what-is-devops.ppt
- 2. When developers and operations teams work together, they can identify and solve problems more quickly. This helps them deliver software to users faster and with fewer errors. This general practice is called DevOps. It involves using tools and techniques to automate tasks and make software development and deployment more efficient.
- 3. When developers and operations teams work together, they can identify and solve problems more quickly. This helps them deliver software to users faster and with fewer errors. This general practice is called DevOps. It involves using tools and techniques to automate tasks and make software development and deployment more efficient.
- 4. Development Team & Operations Team working separately
- 5. • DevOps is a methodology that allows a single team to manage the entire application development life cycle – that is development, testing, deployment, and operations. • This approach can help your team produce superior quality software quickly and with more reliability.
- 6. • Before DevOps, the development team and the operations team worked separately. This often created a lot of issues in production because both teams were working separately without consulting each other and integrating best practices. • Suppose the operations team has an issue during deployment and they want to communicate with the deployment team. But the deployment team isn't available at that time, so they have to wait a while. Not only that, but the entire process was manual. How Does DevOps Work?
- 7. How Does DevOps Work? Because of all of these issues, the DevOps team got created. Again, it combines the Development Team and the Operations Team and automates every step of the process.
- 8. Let's look at a sample workflow a DevOps team might follow:
- 9. DevOps Life Cycle • When building a product, teams go through what is known as the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It's a process used by software development teams to design, develop, test, and deploy software applications. • It is helps to ensure that software is delivered on time, within budget, and meets the requirements of stakeholders.
- 10. Before DevOps, we used to follow the waterfall or step-by-step model.
- 11. • The Waterfall methodology has been largely replaced by Agile methodology. The main difference between Agile and Waterfall is that Waterfall is a linear system of working that requires the team to complete each project phase before moving on to the next one. Agile, on the other hand, encourages the team to work simultaneously on different phases of the project and allows them to iterate, make changes, and check in along the way.
- 13. • DevOps is an extension of Agile practices. DevOps builds on the principles of Agile, which emphasizes collaboration, flexibility, and iterative development. • Agile phases are comprised of scrums, sprint planning, sprint review, and so on. DevOps, on the other hand, includes planning, building, continuous delivery, testing, and feedback.
- 14. Example: Suppose a customer wants to build an e-commerce app. Let's have a look at the workflow:
- 15. • The sprints shown in the figure represent the steps in the project. Each sprint includes Develop, Build, Test, and Deploy phases. • After completing a sprint, the team contacts the client to check in. If the client wants any changes, the team can easily make them. Once a sprint finishes, the team move on to the next one.
- 16. • This process may take several days or weeks, which is where DevOps comes in. By implementing DevOps practices like continuous integration and continuous delivery, you can automate the process of building, testing, and deploying the app. • If any issues arise, the team can quickly fix them without causing any downtime for the users.
- 17. This is how the DevOps team works to build any software more efficiently.
- 18. V-Shaped Strengths • Emphasize planning for verification and validation of the product in early stages of product development • Each deliverable must be testable • Project management can track progress by milestones • Easy to use
- 19. V-Shaped Weaknesses • Does not easily handle concurrent events • Does not handle iterations or phases • Does not easily handle dynamic changes in requirements • Does not contain risk analysis activities
- 20. When to use the V-Shaped Model • Excellent choice for systems requiring high reliability – hospital patient control applications • All requirements are known up-front • When it can be modified to handle changing requirements beyond analysis phase • Solution and technology are known
- 21. Structured Evolutionary Prototyping Model • Developers build a prototype during the requirements phase • Prototype is evaluated by end users • Users give corrective feedback • Developers further refine the prototype • When the user is satisfied, the prototype code is brought up to the standards needed for a final product.
- 22. Structured Evolutionary Prototyping Steps • A preliminary project plan is developed • An partial high-level paper model is created • The model is source for a partial requirements specification • A prototype is built with basic and critical attributes • The designer builds – the database – user interface – algorithmic functions • The designer demonstrates the prototype, the user evaluates for problems and suggests improvements. • This loop continues until the user is satisfied
- 23. Structured Evolutionary Prototyping Strengths • Customers can “see” the system requirements as they are being gathered • Developers learn from customers • A more accurate end product • Unexpected requirements accommodated • Allows for flexible design and development • Steady, visible signs of progress produced • Interaction with the prototype stimulates awareness of additional needed functionality
- 24. Structured Evolutionary Prototyping Weaknesses • Tendency to abandon structured program development for “code-and-fix” development • Bad reputation for “quick-and-dirty” methods • Overall maintainability may be overlooked • The customer may want the prototype delivered. • Process may continue forever (scope creep)
- 25. When to use Structured Evolutionary Prototyping • Requirements are unstable or have to be clarified • As the requirements clarification stage of a waterfall model • Develop user interfaces • Short-lived demonstrations • New, original development • With the analysis and design portions of object- oriented development.
