Programming paradigm and web programming

Programming Paradigm
&
Web ProgrammingGroup No. 03

Special Thanks
Md. Sharif Hossen
Lecturer, Dept. of ICT
Comilla University

GROUP MEMBERS
Serial Name
Identification
Number
01. Md Tanvir Ul Haque 1109017
02. Pradip Karmakar 1109021
03. Zakir Hossen 1109022
04. Murshida Jahan 1109023
05 Habibur Rahman 1109024

Outline:
• What is Programming Paradigm
• Types of Programming Paradigm
• What is web programming
• How does it work
• What are web programming languages
• Module of Web Programming
• HTML
• CSS
• JAVASCRIPT
• PHP
• ASP .NET
• RUBY ON RAILS
• JAVA
• PYTHON

Paradigm:
A theory or a group of ideas about how
something should be done, made, or thought about.
Programming Paradigm:
Is a way to classify programming languages
according to the style of computer programming .
Features of various programming languages determine
which programming paradigms they belong to; as a result,
some languages fall into only one paradigm, while others
fall into multiple paradigms.

A paradigm is a way of doing something (like programming),
and not a concrete thing (like a language). Now, it’s true that if a
programming language L happens to may a particular
programming paradigm P easy to express, then we often say “L
is a P language”.
Example:

Imperative Programming
Control flow in imperative programming is explicit:
commands show how the computation takes place, step by
step. Each step affects the global state of the computation.
C,COBOL are imperative programming languages.
Sample code of c(addittion two number):
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,sum;
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
sum=a+b;
printf("sum is %dn",sum);
}

Declarative Programming
Control flow in declarative programming is implicit: the
programmer states only what the result should look like, not
how to obtain it.SQL is one kind of declarative programming
language.
Declarative programming is when we say what we want, and
imperative language is when we say how to get what we
want.
Declarative: small_nums = [x for x in range(20) if x < 5]
Imperative: small_nums = [] for i in range(20): if i < 5:
small_nums.append(i)

Functional Programming:
In functional programming control flow is expressed by
combining function calls, rather than by assigning values
to variables.
With functional programming
•There are no commands.
•Code is much shorter, less error-prone, and much easier
to prove correct
•There is more inherent parallelism, so good compilers
can produce faster code

Logic and Constraint Programming:
Logic and constraint programming are two paradigms in
which programs are built by setting up relations that
specify facts and inference rules, and asking whether or
not something is true (i.e. specifying a goal.) Unification
and backtracking to find solutions (i.e. satisfy goals) takes
place automatically.
Languages that emphasize this paradigm: Prolog, GHC,
Prolog, Vulcan, Polka, Mercury, Fnil.
Prolog code:
grandparent(X, Y) :-
parent(X, Z),
parent(Z, Y).

Object Oriented Programming:
OOP is based on the sending of messages to objects. Objects
respond to messages by performing operations. Messages
can have arguments, so "sending messages" looks a lot like
calling subroutines. A society of objects, each with their own
"local memory" and own set of operations has a different feel
than the feel of non object oriented languages.java is one
kind object oriented programming.

What is web programming?
Web programming refers to the writing, markup and
coding involved in Web development, which includes Web
content, Web client and server scripting and network security.
The most common languages used for Web programming are
JavaScript, Asp.Net, PHP etc. Web programming is different
from just programming, which requires interdisciplinary
knowledge on the application area, client and server scripting,
and database technology.

How does web site programming work?
• Basically, we embed code within our normal HTML
pages. Something like this:

When we access web page with a browser, the web
server will parse, or read through, the HTML page line by
line and when it comes across a programming language, it
will execute the code. In this case, it writes out the current
date on the page and then sends the page back to web
browser. The web browser just sees a normal web page with
a date but the server will generate a different web page when
it is loaded on a different date.
How does web site programming work?

What are web programming languages?
All web programming is done with web programming
languages. These languages can include static
technologies like HTML, XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, and
XML. However, most web site programming is done
using server-side web programming languages. This
code runs on the server and then gives static information
back to the web browser. The most popular web
programming languages are: PHP, ASP.NET, Ruby on
Rails, Perl, ASP classic, Python, and JSP.

Module of Web Programming
Front-End:
1.HTML
2.CSS
3.JavaScript
Back-End:
1.PHP
2.Java
3.Asp.net
4.Ruby on Rails
5.Perl
6.Python

Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML)
 HTML stands for Hyper Text
Markup Language
 A markup language is a set of
markup tags
 HTML tags are keywords
surrounded by angle brackets
like <html>

CSS
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets
CSS describes how HTML elements are
to be displayed on screen, paper, or in
other media
CSS saves a lot of work. It can control
the layout of multiple web pages all at once
External style sheets are stored in CSS
files

CSS Syntax
A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:

 JavaScript is a programming language used to
make web pages interactive.
 It is a scripting language.
 It runs on visitor's computer and doesn't
require constant downloads from website.
Are JavaScript and Java the Same?
No, they are two completely different
computer languages.
Only their names are similar.
Java Script

 PHP is the coolest web programming language ever.
 PHP is a server-side, scripting language.
 It can be embedded within HTML and it is used to
create dynamic web pages or web applications.
 PHP code is interpreted by the web server which then
outputs a web page to the browsers that access on it
PHP's Capabilities
PHP can be used on almost any platform
It can run Windows or Linux and many types of web
servers including Apache and IIS.
 PHP can be used for managing email, connecting to other
web sites or servers
PHP

ASP.NET is the brainchild of Microsoft. It is a server-side web
programming language that allows you to build dynamic web site,
web applications, and web services. ASP.NET can be embedded
within HTML or contained in a separate file. ASP.NET code is
compiled and interpreted by the web server which then outputs the
HTML code to the browser.
ASP.NET's capabilities:
ASP.NET must be used on a Windows IIS server that has
the .NET libraries installed. ASP.NET can be used for
managing email, connecting to other web sites or servers,
processing form information, storing information in a
database, creating cookies in a web browser, and much more.
It can connect to many types of databases but is most
commonly used with a Microsoft SQL database.
ASP.NET

It is the hippest web programming language of the decade. It is a free,
server-side, web application framework that allows you to create
dynamic web pages and web applications very rapidly. Ruby on Rails
code is interpreted by the web server which then outputs a web page to
the browsers that access it. It is becoming more and more popular as
people begin to recognize its power to quickly design and implement
web applications. The fundamental Ruby on Rails principles include
Convention over Configuration (CoC) and Don't repeat yourself (DRY).
Capabilities:
Ruby on Rails uses the Ruby programming language, and can be used on
Windows or Linux variant servers but is particularly loved on Mac OS
machines. Ruby on Rails can be used for any typical web programming function
such as managing email, connecting to other web sites or servers, processing
form information, storing information in a database, creating cookies in a web
browser, and much more. It can connect to almost any type of database in the
world but most commonly is used in conjunction with MySQL.
Ruby on Rails

Python is the web programming language that the Google
search engine was made with! Python is used to create
dynamic web pages or web applications. Python code is
interpreted by the web server which then outputs a web
page to the browsers that access it.
Python is available on multiple platforms. It can be used for
managing email, connecting to other web sites, processing form
information, storing information in a database, creating cookies
in a web browser, and much more. It can connect to almost any
type of database but it has a strong relationship with its free
database buddy, MySQL. Python supports object oriented,
imperative, and functional programming models.
Python's Capabilities:
Python

Conclusion:
This is the end From this presentation we
learn about the programming paradigm
and Web programming languages.

Programming paradigm and web programming

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