Web Server-Side Programming Techniques

1. Web programming General introduction to the topic

2. Protocols

3. Servers

4. Programming techniques

5. Client-side techniques

6. Standardization

7. Protocols The web techniques is based on TCP/IP protocols

8. Mostly used protocols are HTTP and HTTPS IP: Internet Protocol

9. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol

10. UPD: User Datagram Protocol

11. TCP/IP based application layer's protocols DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

12. DNS: Domain Name Service

13. FTP: File Transfer Protocol

14. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

15. IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol

16. IRC: Internet Relay Chat Protocol

17. POP3: Post Office Protocol version 3

18. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

19. SSL/TLS: Secure Sockets Layer

20. SSH: Secure Shell

21. TELNET: Terminal Emulation Protocol

22. HTTP To retriever linked resources (hypertext docs)

23. Developed 1990 by Tim Berners-Lee two major versions: HTTP/1.0 that uses a separate connection for every document

24. HTTP/1.1 that can reuse the same

25. connection to download The client is an application (web browser, spider) on the computer

26. the server is an application running on the server computer hosting the web site

27. HTTP standars coordinated by The World Wide Web Consortium (w3.org)

28. the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC 2616: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2616

29. Resources accessed by URI (more specially URL locator)

30. HTTP connection Client established TCP connection to TCP port (80)

31. Server responses using

32. Request method (8 methods to identified resource) HEAD, GET, POST PUT, OPTIONS, DELETE, TRACE HTTP request: GET /public/index.html HTTP/1.1

33. Web Servers Most used Web Servers at January 2010 are: Apache 111,307,941 53.84 %

34. Microsoft 49,792,844 24.08 %

35. Google 14,550,011 7.04 %

36. Nginx 15,568,224 7.53% http://nginx.org/ Source: http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2010/01/07/january_2010_web_server_survey.html

37. Apache HTTP server http://httpd.apache.org/

38. Project of Apache Foundation Also many other Open Source projects are lisenced different way: http://www.apache.org/licenses/ Newest Apache HTTP 2.2 Upcoming version 2.4 SSL and TLS support with mod_ssl module Many features implemented as compiled modules for extending core server

39. Programming Apache The Most popular programming languages used with Apache server are: PHP (the Most popular)

40. Python

41. Perl Mostly server-side programming language support is implemented as compiled modules which extend the core functionality

42. PHP Originally developed by Rasmus Lerdorf PHP = Personal Home Page PHP 3 was rewrited Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski rewrote the parser that formed PHP 3

43. New name: PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor PHP 4 powered by Zend Engine

44. PHP 5 powered by Zend Engine 2 Zend Engine is was written by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski

45. LAMP LAMP = Linux, Apache, Mysql, PHP or Python or Perl

46. Open Source based software suite to create general purpose web server apps Popular combination of independent OS projects (term used generally to refer these techniques) Same software suite to run on other OS: Windows (WAMP), Mac (MAMP)

47. Python Python is a popular OO scripting language mod_python is an Apache HTTP Server to integrate the Python with Apache Python supports many paradigms like functional or aspect-oriented programming Has fully dynamic type system, automatic memory management with garbage collection and late binding

48. Language has simple and intuative syntax

49. Microsoft IIS Server Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS)

50. The main competitor for Apache

51. IIS7 works on Windows Server 2008

52. http://www.iis.net/

53. IIS 7.0 was totally rewritten version of IIS 6.0 Programming techniques supported remains still the same

54. Unlike previous versions of IIS, the modular design of IIS 7.0 allows to implement custom modules

55. IIS7 Server Common HTTP features like Static Content, HTTP errors/redection, HTTP logging etc.

56. Supports Optionally custom modules to : CGI – Common Gateway Interface

57. ASP.NET

58. ASP (classic version)

59. .NET extensibility

60. ISAPI and ISAP extensions

61. Server Side Includes It's also possible to plug into IIS some additional module from Microsoft/3 th- party source

62. IIS7 development Language support: ASP.NET (C#, VB, J#) and

63. Pure PHP Support using 3th party's FastCGI module The components of the Microsoft Web Platform: Internet Information Services (IIS), SQL Server (Express), .NET Framework and Visual Web Developer