- 26. Rapid Application Model (RAD) • Requirements planning phase (a workshop utilizing structured discussion of business problems) • User description phase – automated tools capture information from users • Construction phase – productivity tools, such as code generators, screen generators, etc. inside a time-box. (“Do until done”) • Cutover phase -- installation of the system, user acceptance testing and user training
- 27. RAD Strengths • Reduced cycle time and improved productivity with fewer people means lower costs • Time-box approach mitigates cost and schedule risk • Customer involved throughout the complete cycle minimizes risk of not achieving customer satisfaction and business needs • Focus moves from documentation to code (WYSIWYG). • Uses modeling concepts to capture information about business, data, and processes.
- 28. RAD Weaknesses • Accelerated development process must give quick responses to the user • Risk of never achieving closure • Hard to use with legacy systems • Requires a system that can be modularized • Developers and customers must be committed to rapid-fire activities in an abbreviated time frame.
- 29. When to use RAD • Reasonably well-known requirements • User involved throughout the life cycle • Project can be time-boxed • Functionality delivered in increments • High performance not required • Low technical risks • System can be modularized
- 30. Incremental SDLC Model • Construct a partial implementation of a total system • Then slowly add increased functionality • The incremental model prioritizes requirements of the system and then implements them in groups. • Each subsequent release of the system adds function to the previous release, until all designed functionality has been implemented.
- 31. Incremental Model Strengths • Develop high-risk or major functions first • Each release delivers an operational product • Customer can respond to each build • Uses “divide and conquer” breakdown of tasks • Lowers initial delivery cost • Initial product delivery is faster • Customers get important functionality early • Risk of changing requirements is reduced
- 32. Incremental Model Weaknesses • Requires good planning and design • Requires early definition of a complete and fully functional system to allow for the definition of increments • Well-defined module interfaces are required (some will be developed long before others) • Total cost of the complete system is not lower
- 33. When to use the Incremental Model • Risk, funding, schedule, program complexity, or need for early realization of benefits. • Most of the requirements are known up-front but are expected to evolve over time • A need to get basic functionality to the market early • On projects which have lengthy development schedules • On a project with new technology
- 34. Spiral SDLC Model • Adds risk analysis, and 4gl RAD prototyping to the waterfall model • Each cycle involves the same sequence of steps as the waterfall process model
- 35. Spiral Quadrant Determine objectives, alternatives and constraints • Objectives: functionality, performance, hardware/software interface, critical success factors, etc. • Alternatives: build, reuse, buy, sub-contract, etc. • Constraints: cost, schedule, interface, etc.
- 36. Spiral Quadrant Evaluate alternatives, identify and resolve risks • Study alternatives relative to objectives and constraints • Identify risks (lack of experience, new technology, tight schedules, poor process, etc. • Resolve risks (evaluate if money could be lost by continuing system development
- 37. Spiral Quadrant Develop next-level product • Typical activites: – Create a design – Review design – Develop code – Inspect code – Test product
- 38. Spiral Quadrant Plan next phase • Typical activities – Develop project plan – Develop configuration management plan – Develop a test plan – Develop an installation plan
- 39. Spiral Model Strengths • Provides early indication of insurmountable risks, without much cost • Users see the system early because of rapid prototyping tools • Critical high-risk functions are developed first • The design does not have to be perfect • Users can be closely tied to all lifecycle steps • Early and frequent feedback from users • Cumulative costs assessed frequently
- 40. Spiral Model Weaknesses • Time spent for evaluating risks too large for small or low- risk projects • Time spent planning, resetting objectives, doing risk analysis and prototyping may be excessive • The model is complex • Risk assessment expertise is required • Spiral may continue indefinitely • Developers must be reassigned during non-development phase activities • May be hard to define objective, verifiable milestones that indicate readiness to proceed through the next iteration
- 41. When to use Spiral Model • When creation of a prototype is appropriate • When costs and risk evaluation is important • For medium to high-risk projects • Long-term project commitment unwise because of potential changes to economic priorities • Users are unsure of their needs • Requirements are complex • New product line • Significant changes are expected (research and exploration)
- 42. Agile SDLC’s • Speed up or bypass one or more life cycle phases • Usually less formal and reduced scope • Used for time-critical applications • Used in organizations that employ disciplined methods
- 43. Some Agile Methods • Adaptive Software Development (ASD) • Feature Driven Development (FDD) • Crystal Clear • Dynamic Software Development Method (DSDM) • Rapid Application Development (RAD) • Scrum • Extreme Programming (XP) • Rational Unify Process (RUP)
- 44. Extreme Programming - XP For small-to-medium-sized teams developing software with vague or rapidly changing requirements Coding is the key activity throughout a software project • Communication among teammates is done with code • Life cycle and behavior of complex objects defined in test cases – again in code
