Encapsulation is one of the fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP). It describes the idea of wrapping data and the methods that work on data within one unit. This restricts accessing variables and methods directly and can prevent the accidental modification of data. To prevent accidental change, an object’s variable can only be changed by the object’s method. Those types of variables are known as private variables. In Python, getters and setters are methods used to access and modify private attributes of a class. These methods are ... Read More

To instantiate the python class, we need to get the class name first. This is achieved by following codedef get_class( kls ):     parts = kls.split('.')     module = ".".join(parts[:-1])     m = __import__( module )     for comp in parts[1:]:         m = getattr(m, comp)                     return mm is the classWe can instantiate this class as followsa = m() b = m(arg1, arg2) # passing args to the constructor

In Python, inheritance is the capability of one class to derive or inherit the properties from another class. The class that derives properties is called the derived class or child class, and the class from which the properties are being derived is called the base class or parent class. In other words, inheritance refers to defining a new class with little or no modification to an existing class. Following is the syntax of the inheritance - class A: #class A (base class) pass class ... Read More

The following code prints the list of functions of the given class as followsExampleclass foo:     def __init__(self):         self.x = x     def bar(self):         pass     def baz(self):         pass print (type(foo)) import inspect print(inspect.getmembers(foo, predicate=inspect.ismethod))OutputThe output is  [('__init__', ), ('bar', ), ('baz', )]   

Let's understand the title: converting a string to a Python class means accessing a Python class using its name stored as a string, allowing dynamic creation of objects at runtime. In this article, we will discuss different ways to convert a string to a Python class object. Using globals() Function The globals() function is used to convert a string to a Python class object when a class is in global scope. class Bike: def start(self): print("Bike started!") class_name = "Bike" cls = globals()[class_name] # Convert string to class obj ... Read More

We can use python-jsonschema-objects which is built on top of jsonschema.The python-jsonschema-objects provide an automatic class-based binding to JSON schemas for use in Python.We have a sample json schema as followsschema = '''{     "title": "Example Schema",     "type": "object",     "properties": {         "firstName": {             "type": "string"         },         "lastName": {             "type": "string"         },         "age": {             "description": "Age in years", ... Read More

A global variable is a variable with global scope, meaning it is visible and accessible throughout the program. The collection of all global variables is known as the global environment or global scope of the program. The variables declared outside the function are, by default, global variables. We use the global keyword before a variable inside a function or method to indicate that we are referring to the global variable rather than creating a new local one. The following is the syntax to declare a global variable inside a function ... Read More

As per Python documentation ‘super’ can help in extending multiple python classes in inheritance.  It returns a proxy object that delegates method calls to a parent or sibling class of type. This is useful for accessing inherited methods that have been overridden in a class. The search order is same as that used by  getattr() except that the type itself is skipped.In other words, a call to super returns a fake object which delegates attribute lookups to classes above you in the inheritance chain. Points to note:This does not work with old-style classes.You need to pass your own class and ... Read More

In Python, a class is a collection of objects. It is the blueprint from which objects are being created. It is a logical entity that contains some attributes and methods. Following is an example of a Python class - class Tutorialspoint: print("Welcome to Tutorialspoint.") obj1 = Tutorialspoint() When are Python classes Garbage collected? In Python, the objects are eligible for garbage collection when the reference count of the object is zero. Similarly, the classes are garbage collected when no instances of the class have been created and it is no ... Read More

Yes, it is recommended to define multiple Python classes in a single file. If we define one class per file, we may end up creating a large number of small files, which can be difficult to keep track of. Placing all the interrelated classes in a single file increases the readability of the code. If multiple classes are not interrelated, we can place them in different files (improves maintainability and scalability). What is a Python class? In Python, a class is a collection of objects. It is the blueprint from which objects are being created. It is a logical entity ... Read More