Lesson 12-Accessing and Exploring Graphical Desktops
Overview  The UNIX/Linux graphical desktop. Starting the X Window system from a terminal. Exploring the graphical desktop environment.
The UNIX/Linux Graphical Desktop  UNIX and Linux support both graphical and character-based terminals. GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) and KDE (K Desktop Environment) are the two most popular flavors of the graphical desktop. The X Window system is the fundamental graphical tool that enables particular desktop window managers such as GNOME and KDE to operate.
Starting the X Window System from a Terminal  Launching X Window system from Linux: The “startx” command starts the fundamental graphics program, the X Window system, and then launches your account’s default window manager. A desktop with icons, menu bar, and an active mouse is displayed. The startx utility flags an error if X Windows is not properly installed.
Starting the X Window System from a Terminal  Launching X Window system from UNIX: In UNIX environment, the “xinit &” command starts the fundamental graphics program, the X Window system. A full graphical desktop environment is displayed once the X Window session is started.
Starting the X Window System from a Terminal  Launching X Window system from UNIX (continued): The "gnome &" or the "kde &" command can be used for selecting a particular graphical interface or desktop. The Motif Window Manger ("mwm &") or the blackbox "blackbox &" desktop program can also be started.
Exploring the Graphical Desktop Environment  A generic GNOME desktop
Exploring the Graphical Desktop Environment  Navigating the Task Bar. Accessing applications through the Main Menu. Moving, resizing, and iconifying Windows. Starting programs with icons.
Exploring the Graphical Desktop Environment  Using the menu bar. Customizing the desktop environment. Exiting a session from the desktop.
Navigating the Task Bar  The Task Bar, by default, appears at the bottom of the desktop. In the GNOME and KDE interface, various icons on the desktop allow a user to access the Terminal Emulator, Help, web browser, and other features. The Task Bar contains a wide variety of configurable settings and features.
Navigating the Task Bar  The Terminal Emulator or the Console icon opens a terminal window where shell commands can be executed. Multiple terminal windows can be created on the screen to work in two or more environments at the same time. A terminal window uses a default font unless the –fn option has been specified.
Navigating the Task Bar  The r16 and r24 font can be used for configuring the font size. The Task Bar also contains a set of four clustered buttons that allows a user to switch to an alternate desktop.
Accessing Applications through the  Main Menu  The Main Menu in GNOME or the Start Application in KDE pops up a menu that provides access to various programs, utilities, settings, and other system menus. The Main Menu provides access to various programs and utilities for working, like spreadsheets, address book, word processor, calculator programs, games, etc.
Moving, Resizing, and Iconifying Windows  The window manager interprets mouse clicks and drags in the usual ways. The handle on the sidebar of the window allows the window to be reshaped. The minimize button is located at the top-right corner of the window, and is represented in the form of an underscore.
Moving, Resizing, and Iconifying Windows  The icon of the active window is placed at the center of the Task Bar. A Help or Documentation browser is an interface to the various forms of documentation on the computer as well as the Internet. A web browser such as Netscape, Mozilla, or Galeon is usually included with X Windows and can be accessed either through the Task Bar or the Main Menu.
Starting Programs With Icons  The icons on the desktop can be customized or removed according to the user’s preferences. The Trash icon in the desktop is similar to a Recycle bin and can be used for recovering documents that get accidentally deleted. The “Empty Trash” option deletes the files permanently from the system.
Using the Menu Bar  The menu bar has functions like a quick reference location for frequently used applications, configurations, and even favorite web sites. Application, Utilities, Development, and Games are some of the topics that appear in the drop-down menu when the Programs icon on the Task Bar is clicked. A web page saved as favorites in the browser also appears for quick reference.
Customizing the Desktop  Environment  The appearance of the desktop can be easily changed with the help of the pop-up menu that appears when the mouse is right-clicked on the desktop. The screen saver and various other options can be configured with the help of the Main Menu. X Windows also allows shortcuts to be created on the desktop for frequently used programs with a simple drag-and-drop operation.
Exiting a Session From the Desktop  A desktop session in GNOME can be exited by using the Main Menu, while in KDE, the Start Application is used to achieve the same. The “Lock Screen” option keeps the current session alive, but requires the user to provide a password to unlock the screen.
The “Logout” option can be selected either from the pop-up menu that appears when the desktop is right-clicked, or from the Main Menu. Exiting a Session From the Desktop
Summary  In UNIX and Linux, the X Window system provides users with a full graphical environment. Login accounts can be configured to start up in the graphical or terminal mode. In the graphical desktop, the dashboard, or Task Bar, provides a series of menus and icons for easy access to programs.

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intro unix/linux 12

  • 1. Lesson 12-Accessing and Exploring Graphical Desktops
  • 2. Overview The UNIX/Linux graphical desktop. Starting the X Window system from a terminal. Exploring the graphical desktop environment.
