Docker and friends at Linux Days 2014 in Prague
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Docker allows deploying applications easily across various environments by packaging them along with their dependencies into standardized units called containers. It provides isolation and security while allowing higher density and lower overhead than virtual machines. Core OS and Mesos both integrate with Docker to deploy containers on clusters of machines for scalability and high availability.
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![LXC start
$ ssh ubuntu@10.0.3.12
ubuntu@linux-days:~$ ps axf
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:00 /sbin/init
153 ? S 0:00 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon
189 ? Ss 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd --daemon
303 ? Ssl 0:00 rsyslogd
346 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4
349 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2
350 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3
362 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
466 ? Ss 0:00 _ sshd: ubuntu [priv]
477 ? S 0:00 _ sshd: ubuntu@pts/0
478 pts/0 Ss 0:00 _ -bash
498 pts/0 R+ 0:00 _ ps axf
366 ? Ss 0:00 cron
396 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 console
398 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1
411 ? S 0:00 upstart-file-bridge --daemon
414 ? S 0:00 upstart-socket-bridge --daemon](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/docker-linuxdays2014-141005072845-conversion-gate02/85/Docker-and-friends-at-Linux-Days-2014-in-Prague-30-320.jpg)
![Example 2: node.js
• node.js hello world base on debian:stable
• CMD line is executed same way as:
$ docker run -i -t debian:stable cmd
FROM debian:stable
RUN apt-get update apt-get install -y curl
RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup | bash -
RUN apt-get install -y nodejs
# App
ADD . /web
# Install app dependencies
RUN cd /web; npm install
EXPOSE 8080
CMD [node, /web/index.js]
• source code: https://github.com/deric/
docker-nodejs-helloworld](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/docker-linuxdays2014-141005072845-conversion-gate02/85/Docker-and-friends-at-Linux-Days-2014-in-Prague-37-320.jpg)
![Check target system
• single image:
$ wget http://bit.ly/1CK1lgG -O - | bash -
Generally Necessary:
- cgroup hierarchy: properly mounted [/sys/fs/cgroup]
- apparmor: enabled and tools installed
- CONFIG_NAMESPACES: enabled
- CONFIG_NET_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_PID_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_IPC_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_UTS_NS: enabled
- CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUPS: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER: enabled
- CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED: enabled
...](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/docker-linuxdays2014-141005072845-conversion-gate02/85/Docker-and-friends-at-Linux-Days-2014-in-Prague-45-320.jpg)
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- 17. Is it stable?
- 18. cgroups $ grep cgroup /proc/mounts none /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw,relatime,size=4k,mode=755 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset cgroup rw,relatime,cpuset,clone_children 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu cgroup rw,relatime,cpu 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct cgroup rw,relatime,cpuacct 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/memory cgroup rw,relatime,memory 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/devices cgroup rw,relatime,devices 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer cgroup rw,relatime,freezer 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio cgroup rw,relatime,blkio 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event cgroup rw,relatime,perf_event 0 0 cgroup /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb cgroup rw,relatime,hugetlb 0 0
- 19. cgroups stats $ cat /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.stat cache 933806080 rss 600596480 rss_huge 465567744 mapped_file 60456960 writeback 0 pgpgin 3551705 pgpgout 3295136 pgfault 11150013 pgmajfault 560 inactive_anon 131072 active_anon 598634496 inactive_file 564948992 active_file 365379584 unevictable 5222400 hierarchical_memory_limit 18446744073709551615
- 20. LXC vs OpenVZ OpenVZ LXC works on non-patched kernel no yes limit memory usage yes yes limit kernel memory usage yes no limit disk IO no yes limit disk usage yes partial checkpointing yes not yet live migration yes no* * workaround via criu.org • disk limiting is possible with LVM however with lower IO performance
- 22. Container vs VM.