- 45. XP Practices (1-6) 1. Planning game – determine scope of the next release by combining business priorities and technical estimates 2. Small releases – put a simple system into production, then release new versions in very short cycle 3. Metaphor – all development is guided by a simple shared story of how the whole system works 4. Simple design – system is designed as simply as possible (extra complexity removed as soon as found) 5. Testing – programmers continuously write unit tests; customers write tests for features 6. Refactoring – programmers continuously restructure the system without changing its behavior to remove duplication and simplify
- 46. XP Practices (7 – 12) 7. Pair-programming -- all production code is written with two programmers at one machine 8. Collective ownership – anyone can change any code anywhere in the system at any time. 9. Continuous integration – integrate and build the system many times a day – every time a task is completed. 10. 40-hour week – work no more than 40 hours a week as a rule 11. On-site customer – a user is on the team and available full-time to answer questions 12. Coding standards – programmers write all code in accordance with rules emphasizing communication through the code
- 47. XP is “extreme” because Commonsense practices taken to extreme levels • If code reviews are good, review code all the time (pair programming) • If testing is good, everybody will test all the time • If simplicity is good, keep the system in the simplest design that supports its current functionality. (simplest thing that works) • If design is good, everybody will design daily (refactoring) • If architecture is important, everybody will work at defining and refining the architecture (metaphor) • If integration testing is important, build and integrate test several times a day (continuous integration) • If short iterations are good, make iterations really, really short (hours rather than weeks)
- 48. XP References Online references to XP at • http://www.extremeprogramming.org/ • http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?ExtremeProgrammingRoadmap • http://www.xprogramming.com/
- 49. Feature Driven Design (FDD) Five FDD process activities 1. Develop an overall model – Produce class and sequence diagrams from chief architect meeting with domain experts and developers. 2. Build a features list – Identify all the features that support requirements. The features are functionally decomposed into Business Activities steps within Subject Areas. Features are functions that can be developed in two weeks and expressed in client terms with the template: <action> <result> <object> i.e. Calculate the total of a sale 3. Plan by feature -- the development staff plans the development sequence of features 4. Design by feature -- the team produces sequence diagrams for the selected features 5. Build by feature – the team writes and tests the code http://www.nebulon.com/articles/index.html
- 50. Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) Applies a framework for RAD and short time frames Paradigm is the 80/20 rule – majority of the requirements can be delivered in a relatively short amount of time.
- 51. DSDM Principles 1. Active user involvement imperative (Ambassador users) 2. DSDM teams empowered to make decisions 3. Focus on frequent product delivery 4. Product acceptance is fitness for business purpose 5. Iterative and incremental development - to converge on a solution 6. Requirements initially agreed at a high level 7. All changes made during development are reversible 8. Testing is integrated throughout the life cycle 9. Collaborative and co-operative approach among all stakeholders essential
- 52. DSDM Lifecycle • Feasibility study • Business study – prioritized requirements • Functional model iteration – risk analysis – Time-box plan • Design and build iteration • Implementation
- 53. Adaptive SDLC Combines RAD with software engineering best practices • Project initiation • Adaptive cycle planning • Concurrent component engineering • Quality review • Final QA and release
- 54. Adaptive Steps 1. Project initialization – determine intent of project 2. Determine the project time-box (estimation duration of the project) 3. Determine the optimal number of cycles and the time-box for each 4. Write an objective statement for each cycle 5. Assign primary components to each cycle 6. Develop a project task list 7. Review the success of a cycle 8. Plan the next cycle
- 55. Tailored SDLC Models • Any one model does not fit all projects • If there is nothing that fits a particular project, pick a model that comes close and modify it for your needs. • Project should consider risk but complete spiral too much – start with spiral & pare it done • Project delivered in increments but there are serious reliability issues – combine incremental model with the V-shaped model • Each team must pick or customize a SDLC model to fit its project
- 56. Agile Web references DePaul web site has links to many Agile references http://se.cs.depaul.edu/ise/agile.htm
- 57. Quality – the degree to which the software satisfies stated and implied requirements • Absence of system crashes • Correspondence between the software and the users’ expectations • Performance to specified requirements Quality must be controlled because it lowers production speed, increases maintenance costs and can adversely affect business
- 58. Quality Assurance Plan • The plan for quality assurance activities should be in writing • Decide if a separate group should perform the quality assurance activities • Some elements that should be considered by the plan are: defect tracking, unit testing, source-code tracking, technical reviews, integration testing and system testing.
- 59. Quality Assurance Plan • Defect tracing – keeps track of each defect found, its source, when it was detected, when it was resolved, how it was resolved, etc • Unit testing – each individual module is tested • Source code tracing – step through source code line by line • Technical reviews – completed work is reviewed by peers • Integration testing -- exercise new code in combination with code that already has been integrated • System testing – execution of the software for the purpose of finding defects.