  • 3. The UNIX/Linux Graphical Desktop UNIX and Linux support both graphical and character-based terminals. GNOME (GNU Network Object Model Environment) and KDE (K Desktop Environment) are the two most popular flavors of the graphical desktop. The X Window system is the fundamental graphical tool that enables particular desktop window managers such as GNOME and KDE to operate.
  • 4. Starting the X Window System from a Terminal Launching X Window system from Linux: The “startx” command starts the fundamental graphics program, the X Window system, and then launches your account’s default window manager. A desktop with icons, menu bar, and an active mouse is displayed. The startx utility flags an error if X Windows is not properly installed.
  • 5. Starting the X Window System from a Terminal Launching X Window system from UNIX: In UNIX environment, the “xinit &” command starts the fundamental graphics program, the X Window system. A full graphical desktop environment is displayed once the X Window session is started.
  • 6. Starting the X Window System from a Terminal Launching X Window system from UNIX (continued): The "gnome &" or the "kde &" command can be used for selecting a particular graphical interface or desktop. The Motif Window Manger ("mwm &") or the blackbox "blackbox &" desktop program can also be started.
  • 7. Exploring the Graphical Desktop Environment A generic GNOME desktop
  • 8. Exploring the Graphical Desktop Environment Navigating the Task Bar. Accessing applications through the Main Menu. Moving, resizing, and iconifying Windows. Starting programs with icons.
  • 9. Exploring the Graphical Desktop Environment Using the menu bar. Customizing the desktop environment. Exiting a session from the desktop.
  • 10. Navigating the Task Bar The Task Bar, by default, appears at the bottom of the desktop. In the GNOME and KDE interface, various icons on the desktop allow a user to access the Terminal Emulator, Help, web browser, and other features. The Task Bar contains a wide variety of configurable settings and features.
  • 11. Navigating the Task Bar The Terminal Emulator or the Console icon opens a terminal window where shell commands can be executed. Multiple terminal windows can be created on the screen to work in two or more environments at the same time. A terminal window uses a default font unless the –fn option has been specified.
  • 12. Navigating the Task Bar The r16 and r24 font can be used for configuring the font size. The Task Bar also contains a set of four clustered buttons that allows a user to switch to an alternate desktop.
  • 13. Accessing Applications through the Main Menu The Main Menu in GNOME or the Start Application in KDE pops up a menu that provides access to various programs, utilities, settings, and other system menus. The Main Menu provides access to various programs and utilities for working, like spreadsheets, address book, word processor, calculator programs, games, etc.
  • 14. Moving, Resizing, and Iconifying Windows The window manager interprets mouse clicks and drags in the usual ways. The handle on the sidebar of the window allows the window to be reshaped. The minimize button is located at the top-right corner of the window, and is represented in the form of an underscore.
  • 15. Moving, Resizing, and Iconifying Windows The icon of the active window is placed at the center of the Task Bar. A Help or Documentation browser is an interface to the various forms of documentation on the computer as well as the Internet. A web browser such as Netscape, Mozilla, or Galeon is usually included with X Windows and can be accessed either through the Task Bar or the Main Menu.
  • 16. Starting Programs With Icons The icons on the desktop can be customized or removed according to the user’s preferences. The Trash icon in the desktop is similar to a Recycle bin and can be used for recovering documents that get accidentally deleted. The “Empty Trash” option deletes the files permanently from the system.
  • 17. Using the Menu Bar The menu bar has functions like a quick reference location for frequently used applications, configurations, and even favorite web sites. Application, Utilities, Development, and Games are some of the topics that appear in the drop-down menu when the Programs icon on the Task Bar is clicked. A web page saved as favorites in the browser also appears for quick reference.
  • 18. Customizing the Desktop Environment The appearance of the desktop can be easily changed with the help of the pop-up menu that appears when the mouse is right-clicked on the desktop. The screen saver and various other options can be configured with the help of the Main Menu. X Windows also allows shortcuts to be created on the desktop for frequently used programs with a simple drag-and-drop operation.
  • 19. Exiting a Session From the Desktop A desktop session in GNOME can be exited by using the Main Menu, while in KDE, the Start Application is used to achieve the same. The “Lock Screen” option keeps the current session alive, but requires the user to provide a password to unlock the screen.
  • 20. The “Logout” option can be selected either from the pop-up menu that appears when the desktop is right-clicked, or from the Main Menu. Exiting a Session From the Desktop
  • 21. Summary In UNIX and Linux, the X Window system provides users with a full graphical environment. Login accounts can be configured to start up in the graphical or terminal mode. In the graphical desktop, the dashboard, or Task Bar, provides a series of menus and icons for easy access to programs.