Web Application Frameworks (WAF)
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Web application frameworks (WAFs) provide a standard structure for building dynamic websites and web applications using the model-view-controller (MVC) pattern. A typical WAF includes features like asset management, security helpers, scaffolding tools, internationalization support, templating engines, routing and URL mapping, database access abstraction, and caching. Popular WAFs include Ruby on Rails, Django, Laravel, and Spring. WAFs handle common tasks like routing requests to controllers and fetching data from models to display in views.
![Migrations, Models and Controllers (cont.)
class BooksController < ApplicationController
...
def show
@book = Book.find(params[:id]) # /books/:id
end
...
end
class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
end](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/frameworks-140514121626-phpapp02/85/Web-Application-Frameworks-WAF-18-320.jpg)
Web Application Frameworks (WAF)
- 1. Web Application Frameworks (WAF) Ako Kaman @scheperson
- 2. What is a WAF? • A general purpose software framework • Used to build: • Dynamic websites • Web applications • Web API • Mostly based on MVC pattern • Push based (more popular) • Pull based
- 3. Why should I bother using a WAF? • Community support • Don’t reinvent the wheel • Better application structure • Decrease development time • Free tools and components (more on this later) • Hundreds of developers are smarter than your team! (RoR => 3477)
- 4. What is included in a typical WAF? • Asset management (some WAFs) • Generating sprites • Pre-compiling assets for production • Compiling SASS, Less and Coffescript on the fly (development) • Helpers • Security • Local authentication • Using OAuth • Controllers • Test tools
- 5. What is included in a typical WAF? (cont.) • Scaffolding • Command line tools • I18n and L10n support • Templating engine (View layer) • Routing and URL mapping (no Default.aspx)! • Database access and abstraction (Model layer) • Migrations • Caching data • Databased agnostic • Object oriented database access (ORM)
- 6. How does MVC work? Router Controller Model Browser View Request Dispatch Fetch dataPush data Render Response
- 7. Some WAFs out there • PHP • Yii • Laravel • FuelPHP • CakePHP • Zend Framework • CodeIgniter (dead) => ExpressionEngine • Symfony => Yahoo Bookmarks, Delicious, DailyMotion • Python • Flask • Pylons • Django => Pinterest, Disqus, Instagram, Mozilla, Rdio
- 8. Some WAFs out there (cont.) • Java/Scala • Lift => FourSquare • Play => LinkedIn, Klout, The Guardian • Java • Grails • Spring • ASP.NET (C#, VB) :( • ASP.NET MVC • Ruby :) • Sinatra => Apple, BBC, Heroku • Ruby on Rails =>Twitter, GitHub, Basecamp, Groupon, SoundCloud
- 10. How does MVC work? Router Controller Model Browser View Request Dispatch Fetch dataPush data Render Response
- 11. Making an HTTP request Router Controller Model Browser View Request Dispatch Fetch dataPush data Render Response
- 12. Making an HTTP request (cont.) http://example.com/books/1 GET /books/1 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com
- 13. Routing and URL mapping Router Controller Model Browser View Request Dispatch Fetch dataPush data Render Response
- 14. Routing and URL mapping (cont.) get “admin/news” match "admin/news", to: "admin#posts", as: "manage_news", via: :get Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action admin_news GET /admin/news admin#news Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action manage_news GET /admin/news admin#posts
- 15. Routing and URL mapping (cont.) resources “books” Note the :id parameter Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action books GET /books books#index POST /books books#create new_book GET /books/new books#new edit_book GET /books/:id/edit books#edit book GET /books/:id books#show PATCH /books/:id books#update PUT /books/:id books#update DELETE /books/:id books#destroy
- 16. Migrations, Models and Controllers Router Controller Model Browser View Request Dispatch Fetch dataPush data Render Response
- 17. Migrations, Models and Controllers (cont.) class CreateBooks < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :books do |t| t.string :title t.string :isbn t.integer :pages end end end $ rails g migration CreateBooks title isbn pages:integer What is a migration?
- 18. Migrations, Models and Controllers (cont.) class BooksController < ApplicationController ... def show @book = Book.find(params[:id]) # /books/:id end ... end class Book < ActiveRecord::Base end
- 19. Views Router Controller Model Browser View Request Dispatch Fetch dataPush data Render Response
- 20. Views (cont.) <p> <strong>Title:</strong> <%= @book.title %> </p> <p> <strong>ISBN:</strong> <%= @book.isbn %> </p> <p> <strong>Pages:</strong> <%= @book.pages %> </p> <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_book_path(@book) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', books_path %>
- 21. Views (cont.) <p> <strong>Title:</strong> <%= @book.title %> </p> <p> <strong>ISBN:</strong> <%= @book.isbn %> </p> <p> <strong>Pages:</strong> <%= @book.pages %> </p> <%= link_to 'Edit', edit_book_path(@book) %> | <%= link_to 'Back', books_path %> Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action books GET /books books#index edit_book GET /books/:id/edit books#edit
- 22. The end result
- 23. Questions?
Editor's Notes
- #2: -Ask what is the difference between a web application and a normal web site?- The difference between Push/Pull