- 23. LXC performance Miguel G. Xavier, Marcelo V. Neves, Fabio D. Rossi, Tiago C. Ferreto, Timoteo Lange, and Cesar A. F. De Rose. 2013. Performance Evaluation of Container-Based Virtualization for High Performance Computing Environments. In Proceedings of the 2013 21st Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP ’13). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, 233-240
- 24. LXC $ lxc-create -t ubuntu -n linux-days Checking cache download in /var/cache/lxc/trusty/rootfs-amd64 ... Installing packages in template: ssh,vim,language-pack-en Downloading ubuntu trusty minimal ... W: Target architecture is the same as host architecture; disabling QEMU support I: Running command: debootstrap --arch amd64 --verbose --components=main, universe --include=ssh,vim,language-pack-en trusty /var/cache/lxc/ trusty/partial-amd64 $ lxc-ls -f NAME STATE IPV4 IPV6 AUTOSTART ----------------------------------------------- linux-days STOPPED - - NO
- 25. LXC network $ vim /var/lib/lxc/linux-days/rootfs/etc/network/interfaces • we can edit directly container’s files auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.3.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.3.0 gateway 10.0.3.1 dns-nameservers 10.0.3.1 8.8.8.8
- 26. LXC memory and CPU limits $ vim /var/lib/lxc/linux-days/config • limiting CPU and memory lxc.cgroup.memory.limit_in_bytes = 2048M lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 3-6
- 27. LXC network $ vim /var/lib/lxc/linux-days/config # Common configuration lxc.include = /usr/share/lxc/config/ubuntu.common.conf # Container specific configuration lxc.rootfs = /var/lib/lxc/linux-days/rootfs lxc.mount = /var/lib/lxc/linux-days/fstab lxc.utsname = linux-days lxc.arch = amd64 # Network configuration lxc.network.type = veth lxc.network.flags = up lxc.network.link = lxcbr0 lxc.network.hwaddr = 00:16:3e:73:2e:32 # lxc.network.ipv4 = 10.0.3.12/24
- 28. LXC disk • number of bytes transferred to/from the disk by the group cat /sys/fs/cgroup/lxc/linux-days/blkio.io_service_bytes 8:0 Write 0 8:0 Sync 67913826304 8:0 Async 0 8:0 Total 67913826304 8:16 Read 93198610432 8:16 Write 0 8:16 Sync 93198610432 8:16 Async 0 8:16 Total 93198610432 Total 161112436736
- 29. LXC start $ lxc-start -n linux-days -d 629 ? Ss lxc-start -n linux-days -d 639 ? Ss _ /sbin/init 829 ? S _ upstart-udev-bridge --daemon 873 ? Ss _ /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd --daemon 1035 pts/14 Ss+ _ /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 1038 pts/6 Ss+ _ /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 1039 pts/8 Ss+ _ /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 1051 ? Ss _ /usr/sbin/sshd -D 1055 ? Ss _ cron 1068 ? S _ /bin/sh /etc/init.d/ondemand background 1082 ? S | _ sleep 60 1085 pts/15 Ss+ _ /sbin/getty -8 38400 console 1087 pts/5 Ss+ _ /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 1100 ? S _ upstart-file-bridge --daemon 1103 ? S _ upstart-socket-bridge --daemon
- 30. LXC start $ ssh [email protected] ubuntu@linux-days:~$ ps axf PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 ? Ss 0:00 /sbin/init 153 ? S 0:00 upstart-udev-bridge --daemon 189 ? Ss 0:00 /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd --daemon 303 ? Ssl 0:00 rsyslogd 346 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty4 349 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty2 350 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty3 362 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D 466 ? Ss 0:00 _ sshd: ubuntu [priv] 477 ? S 0:00 _ sshd: ubuntu@pts/0 478 pts/0 Ss 0:00 _ -bash 498 pts/0 R+ 0:00 _ ps axf 366 ? Ss 0:00 cron 396 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 console 398 ? Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1 411 ? S 0:00 upstart-file-bridge --daemon 414 ? S 0:00 upstart-socket-bridge --daemon
- 31. LXC start $ du -hs /var/lib/lxc/linux-days/ 328M /var/lib/lxc/linux-days/ $ lxc-ls -f NAME STATE IPV4 IPV6 AUTOSTART ----------------------------------------------- linux-days RUNNING 10.0.3.12 - NO