64. Java EE The newest is Java EE 6 http://java.sun.com/javaee/ APIs/Frameworks supported are: Java Servlet

65. JavaServer pages (JSP) + JSTL

66. JavaServer Faces

67. Java Persistence

68. Java Api for Web Services (JAX- WS, JAX-RS)

69. Enterprise JavaBeans

70. Related Java SE specs: JAXP, JDBC, stAX

71. Java EE app servers Java EE 5/6 Servers: GlassFish v3

72. Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server v3 former Sun Java System Application Server JEUS 7 (TmaxSoft)

73. JBoss Application Server v5 (RedHat)

74. Apache Geronimo 2.0

75. IBM WebSphere AppServer V7/Community Ed. 2

76. Oracle Containers for Java EE 11

77. SAP NetWeaver

78. Lightweight: Apache Tomcat, Jetty

79. Client-side web programming Two independent parts Client-side Markup languages HTML, XHTML, XML, XML based languages etc. Client-side programming JavaScript, VBScript etc.

80. Markup languages HTML (3.2, 4.0, upcoming HTML 5.0)

81. CSS 1, 2 and CSS 2.1

82. XML DTD

83. XSLT

84. Schema

85. MathML Validation tools (online, offline, integrated)

86. Client-side programming Client-side scripting is the web application that is executed on the client-side normally using the web browser

87. Dynamic HTML ( DHTML ) for scripted web pages Written by client-side scripting languages like JavaScript and VBScript. XML Programming tools like XSLT, Xpath, DOM, E4X etc.

88. Web standars The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

89. http://www.w3.org/

90. main international standardization organization for the World Wide Web (WWW or W3).

91. W3C process Working Draft (WD)

92. Last Call Working Draft

93. Candidate Recommendation (CR)

94. Proposed Recommendation (PR)

95. W3C Recommendation (REC) Note! W3C leaves it up to manufacturers to follow the Recommendations

96. Defines levels of conformance if software is W3C-compliant

97. The Most Important standards from W3C http://www.w3.org/standards/

98. HTML (including XHTML 1.0/1.0), CSS

99. XML XML, XQuery, XML Schema, XSLT, EXI

100. http://www.w3.org/standards/techs/xml Services, Architechture HTTP, XML, SOAP, WSDL, SPARQL

101. Standards continues Semantic Web " Web of Linked Data "

102. RDF, SPARQL, OWL Web of Devices: Multimodal access, mobile Web and Voice Browsing One Web Vision

103. Techs: CSS Mobile, XHTML for mobile, EMMA, InkML, VoiceXML, PLS, Speech Interface Framework

104. Web Services Web services for other applications SOAP – RPC, remote Procedure Call interface

105. WSDL – description of the service

106. UDDI - General service register Web Services Amazon Web Services

107. Google Web Services

108. Using standardized XML techniques/protocols

109. REST as a web service Web Services API

110. Supports XML data and HTTP protocol

111. A RESTful web service (also called a RESTful web API) is a simple web service implemented using HTTP and the principles of REST

112. Simpler to implement than SOAP/WSDL Facebook has REST API

113. RESTful web Service RESTful web service: The base URI for the web service

114. The MIME type of the data supported by the web service (JSON, XML, YAML etc.)

115. The set of operations supported by the web service using HTTP methods (e.g., POST, GET, PUT or DELETE).

116. Future of the Web? "One Web Vision"?

117. Watch the talk from Kevin Kelly on the next 5,000 days of the web http://www.ted.com/talks/kevin_kelly_on_the_next_5_000_days_of_the_web.html

Web Server-Side Programming Techniques

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