Developing Efficient Web-based GIS Applications
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The document discusses technologies for developing efficient web-based GIS applications. It describes mapping technologies like static map renderers, slippy maps, and Flash mapping. It also covers database technologies like Oracle, SQL Server, and normalization. Development standards discussed include web wireframing, languages like ASP and PHP, protocols like SOAP, and a three-tier architecture. The conclusion recommends Flash mapping or slippy maps, Oracle database, wireframing, SOAP protocol, and a three-tier architecture for developing efficient web-based GIS applications.
Developing Efficient Web-based GIS Applications
- 1. Developing Efficient Web-based GIS Applications By SWETHA A 5WD12CGI15 Adnan, M., Singleton, A.D., and Longley, P.A.
- 2. Introduction • Multimap ( 7.3 million in UK) • Mapquest (47 million in US) • 50,000 websites that took feeds from the Google Maps (http://maps.google.com) site • GIS-enabled web applications can utilize any of a number of technologies and database platforms.
- 3. Insight Of The Paper • Mapping, database, and development technologies that are being used to develop high volume web- based GIS applications • Different technologies and their usefulness in different scenarios in order to perform in a range of circumstances.
- 4. • Public profiler (http://www.publicprofiler.org/worldnames) • Flash maps
- 5. Mapping Technology Or Visualisation Functionality (Websites Presenting Geographic Data) • Static Map Renderers • Slippy Maps • Flash Mapping
- 6. Static Map Renderers • Render maps in the form of images. • Do not allow any user interaction(static images) • Resulting map is very simple and easy to interpret.
- 7. • (http://www.nationaltrustnames.org.uk). • Website that allows users to view the spatial distribution of their family names
- 8. Slippy Maps Or Tile-based • Widely used geo-visualisation techniques • This technique works by dividing the map into a discrete number of zoom levels, so that each zoom level has an identical number of tiles. • Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, Yahoo Maps, Mapnik, Open Layers, MapTube and ArcGiS • Dynamic and faster to load
- 9. Tiling in slippy maps
- 10. FLASH MAPPING • Based on Vector images( drawn dynamically by using mathematical calculations which do not allow the map to become distorted and keeps it in the right shape). • API into ArcGIS (ArcGIS Flex API) and Flash with the Google Maps API
- 11. (http://www.adobe.com/products/flash/) has become popular as a mapping solution
- 12. • APIs manage complex details of connectivity using the GIS package and they provide an easy to use interface for developers • Flash Action Scripts • Information might entail adding a point, line or polygon, or equally might entail adding some more complex graphics to the map, e.g. custom navigation Flash controls
- 13. Choosing An Appropriate Mapping Technology • Static Map Renderers • Slippy Maps(on-the-fly) • Flash Mapping
- 14. DBMS • Can chose Oracle(http://www.oracle.com) SQL(http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver) • Not to be chosen MySQL (http://www.mysql.com) MS-Access (http://office.microsoft.com/access)
- 15. NORMALISATION • Normalisation is a technique used to reduce data redundancy while maintaining integrity of the data in the database. • Four forms first, second and third Normal form, and the Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF).
- 16. STORED PROCEDURES • Stored in database dictionary as database objects • Enhance the speed of data retrieval • Stored procedures offer a number of important benefits over queries. • The DBMS only compiles them when they are called for the first time(This improves the speed of access to the database and enhances the performance).
- 17. DATABASE INDEX • Enhancing the data retrieval speed • Database indexes are created in one or more columns of a table and enable a database system to perform rapid random lookups on the database table • Database index references the key-fields • Clustered or • Un-clustered
- 18. Web Application Development Standards for GIS applications • Design Standards Web Wireframing • Development Standards
- 19. Web Wireframing • Web wireframing is a unique concept in web site design and development • Web wireframing helps in creating a final design of the website before its actual development • Adobe Illustrator (http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator) • Microsoft Visio(http://office.microsoft.com/visio) • ProtoShare (http://www.protoshare.com)
- 21. example of a web wireframe, which demonstrates how the web page will look like after development.
- 22. DEVELOPEMENT STANDARDS • Windows only ASP (Active Server Pages) ASP.NET (Active Server Page dot Net) • Any OS PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) JSP (Java Server Pages)
- 23. COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS • A GIS web application often stores temporary data in files or communicates with other web applications over the web • Common protocol is SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol): • SOAP uses XML (Extensible Markup Language) HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for communication.
- 24. ARCHITECHTURE
- 25. ARCHITECHTURE OF WEB-BASED GIS APPLICATIONS
- 26. CONCLUSION • This paper has described the different mapping technologies, database standards, and web application development standards that are relevant to the development of web GIS applications. • Development of efficient web-based GIS applications – Flash Mapping or Slippy as Mapping Technology – Oracle is the system of choice for geospatial applications – Web Wireframing for to design website. – Use of a common communication protocol (SOAP) – Three-tier web-based GIS applications Architecture