The document compares ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Forms, highlighting that MVC offers better performance and control over HTML, promoting test-driven development (TDD) and separation of concerns. ASP.NET Web Forms, while user-friendly with a rich event-driven framework, may suffer from slower performance due to its server control reliance. The choice between the two frameworks depends on specific project needs and developer preferences, with a recommendation for beginners to focus on learning ASP.NET MVC.