11 - Game Physics
Game Programming 11 - Game PhysicsNick Pruehs This document discusses the fundamentals of physics in game programming, focusing on kinematics, dynamics, rigid body collisions, and numerical integration methods. It covers concepts such as motion, forces, velocity, and the importance of using fixed time steps for accurate physics simulations. The document also elaborates on the properties of rigid bodies, collision response, and the calculations related to center of mass and moments of inertia.
Game Programming 10 - Localization
Game Programming 10 - LocalizationNick Pruehs The document discusses the importance of game localization for reaching a global audience, highlighting types of game assets that require localization and outlining the localization process. It details best practices for localization, including encoding, handling localization keys, and preparing for localization testing. Additionally, it mentions the challenges of localizing different media types and provides options for packaging languages in games.
Game Programming 09 - AI
Game Programming 09 - AINick Pruehs Game Programming AI
This document discusses behavior trees, an approach to game AI architecture. Behavior trees split AI decision logic from actions and organize them into a directed tree structure. The root node executes logic which reports back as success, running, or failure. This passes control to child nodes. Key nodes include sequences which run children in order until failure, and selectors which run the first successful child. Behavior trees are modular, reusable, and can be data-driven to design AI visually without code. They have been successfully used in many games due to their flexibility and performance.
Game Development Challenges
Game Development ChallengesNick Pruehs This document discusses challenges in game development based on Nick Prühs' experience. It covers the diversity of game types and roles involved in development. It also discusses art pipelines, game engines, physics examples, and lessons learned from developing the "Campus Buddies" social game. Key lessons include expecting API changes, using existing solutions, making testing and deployment easy, mocking network interactions, standardizing code style, using a feature-based project structure, prioritizing collaboration, listening to players, implementing tutorials, considering 2D animation, and addressing challenges with localization.
Game Programming 08 - Tool Development
Game Programming 08 - Tool DevelopmentNick Pruehs The document outlines key concepts and guidelines related to game programming tool development, emphasizing the importance of UI/UX design and file formats such as XML, JSON, and YAML. It discusses architectural patterns like MVC and MVVM, alongside implementing features like undo/redo functionality in applications. Additionally, it covers design patterns, object-oriented design principles, and includes examples of memento patterns used for state restoration.
Game Programming 07 - Procedural Content Generation
Game Programming 07 - Procedural Content GenerationNick Pruehs The document discusses procedural content generation (PCG) in game development, outlining its objectives, categories, opportunities, and challenges. It provides various algorithms for generating game content, such as context-free grammars, genetic algorithms, and Perlin noise, while highlighting the importance of pseudo-random number generation in creating diverse and compelling levels. Additionally, it covers fundamental concepts like chunks, level layouts, and the implementation of level generation frameworks.
Game Programming 06 - Automated Testing
Game Programming 06 - Automated TestingNick Pruehs The document outlines the essentials of automated testing in game programming, focusing on unit testing frameworks like NUnit for .NET and tooling for Unity. It discusses concepts such as test-driven development (TDD), practical examples of unit tests, and limitations of testing, including integration and embedded system challenges. Additionally, it includes references to testing in C++ with Google Test and Unreal Engine 4's automation testing methods.
Game Programming 05 - Development Tools
Game Programming 05 - Development ToolsNick Pruehs The document outlines essential tools and workflows for game programming, emphasizing the importance of automated builds, API documentation generation, and game analytics. It discusses tools like Jenkins for automated builds, Javadoc and Doxygen for documentation, and StyleCop for maintaining code consistency. Additionally, it highlights how to track player engagement and performance metrics while providing insights on crash dump analysis techniques.
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Game Programming 04 - Style & Design PrinciplesNick Pruehs The document outlines key principles and best practices for game programming style and design, emphasizing the importance of good code structure, naming conventions, and the use of consistent coding practices. It also discusses the design and use of types and members, the handling of exceptions, and guidelines for collections in programming. To achieve 'good code', methods such as pair programming, code reviews, and static code analysis are recommended.
