For a pure python module you can find the location of the source files by looking at the module.__file__. For example,  >>> import mymodule >>> mymodule.__file__ C:/Users/Ayush/mymodule.py  Many built in modules, however, are written in C, and therefore module.__file__ points to a .so file (there is no module.__file__ on Windows), and therefore, you can't see the source. You can manually go and check the PYTHONPATH variable contents to find the directories from where these built in modules are being imported.  Running "python -v"from the command line tells you what is being imported and from where. This is useful if you want to ... Read More

The function reload(moduleName) reloads a previously loaded module (assuming you loaded it with the syntax "importmoduleName" without exiting the script. It is intended for conversational use, where you have edited the source file for a module and want to test it without leaving Python and starting it again. For example, >>> import mymodule >>> # Edited mymoduleand want to reload it in this script >>> reload(mymodule)Note that the moduleName is the actual name of the module, not a string containing its name. The python docs state following about reload function: Python modules’ code is recompiled and the module-level code re-executed, defining ... Read More

Python offers several powerful libraries to convert PDF documents to plain text, such as PyPDF2 and PDFMiner which are two popular modules for text extraction from PDFs. Some of the common approaches (modules) for converting PDF to text are as follows- Using PyPDF2 Using PDFMiner Using PyMuPDF Using 'PyPDF2' Module PyPDF2 is a versatile library used for manipulating PDF files, focusing on functions such as merging, splitting, rotating pages, and extracting text. It offers a simple approach for performing basic PDF operations. To extract data using ... Read More

When you install Python, you also get the Python package manager, pip. You can use pip to get the versions of python modules. If you want to list all installed Python modules with their version numbers, use the following command:$ pip freezeYou will get the output:asn1crypto==0.22.0 astroid==1.5.2 attrs==16.3.0 Automat==0.5.0 backports.functools-lru-cache==1.3 cffi==1.10.0 ...To individually find the version number you can grep on this output on *NIX machines. For example:$ pip freeze | grep PyMySQL PyMySQL==0.7.11On windows, you can use findstr instead of grep. For example:PS C:\> pip freeze | findstr PyMySql PyMySQL==0.7.11If you want to know the version of a module ... Read More

The function reload(moduleName) reloads a previously loaded module (assuming you loaded it with the syntax "import moduleName". It is intended for conversational use, where you have edited the source file for a module and want to test it without leaving Python and starting it again. For example, >>> import mymodule >>> # Edited mymodule and want to reload it in this script >>> reload(mymodule)Note that the moduleName is the actual name of the module, not a string containing its name. In Python 3, reload was moved from builtins to imp. So to use reload in Python 3, you'd have to ... Read More

A Namespace in Python is a container that holds a set of identifiers (variable names) and their associated objects (values). It helps implement the concept of scope in your program, determining which variables are accessible at any given point in your code. Every time a new scope is created—like when a function is defined or executed—a new namespace is created. This namespace acts as an "evaluation context" for the identifiers defined within it. Types of Namespaces Following are the three types of namespaces in Python. Local Namespace: Created for each function, method, or class block. ... Read More

To set the PYTHONPATH on windows to point Python to look in other directories for module and package imports, go to:My Computer > Properties > Advanced System Settings > Environment VariablesThen under system variables edit the PythonPath variable. At the end of the current PYTHONPATH, add a semicolon and then the directory you want to add to this path:C:\Python27;C:\fooIn this case, are adding the foo directory to the PYTHONPATH. Note that we are appending it and not replacing the PYTHONPATH's original value. In most cases, you shouldn't mess with PYTHONPATH. More often than not, you are doing it wrong and ... Read More

To set the PYTHONPATH on Mac OS to point Python to look in other directories for module and package imports, export the PYTHONPATH variable as follows:$ export PYTHONPATH=${PYTHONPATH}:${HOME}/foo In this case are adding the foo directory to the PYTHONPATH. Note that we are appending it and not replacing the PYTHONPATH's original value. In most cases, you shouldn't mess with PYTHONPATH. More often than not, you are doing it wrong and it will only bring you trouble

To set the PYTHONPATH on Linux to point Python to look in other directories for the module and package imports, export the PYTHONPATH variable as follows:$ export PYTHONPATH=${PYTHONPATH}:${HOME}/fooIn this case, are adding the foo directory to the PYTHONPATH. Note that we are appending it and not replacing the PYTHONPATH's original value. In most cases, you shouldn't mess with PYTHONPATH. More often than not, you are doing it wrong and it will only bring you trouble.

On Windows, you can set the PYTHONPATH environment variable to specify the directories that Python should search for modules when importing them. Here are several ways to set the PYTHONPATH environment variable on Windows Set PYTHONPATH using Command Prompt You can set the PYTHONPATH environment variable using Command Prompt by entering the following command − $set PYTHONPATH=c:\path\to\my\modules This sets the PYTHONPATH environment variable to c:\path\to\my\modules. To make this change permanent, you need to add it to the system environment variables − Open the Start menu and search for "Environment Variables". Click on "Edit the system environment variables". Click on ... Read More