Unix cheatsheet
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This document provides a cheat sheet for using the UNIX C Shell, covering topics like file manipulation, terminal setup, changing directories, listing and displaying files, copying, moving, removing files, printing files, finding files, comparing files, setting permissions, input/output redirection, C shell specific commands, job control, and special startup files.
![UNIX C Shell Cheat Sheet
Setup
File Manipulation
Terminal Setup % stty erase ‘^?’ kill ‘^U’ intr ‘^C’
% set term=vt100
Setting Path Variable % set path=(directory ... directory)
Password Changing % passwd
Changing Default
Shell
% chsh
Help % man command
% man -k topic
Logging Out % logout
% <CTRL-D>
Listing Files % ls
Displaying Files % cat filename
% more filename
<space> next page
<return> next line
q quit
Copying Files % cp file1 file2
% cp file1 [file2] ... directory
% cp -r directory1 directory2
Use the -i option to prompt before overwriting files.
Moving Files % mv file1 file2
% mv file1 [file2] ... directory
% mv directory1 directory2
Use the -i option to prompt before overwriting files.
Removing Files % rm filename
% rm -r directory
Use the -i option to prompt before deleting files.
Printing Files % lpr filename
Directory Manipulation
Miscellaneous Commands
File Protection
Creating Directories % mkdir directory
Changing Directories % cd directory
% cd
Displaying Current
Directory
% pwd
Removing Directories % rmdir directory
Finding Files % find directory -name filename -print
Searching Files % grep string filename
Sorting Files % sort [-o output-file] filename
Comparing Files % diff filename1 filename2
% cmp filename1 filename2
User and Permission
Types
u file owner (u is short for user)
g group members
o all other users
r read permission
w write permission
x execute permission (for directories, allows users to use
the directory name in a pathname)
Displaying File
Protection
% ls -l filename
Changing File
Protection
% chmod [ugo][+-=][rwx] filename
% chmod nnn filename
numeric protection mode table
user group other
r 400 40 4
w 200 20 2
x 100 10 1
Default Protection % umask nnn
The umask value is subtracted from 666 for new files and
from 777 for new directories.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/unix-cheatsheet-180103111105/85/Unix-cheatsheet-1-320.jpg)
Unix cheatsheet
- 1. UNIX C Shell Cheat Sheet Setup File Manipulation Terminal Setup % stty erase ‘^?’ kill ‘^U’ intr ‘^C’ % set term=vt100 Setting Path Variable % set path=(directory ... directory) Password Changing % passwd Changing Default Shell % chsh Help % man command % man -k topic Logging Out % logout % <CTRL-D> Listing Files % ls Displaying Files % cat filename % more filename <space> next page <return> next line q quit Copying Files % cp file1 file2 % cp file1 [file2] ... directory % cp -r directory1 directory2 Use the -i option to prompt before overwriting files. Moving Files % mv file1 file2 % mv file1 [file2] ... directory % mv directory1 directory2 Use the -i option to prompt before overwriting files. Removing Files % rm filename % rm -r directory Use the -i option to prompt before deleting files. Printing Files % lpr filename Directory Manipulation Miscellaneous Commands File Protection Creating Directories % mkdir directory Changing Directories % cd directory % cd Displaying Current Directory % pwd Removing Directories % rmdir directory Finding Files % find directory -name filename -print Searching Files % grep string filename Sorting Files % sort [-o output-file] filename Comparing Files % diff filename1 filename2 % cmp filename1 filename2 User and Permission Types u file owner (u is short for user) g group members o all other users r read permission w write permission x execute permission (for directories, allows users to use the directory name in a pathname) Displaying File Protection % ls -l filename Changing File Protection % chmod [ugo][+-=][rwx] filename % chmod nnn filename numeric protection mode table user group other r 400 40 4 w 200 20 2 x 100 10 1 Default Protection % umask nnn The umask value is subtracted from 666 for new files and from 777 for new directories.
- 2. I/O Redirection C Shell Specific Commands Input Redirection % command < filename Output Redirection (overwrite) % command > filename Output Redirection (append) % command >> filename Error Redirection (overwrite) % command >& filename Error Redirection (append) % command >>& filename Noclobber Variable % set noclobber Setting the noclobber variable protects files from being accidentally overwritten due to output redirection (but not cp, mv, etc.). “!” following any redirection operator over- rides noclobber. Piping Operator % command1 | command2 Enable Tracking of Commands % set history=n Displaying Com- mand History % history Re-executing Previ- ous Commands !! previous command !n nth command !string last command beginning with string !-n nth most recent command !?string? last command containing string Saving Command History % set savehist=n Setting Aliases % alias alias-string command-string Displaying Aliases % alias Deleting Aliases % unalias alias-string Special Files Job Control .cshrc This file, if it exists in your home directory, is automatically executed at login. Must begin with “#” to indicate C shell script. .cshrc typically includes C shell specific commands such as the set noclobber, set history, set savehist, and alias commands. .login This file, if it exists in your home directory, is automatically executed at login. Must begin with “#” to indicate C shell script. .login typically contains generic UNIX commands such as the stty, set path, and umask commands. .logout This file, if it exists in your home directory, is automatically executed at logout. Must begin with “#” to indicate C shell script. .logout typically contains commands to perform cleanup. Running Jobs in the Background % command & Stopping Foreground Jobs % command . . . <CTRL-Z> % Job Status % jobs Killing Jobs % kill %job-number % kill process-id Bringing Jobs to the Foreground % fg %job-number Moving Jobs to the Background % bg %job-number Process Status % ps lists all your processes % ps -a lists all running processes % ps -x full listing for given option Displaying Users % who % whoami