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- 1. Unreal Engine Basics Chapter 5: User Interface Nick Prühs
- 2. Objectives • Understanding the difference between Unreal’s UI frameworks Slate and UMG • Learning how to create basic and complex user interfaces in UMG • Learning how to build a simple main menu
- 3. Slate & UMG • Cross-platform user interface framework for creating tool and in-game UIs SWidget base class for all Slate widgets, prefixed with S Declarative Syntax • Wrapped by Unreal Motion Graphics UI Designer (UMG) UWidget base class for all UMG widgets Higher level, and as UObjects, accounted for by the garbage collector
- 4. Slate Example Example taken from SLoadingScreenTestWidget::Construct SNew(SVerticalBox) +SVerticalBox::Slot() .VAlign(VAlign_Center) .HAlign(HAlign_Center) [ SNew(SThrobber) .Visibility(this, &SLoadingScreenTestWidget::GetLoadIndicatorVisibility) ] +SVerticalBox::Slot() .VAlign(VAlign_Center) .HAlign(HAlign_Center) [ SNew(STextBlock) .Text(NSLOCTEXT("MoviePlayerTestLoadingScreen", "LoadingComplete", "Loading complete!")) .Visibility(this, &SLoadingScreenTestWidget::GetMessageIndicatorVisibility) ]
- 5. Widget Blueprints • Derived from UUserWidget • Familiar editor Designer Blueprint Graph o Events, functions and variables just as with any other blueprint o Widgets can be explicitly exposed as variable from the designer window • Built-in support for UI animations • Widget blueprints can reference other widget blueprints, allowing for a very modular UI
- 6. Widget Blueprints Can be created and added to the viewport in your PlayerController:
- 7. Built-In Widgets Panels • Canvas Panel: Allows widgets to be laid out at arbitrary locations, anchored and z-ordered with other children of the canvas. • Grid Panel: Evenly divides up available space between all of its children. • Horizontal Box: Allows widgets to be laid out in a flow horizontally. • Scroll Box: Scrollable collection of widgets. • Vertical Box: Allows child widgets to be automatically laid out vertically. • Widget Switcher: Like a tab control, but without tabs. At most one widget is visible at time. • Wrap Box: Arranges widgets left-to-right. When the widgets exceed the width, it will place widgets on the next line.
- 8. Built-In Widgets Common • Border: Container widget that can contain one child widget, providing an opportunity to surround it with a background image and adjustable padding. • Button: Click-able primitive widget to enable basic interaction. • CheckBox: Allows you to display a toggled state of 'unchecked', 'checked' and 'indeterminable. You can use the checkbox for a classic checkbox, or as a toggle button, or as radio buttons. • Image: Allows you to display a Slate Brush, or texture or material in the UI. • ProgressBar: Simple bar that fills up. • RichTextBlock: Text widget supporting inline styles. • Slider: Shows a sliding bar with a handle that allows you to control the value between 0..1. • Text: Simple static text widget.
- 9. Built-In Widgets Input • ComboBox: Displays a list of options to the user in a dropdown menu. • SpinBox: Numerical entry box that allows for direct entry of the number. • TextBox: Allows the user to type in custom text. Other • (Circular) Throbber: Shows several zooming circles in a row. • Spacer: Provides padding between other widgets. • Background Blur: Can contain one child widget, applying a post-process Gaussian blur to all content beneath it.
- 10. Widget Properties • Appearance Color & Opacity: Tints all child widgets. Padding: Padding area around the content. • Interaction IsFocusable: Allows this widget to accept focus when clicked, or when navigated to. • Behavior TooltipWidget: Tooltip widget to show when the user hovers over the widget with the mouse. Is Enabled: Whether this widget can be modified interactively by the user. Visiblity: Visibility of the widget.
