This document discusses validation controls in .NET, which determine if data entered into web controls is valid before processing. There are six main validation controls: RequiredFieldValidator, CompareValidator, RangeValidator, ValidationSummary, RegularExpressionValidator, and CustomValidator. Validation controls validate user input on both the client-side using JavaScript and server-side to prevent spoofing. They make validation easier by allowing declarative validation that is separate from input controls and provide a flexible extensible framework.