- 32. Docker • easier deployment of applications • scalability (copying containers) • inside container • my code • my dependencies • my libraries • outside container • monitoring • logging • remote access • limit used resources
- 33. Docker vs. LXC • Docker allows sharing images • multiple backends: • LXC • OpenVZ • private Docker registry (for sharing images)
- 34. Example: nginx • simplest Dockerfile vim Dockerfile FROM nginx COPY hello /usr/share/nginx/html • dir structure: . |-- Dockerfile -- hello -- index.html -- Makefile
- 36. Docker makefile $ make build $ make run build: docker build -t deric/my-nginx . run: docker run --name hello-nginx -d -p 8080:80 my-nginx test: curl localhost:8080 clean: rm -rf node_modules .PHONY: build run test clean
- 37. Example 2: node.js • node.js hello world base on debian:stable • CMD line is executed same way as: $ docker run -i -t debian:stable cmd FROM debian:stable RUN apt-get update apt-get install -y curl RUN curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup | bash - RUN apt-get install -y nodejs # App ADD . /web # Install app dependencies RUN cd /web; npm install EXPOSE 8080 CMD [node, /web/index.js] • source code: https://github.com/deric/ docker-nodejs-helloworld
- 38. Docker ps • running processes $ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND PORTS NAMES 00f65e6387e1 my-nginx:latest nginx -g daemon of 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080-80/tcp hello-nginx • all processes including exited $ docker ps -a
- 39. Run container $ docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash Unable to find image ’ubuntu’ locally Pulling repository ubuntu 6b4e8a7373fe: Download complete 511136ea3c5a: Download complete b18d0a2076a1: Download complete 67b66f26d423: Download complete 25c4824a5268: Download complete 8b1c48305638: Download complete c900195dcbf3: Download complete
- 40. Image sizes $ docker logs e63e588553a9 Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... Reading state information... E: Unable to locate package curl
- 41. Image sizes $ docker images --tree |f10ebce2c0e1 Virtual Size: 103.7 MB -82cdea7ab5b5 Virtual Size: 103.9 MB --5dbd9cb5a02f Virtual Size: 103.9 MB --5c2c3b2ca45c Virtual Size: 734.5 MB
- 42. Storage filesystems union snapshotting copy-on-write block devices provisioning superfast fast fast changing small files supercheap cheap costly changing large files slow fast fast diffing superfast superfast slow memory usage efficient efficient inefficient drawbacks random quirks ZFS not mainline higher disk usage
- 43. Remove image • remove all exited processes (containers): $ docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
- 44. Remove image • single image: $ docker rmi my_image • all images $ docker rmi $(docker images -q)
- 45. Check target system • single image: $ wget http://bit.ly/1CK1lgG -O - | bash - Generally Necessary: - cgroup hierarchy: properly mounted [/sys/fs/cgroup] - apparmor: enabled and tools installed - CONFIG_NAMESPACES: enabled - CONFIG_NET_NS: enabled - CONFIG_PID_NS: enabled - CONFIG_IPC_NS: enabled - CONFIG_UTS_NS: enabled - CONFIG_DEVPTS_MULTIPLE_INSTANCES: enabled - CONFIG_CGROUPS: enabled - CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT: enabled - CONFIG_CGROUP_DEVICE: enabled - CONFIG_CGROUP_FREEZER: enabled - CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHED: enabled ...
- 46. Docker integrations • Mesos 0.20 with native Docker support • YARN • Core OS / Fleet
- 47. Core OS • special Linuxu distribution • incremental system updates • coreos.com
- 48. Mesos • works on any Linux • native Docker support since 20th August 2014! • mesos.apache.org
- 49. The real value of Docker is not technology it’s getting people to agree on something Solomon Hykes
- 50. http://datalab.fit.cvut.cz Thank you for attention! [email protected]
- 51. Resources • docker.io • Docker and Containers for Development and Deployment - SCALE12X • Solomon Hykes Dockercon Keynote