- 11. Visibility • Visible: Visible and hit-testable (can interact with cursor). (Default) • Collapsed: Not visible and takes up no space in the layout (obviously not hit-testable). • Hidden: Not visible but occupies layout space (obviously not hit- testable). • HitTestInvisible: Visible but not hit-testable (cannot interact with cursor) and children in the hierarchy (if any) are also not hit-testable. • SelfHitTestInvisible: Visible but not hit-testable (cannot interact with cursor), but doesn't affect hit-testing on children (if any).
- 12. Canvas Panel Slots • Anchors • Position • Size • Alignment: Pivot point of the widget. • Size To Content • Z Order: Higher values appear on top. UMG Anchors
- 13. Horizontal/Vertical Box Slots • Padding • Size Auto: Only requests as much room as it needs based on the widgets desired size. Fill: Greedily attempts to fill all available room based on the percentage value 0..1 • Horizontal Alignment • Vertical Alignment UMG Box Slot
- 14. Text • Color & Opacity • Font • Min Desired Width • Justification • Wrapping UMG Text Block
- 15. Fonts • Font Family • Typeface • Size • Outline Size & Color UMG Text Block
- 16. Localization • Texts are referenced by namespace & key • String Tables with texts can be imported from/exported to CSV
- 17. Brushes • Image • Image Size • Tint • Draw As None: Don't do anything. Box: Draw a 3x3 box where the sides and the middle stretch based on the margin. Border: Draw a 3x3 border where the sides tile and the middle is empty. Image: Draw an image, ignoring margin. • Tiling • Color & Opacity Slate Brush
- 18. Blueprint Event Binding • In blueprints, you can bind events in two ways: By linking them directly to a (custom) event in your event graph By using a Create Event node referencing another event or function o In functions, only the second option is available.
- 19. Button • Brushes for every state Normal Hovered Pressed Disabled • Hovered and Clicked events • Single child e.g. text, image UMG Button
- 20. Creating Re-Usable Widgets • Expose public variables for specifying your parameters (e.g. button text, style) • Implement PreConstruct event in your widget to apply settings • Allows for live updates in widget designer
- 21. Traveling Traveling to another level can be achieved by calling Open Level: • Can specify either a level name or an IP address to travel to • May provide arbitrary options in form of a “travel URL”: DM-AwesomeMap?name=FastFragg0r • Options are automatically passed to be parsed by AGameMode::InitGame, for instance
- 22. Traveling Reserved built-in travel options include: • listen: Loads the map as listen server. • restart: Causes Unreal to just reload the current level. • closed: Automatically appended by the engine to signal a failed connection attempt. • failed: Automatically appended by the engine to signal a failed connection attempt. • name: Player name to be set on the PlayerState. • spectatorOnly: Join as spectator player.
- 23. Level Blueprints • Each level has its own dedicated level blueprint that behaves just like any other actor blueprint • Allows to directly reference actors placed in that level • There are various paradigms on how to deal with level blueprints… Don’t use them at all Use for inter-blueprint communication, only Use them for everything
- 24. Hint! You can specify whether or not to show a mouse cursor with the Show Mouse Cursor flag of your PlayerController.
- 25. Assignment #5 – User Interface 1. Create an ingame HUD with a crosshair. 2. Add a health display to your HUD. 3. Bind input for showing an ingame scoreboard. 4. Create a very basic main menu level and UI.
- 26. References • Epic Games. Slate Overview. https://docs.unrealengine.com/en- US/Programming/Slate/Overview/index.html, February 2020. • Epic Games. UMG UI Designer User Guide. https://docs.unrealengine.com/en- US/Engine/UMG/UserGuide/index.html, February 2020.
- 27. See you next time! https://www.slideshare.net/npruehs https://github.com/npruehs/teaching- unreal-engine/releases/tag/assignment05 [email protected]
- 28. 5 Minute Review Session • What is the difference between Slate and UMG? • How can you create a very modular UI in UMG? • What do you need to do to show your widgets ingame? • Which kinds of panels do you know? • What’s the difference between collapsed and hidden visibility? • Which UI concept facilitates creating resolution-independent UIs? • How do your globalize your game? • How can you load another map while ingame?