Software Defined Networking - 1
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This document discusses software defined networks (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV). It outlines different types of network traffic, including elastic and inelastic traffic. It also discusses increasing demands for data from big data, cloud computing and mobile traffic. SDN and NFV aim to better satisfy quality of service and quality of experience requirements by moving network control into software and decoupling network functions from proprietary hardware. SDN separates the network control plane and data plane, allowing centralized control of traffic flow. NFV utilizes standard virtualization to virtualize network functions on commodity hardware.
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Issues in routing protocolPradeep Kumar TS The document discusses key issues in designing ad-hoc wireless routing protocols. It outlines challenges like mobility, bandwidth constraints from a shared radio channel, and hidden/exposed terminal problems. It also notes resource constraints from limited battery, processing power, and size. The document proposes ideal characteristics for routing protocols, including being fully distributed, adaptive to topology changes, loop-free, and minimizing overhead through localized routing and limited broadcasts. It suggests protocols should converge quickly and use resources sparingly.
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Multicast routing protocols in adhoc networksPradeep Kumar TS This document discusses routing and multicast protocols at the MAC, routing, and application layers. It describes key modules like transmission, receiving, and neighbor list handling at the MAC layer. At the routing layer, it discusses unicast and multicast routing tables, forwarding, tree construction, and session maintenance. The application layer handles data transmission, multicast session initiation and termination, and route repair. It also compares source tree and shared tree approaches, and soft state and hard state maintenance mechanisms.
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Lecture 3,4 operating systemsPradeep Kumar TS The document discusses the evolution of operating systems from serial processing to modern developments. Early systems used serial and batch processing with limited multiprocessing. Major OS achievements included the development of processes, virtual memory management, security features, and scheduling. Recent trends involve microkernel architectures, multithreading, symmetric multiprocessing, and distributed/object-oriented designs.
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Lecture 7 cpu schedulingPradeep Kumar TS The document discusses CPU scheduling and the factors involved. It describes CPU and I/O bursts as the amount of time a process uses the CPU before waiting. The CPU scheduler selects processes from the ready queue to allocate the CPU. Scheduling decisions are made when a process switches between running, waiting, and ready states. Non-preemptive scheduling does not interrupt a running process while preemptive scheduling allows high priority processes to preempt lower ones. The dispatcher is responsible for context switching between processes. Scheduling aims to maximize throughput and CPU utilization while minimizing turnaround, waiting, and response times.
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Operating System fo IoTPradeep Kumar TS This document discusses operating systems for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It describes TinyOS, Contiki OS, and RIOT OS. TinyOS uses a monolithic kernel and nesC programming language but is no longer supported. Contiki OS uses a layered architecture with C/C++ support and provides networking protocols. RIOT OS uses a microkernel approach and supports C/C++ with low memory requirements. It also enables multithreading and real-time capabilities. The document compares the OSs and demonstrates Contiki and RIOT on IoT devices.
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Tracing and awk in ns2Pradeep Kumar TS This document discusses using tracing, awk, and xgraph to analyze network performance parameters from ns2 trace files. It provides details on the wired trace format, examples of awk scripts to calculate link throughput and end-to-end throughput between nodes, as well as a script to calculate average link delay between transmitting and receiving nodes.
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Software Defined Networking - 1
- 1. Software Defined Networks T S Pradeep Kumar http://www.nsnam.com [email protected]
- 2. Outline • Types of Traffic • Demand (Big Data, Cloud and Mobile Traffic) • QoS and QoE • Software Defined Networking (SDN) • Network Function Virtualisation (NFV)
- 4. Elastic Traffic The traffic that adjust to changes in delay or throughput through the TCP or UDP. Application protocols like FTP, SMTP, SSH, Telnet, SNMP, HTTP, HTTPS can be classified as elastic There could be some changes in Email is generally insensitive to changes in delay remote logon and web access (interactive apps) are sensitive to delay File transfer is sensitive to throughput when the file size is huge
- 5. Inelastic traffic IT does not easily adapt to changes in delay and throughput. Examples: multimedia transmission, high volume interactive traffic Requirements of Inelastic traffic Throughput Delay or latency Delay Jitter (magnitude of delay variation) Example: Live relay of a cricket match, real time applications Packet Loss
- 6. Inelastic traffic Real Time Traffic Its a part of inelastic traffic Because of the delay in the internet, the packets are not arriving exactly, so all the packets are buffered, delayed and slightly and then released at a constant rate (as if it is real)
- 8. Demand Huge demand for data in these domains Big Data network capacity, latency, storage, processing and secure data access Cloud Computing Scalability, performance, agility and flexibility Mobile Traffic mobile data traffic (55%), managed IP traffic (10%) and internet traffic (18%) - from Year 2013 to 18 Internet of Things (IoT)
- 9. Quality of Service and Quality of Experience
- 10. QoS Properties of QoS Throughput Delay Packet Jitter Error Rate Packet Loss Priority Availability Security
- 11. QoE QoE is a subjective measure of performance measured by a user There is no quantifiable measure for QoE it could be Perceptual Psychological Interactive
- 13. SDN To cater the needs of increasing traffic and volume of data it is tough to satisfy the QoS and QoE requirements So a new type of networking supported are SDN and NFV
- 14. SDN
- 15. SDN functionality Control Plane Decides the route the traffic takes identifies the relative priority of traffic Data Plane forwards data based on the control plane
- 16. Key drivers for SDN Use of Server Virtualisation conserve hardware resources, makes single machine in to multiple servers, independent servers, etc. Rapid response in allocating resources existing network can also be used for traffic flow regulation, different QoS levels and security levels.
- 18. NFV Decouples network functions like routing, firewalling, intrusion detection, and network address translation from hardware platform it utilises standard virtualisation technologies that run on high performance hardwares to virtualise network functions.
- 19. NFV
- 20. NFV NFV have common features with SDN move the functionality to software use commodity hardware platform instead of proprietary platform use standardised or open APIs support more efficient evolution, deployment and repositioning of network functions.
- 21. SDN and NFV
- 22. SDN and NFV